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Smilacaceae, the greenbrier family, is a family of flowering plants. For the Flower class corvette, see HMS Smilax (K280. For the United States Coast Guard Cutter, see (WLIC-315 Smilax. Smilacaceae, the greenbrier family is a family of Flowering plants. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Up to some decades ago the genera now included in family Smilacaceae were often assigned to a more broadly defined family Liliaceae, but for the past twenty to thirty years most botanists have accepted Smilacaceae as a distinct family. The Liliaceae, or the lily family, is a family of Monocotyledons in the order Liliales. One characteristic that distinguishes Smilacaceae from most of the other members of the Liliaceae-like Liliales is that it has true vessels in its conducting tissue. Another is that the veins of the leaves, between major veins, are reticulate (net-shaped), rather than parallel as in most monocots. Monocotyledons or monocots are one of two major groups of Flowering plants (angiosperms that are traditionally recognised the other being Dicotyledons [1]
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Classification
The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), also recognizes this family and places it in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. Liliales is an order of Monocotyledonous Flowering plants This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae, but both the family and the order have A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor Monocotyledons or monocots are one of two major groups of Flowering plants (angiosperms that are traditionally recognised the other being Dicotyledons Within APG II it is a family of probably two genera Heterosmilax and the larger Smilax. Smilacaceae, the greenbrier family is a family of Flowering plants. For the Flower class corvette, see HMS Smilax (K280. For the United States Coast Guard Cutter, see (WLIC-315 Smilax. The family occurs throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Members of this family typically have woody roots and a climbing or vining form. Some have woody vining stems, often with thorns, while others are herbaceous above ground and thornless. A(n herb (ˈhɝb or /ˈɝb/ see pronunciation differences) is a plant that is valued for qualities such as medicinal properties flavor scent or the like
Other placements of the family include:
- The Cronquist system, of 1981, recognized this family and placed it in order Liliales, in subclass Liliidae in class Liliopsida [=monocotyledons] of division Magnoliophyta [=angiosperms]. A system of plant taxonomy, the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants (or Angiosperms) Liliales is an order of Monocotyledonous Flowering plants This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae, but both the family and the order have Liliidae is a Botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used Liliopsida is a Botanical name for the class containing the family Liliaceae (or Lily Family The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group
- The Reveal system recognized this family and placed it in order Smilacales, in subclass Liliidae which is placed as in the Cronquist system. A modern system of plant taxonomy, the Reveal system of plant classification was drawn up by the botanist J
- The Thorne system (1992) also recognized this family, and placed it in order Dioscoreales in superorder Lilianae in subclass Liliidae [=monocotyledons] of class Magnoliopsida [=angiosperms]. A modern system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system (1992 of plant classification was drawn up by the botanist Robert F Dioscoreales is a Botanical name for an order of Flowering plants. Lilianae is a Botanical name, in use for a superorder (that is a rank higher than that of order) Liliidae is a Botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its
- The Dahlgren system treated it as did the Thorne system (1992): see above. One of the modern systems of plant taxonomy, the Dahlgren system was published by monocot specialist Rolf Dahlgren.
Characteristics
Members of this family can be herbaceous to "woody" vines. They grow from this rhizomes and are often armed with prickles on the stems and/or leaves. Leaves are alternate and simple; and entire to spinose-serrate. Some members of this family have coriaceous (leathery) leaves. Venation of the leaves may be palmate to reticulate. A pair of tendrils often appear near the base of the petiole. The inflorescence type for members of this family is an umbel. The flowers are inconspicuous, radial and unisexual. The flowers are made of 6 tepals, 6 stamens and 3 carpals. The fruit type of all members of Smilacaceae is a berry. The number of seeds per berry is 1-3. Nectaries are located at the base of the tepals.
Genera
While both genera are dioecious and nearly indistinguishable vegetatively, their flowers differ markedly. Plant sexuality covers the wide variety of Sexual reproduction systems found across the Plant kingdom The flower of Heterosmilax is fused into a deep bottle-shaped tube containing prominent nectaries, its stamens are also connected at the bottom. The stamen ( Plural stamina or stamens, from Latin stamen meaning "thread of the warp " is the male Whereas flowers of Smilax are typically small with unfused floral parts. Smilax is a much larger and more widely distributed genus than Heterosmilax. Heterosmilax has only twelve species which are confined to China, Japan, tropical Asia, Singapore, Malaysia, and the surrounding islands. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Singapore For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and
Some taxonomists separate the herbaceous plants native to North America in Smilax as the genus Nemexia, which is known for its malodorous flowers. For the Flower class corvette, see HMS Smilax (K280. For the United States Coast Guard Cutter, see (WLIC-315 Smilax. Nemexia is a group of Plants in the family Smilacaceae. It consists of the Herbaceous plants within the genus Smilax A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also Smilax would then be left with only plants of a woody, vining form with thorns. However the Flora of North America does not recognise Nemexia, nor does the AP-site. The Flora of North America North of Mexico (usually referred to as FNA) is a multivolume work describing the native plants of North America.
References
- ^ Smilacaceae. Flora of North America. The Flora of North America North of Mexico (usually referred to as FNA) is a multivolume work describing the native plants of North America. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
Castner, James L. Photographic Atlas of Botany and Guide to Plant Identification. Feline Press. 2004. (ISBN 09625150000)
External links
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- Smilacaceae in L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 9 March 2006. http://delta-intkey.com.
- links at CSDL, Texas
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