The Slovene alphabet is an extension of the Latin alphabet and is used in the Slovene. Slovene or Slovenian ( slovenski jezik or slovenščina, not to be confused with Slovenčina) is a South Slavic language The standard language uses a modified Latin alphabet, consisting of 25 lower- and uppercase letters:

Source: Omniglot

The following Latin letters are also found in names of non-Slovene origin: Ć (mehki č), Đ (mehki dž), Q (ku), W (dvojni ve), X (iks), and Y (ipsilon). The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. N is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled en (ɛn C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes The grapheme Č (Latin C with Háček) is used in various contexts usually denoting the Voiceless postalveolar affricate Consonant not unlike P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf The Grapheme Š, š (Latin S with Háček) is used in various contexts usually denoting the Voiceless postalveolar fricative, including G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled tee or occasionally te (tiː U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ The grapheme Ž ( minuscule: ž) is formed from Latin Z with the addition of Háček. L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl The grapheme Ć ( minuscule: ć) formed from C with the addition of an Acute accent, is used in various languages Đ (lowercase đ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from D with the addition of a bar or stroke through the letter Q is the seventeenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cue (kjuː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet.

Diacritics

The Slovene alphabet in various fonts (Times New Roman, Arial, Lucida Console and Monotype Corsiva)

The writing itself in its pure form does not use any other signs, except, for instance, additional accentual marks, when it is necessary to distinguish between similar words with a different meaning. Times New Roman is a Serif Typeface commissioned by the British newspaper The Times, in 1931, designed by Stanley For example:

• gòl (naked) | gól (goal),
• jêsen (ash (tree)) | jesén (autumn),
• kót (angle, corner) | kot (as, like),
• kózjak (goat's dung) | kozják (goat-shed),
• med (between) | méd (brass) | méd (honey),
• pól (pole) | pól (half (of)) | pôl (expresses a half an hour before the given hour),
• prècej (at once) | precéj (a great deal (of))),
• remí (draw) | rémi (rummy (- a card game)).

Foreign words

There are 5 letters for vowels (A, E, I, O, U) and 20 for consonants. In Phonetics, a vowel is a Sound in spoken Language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open Vocal tract In Articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a Speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the upper Vocal tract, the upper vocal The Western Q, W, X, Y are excluded from the standard language, as are some South Slavic graphemes, Ć, Đ, however they are used as independent letters in encyclopedias and dictionary listings (not always all of them), for foreign Western proper nouns or toponyms are often not transcribed as they are in some other Slavic languages, such as partly in Russian or entirely in Serbian. Toponymy refers to the scientific study of place-names ( toponyms) their origins meanings use and Typology. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, In addition, the graphemes Ö and Ü are used in certain non-standard dialect spellings - for example, dödöli (Prekmurje potato dumplings) and Danilo Türk (Slovenia's current president). Danilo Türk (tyrk born February 19, 1952 in Maribor) is a Slovenian lawyer and diplomat and current President of Slovenia. Encyclopedic listings (such as in the 2001 Slovenski pravopis and the 2006 Leksikon SOVA) make use of this modified Latin alphabet:

a, b, c, č, ć, d, đ, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, š, t, u, v, w, x, y, z, ž.

Therefore, Newton or New York remain the same and are not transliterated to Njuton or Njujork, which seem very odd to a Slovene. However, the unit of force is written as njuton as well as newton. Some geographic names are transliterated (e. g. Philadephia - Filadelfija; Hawaii - Havaji). Other names from non-Latin languages are transliterated in a fashion similar to that used by other European languages, albeit with some adaptations. Japanese, Indian and Arabic names such as Kajibumi, Djacarta (Djakarta) and Jabar are transcribed as Kadžibumi, Džakarta and Džabar, where j is replaced with dž. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Except for Serbo-Croatian Ć and Đ, diacritical marks from other foreign alphabets (e. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation g. , Ä, Å, Æ, Ç, Ë, Ï, Ń, Ö, ß, Ş, Ü) are not used as independent letters.

History

This modern alphabet (abeceda) was standardised in mid-1840s from an arrangement of the Croatian national reviver and leader Ljudevit Gaj that would become the Croatian alphabet, and was in turn patterned on the Czech alphabet. Events and trends Technology First use of General anesthesia in an operation by Crawford Long. Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Ljudevit Gaj ( August 8, 1809, Krapina &ndash April 20, 1872, Zagreb) was a Croatian linguist politician journalist The Czech alphabet is a version of the Latin alphabet, used when writing Czech Before that Š was, for example, written as ∫, ∫∫ or ſ, Č as T∫CH, CZ, T∫CZ or TCZ, I sometimes as Y as a relict from now modern Russian 'yery' Ы, J as Y, L as LL, V as W, Ž as ∫, ∫∫ or ∫z. Yery or Yeru (Ы ы usually called ы in modern Russian) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet.

In the old alphabet used by most distinguished writers, "bohoričica", developed by Adam Bohorič, the characters č, š and ž would be spelt as zh, ∫h and sh respectively, whereas c, s and z would be spelt as z, ∫ and s. The Bohorič alphabet (bohoričica was an Orthography used for the Slovene language between the 16th and 19th centuries Adam Bohorič (born c 1520 - November 20 1598) was a Slovene Protestant preacher teacher and author of the first grammar of the To remedy this, so that each vocal sound would have a written equivalent, Jernej Kopitar urged development of new alphabets. Jernej Kopitar (born 21 August 1780 - 11 August 1844) was a Slovene linguist.

In 1825, Franc Serafin Metelko proposed his version of the alphabet called "metelčica". Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Franc Serafin Metelko ( 14 July, 1779 - 27 December, 1860) was a Slovene Roman Catholic Priest, Author Metelko alphabet (Slovene metelčica) was a Slovene writing system developed by Franc Serafin Metelko. However, it was banned in 1833 in favour of the bohoričica after the so-called Suit of the Letters (Črkarska pravda) (1830–1833), which was won by France Prešeren and Matija Čop. Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common France Prešeren, also known in the Germanized version as Franz Prescheren (1800–1849 was a Slovene Romantic Poet. Matija Čop also known in German as Matthias Tschop ( 26 January 1797 - 6 July 1835) was a Slovenian linguist Another alphabet, "dajnčica", was developed by Peter Dajnko in 1824, which did not catch on as much as metelčica; it was banned in 1838. Dajnko alphabet or dajnčica was a Slovene writing system invented by Peter Dajnko. Peter Dajnko ( April 23 1787 - February 22 1873) was a Slovenian Priest, Author and Linguist, Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The reason for their being banned is because they mixed Latin and Cyrillic characters, which was seen as a bad way to handle missing characters.

The gajica (see Gaj's Latin alphabet) was adopted afterwards, however it still fails to feature all phonemes of the Slovene language.

Computer encoding

The preferred character encodings (writing codes) for Slovene texts are UTF-8 (Unicode) and ISO 8859-2 (Latin-2). A character encoding consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given character set (sometimes incorrectly referred to as Code page In Communications a code is a rule for converting a piece of Information (for example a letter, Word, Phrase, or UTF-8 (8- Bit UCS / Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length Character encoding for Unicode. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's ISO/IEC 8859 is a joint ISO and IEC standard for 8-bit Character encodings for use by computers

In the original ASCII frame of 1 to 126 characters one can find these examples of writing text in Slovene:

a, b, c, *c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, *s, t, u, v, z, *z

a, b, c, "c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, "s, t, u, v, z, "z

a, b, c, c(, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, s(, t, u, v, z, z(

a, b, c, c^, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, s^, t, u, v, z, z^

a, b, c, cx, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, sx, t, u, v, z, zx

In TeX notation, č, š and ž become \v c, \v s, \v z, \v{c}, \v{s}, \v{z} or in their macro versions, "c, "s and "z, or in other representations as \~, \{, \' for lowercase and \^, \[, \@ for uppercase. American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII) TeX (ˈtɛx as in Greek, often /ˈtɛk/ in English; written with a lowercase 'e' in imitation of the logo is a Typesetting system designed and mostly

See also

• Alphabet

External links

• Slovene alphabet
• Typo.cz Information on Central European typography and typesetting