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  • Sloop-of-war

In the 18th and the earlier part of the 19th centuries, a sloop-of-war was a small sailing warship (also known as one of the escort types) with a single gun deck that carried anything up to eighteen cannon. The rating system of the British Royal Navy was used by the British Royal Navy between the middle of the 17th century and the middle of the 19th century to categorise sailing A ship-of-the-line was a type of naval warship constructed from the 17th century through the mid-19th century to take part in the the naval tactic known as the Line of battle First-rate was the designation used by the Royal Navy for its largest ships of the line, those mounting 100 guns or more on three gundecks In the British Royal Navy, a Second-rate was a Ship of the line mounting 90 to 98 guns on three gun decks In the British Royal Navy, a third-rate was a Ship of the line mounting 64 to 80 guns typically built with two Gun decks (thus the related term In the British Royal Navy, a fourth-rate was during the first half of the 18th century a Ship of the line mounting from 46 up to 60 guns For the bird see Frigatebird. A frigate /ˈfrɪgɪt/ is a warship In Britain's Royal Navy during the classic age of fighting sail a fifth-rate was the penultimate class of warships in a hierarchal system of six "ratings" based Sixth-rate was the designation used by the Royal Navy for small warships mounting between 20 and 24 nine-pounder guns on a single deck sometimes with guns on the upper works A warship is a Ship that is built and primarily intended for Combat. | NOTE Throughout this article "cannon" is used as BOTH the || singular and plural As the rating system covered all vessels with 20 guns and above, this meant that the term sloop-of-war actually encompassed all the unrated combat vessels including the very small gun-brigs and cutters. The rating system of the British Royal Navy was used by the British Royal Navy between the middle of the 17th century and the middle of the 19th century to categorise sailing In technical terms, even the more specialised bomb vessels and fireships were classed as sloops-of-war, and in practice these were actually employed in the sloop role when not carrying out their specialised functions. Hellburners ( Dutch: hellebranders; brander is Dutch for "fireship" are specialised fireships used in the Siege of Antwerp (1584-1585 A fire ship, used in the days of wooden rowed or Sailing ships was a ship filled with combustibles deliberately set on fire and steered (or where possible allowed to drift

In later years the type evolved; in the Second World War sloops were specialized convoy-defence vessels, with anti-aircraft and anti-submarine capability. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Contents

Rigging

A sloop-of-war was quite different from a civilian or mercantile sloop, which was a general term for a single masted vessel rigged like what we would today call a gaff cutter (but usually without the square topsails then carried by cutter-rigged vessels), though some sloops of that type did serve in the 18th century British Royal Navy, particularly on the Great Lakes of North America. For the military definition of sloop see Sloop-of-war. For the open learning project see SLOOP Project. Gaff rig is a Sailing rig (configuration of sails in which the Sail is four-cornered Fore-and-aft rigged controlled at its peak and usually The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border.

In the first half of the 18th century, most naval sloops were two-masted vessels, usually carrying a ketch or a snow rig. A ketch is a Sailing Craft with two masts: a main mast and a shorter Mizzen mast abaft (rearward of the main mast A snow (pronounced "snoo" or snaw, is a sailing vessel A ketch had main and mizzen masts but no foremast, while a snow had a foremast and a main mast but no mizzen. The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical or near vertical Spar, or arrangement of Spars which supports the Sails Large ships have several masts

The first three-masted (i. e. "ship rigged") sloops appeared during the 1740s, and from the mid-1750s most new sloops were built with a three-masted (ship) rig. A full rigged ship or fully rigged ship is a sailing vessel with three or more masts all of them Square rigged A full rigged ship is said to have a ship

Brig sloop

In the 1770s the two-masted sloop re-appeared in a new guise as the brig sloop. The successor to the former snow sloops, brig sloops had two masts while ship sloops continued to have three (since a brig is a two masted, square-rigged vessel and a ship is a square-rigger with three or more masts, though invariably only three in that period). In nautical terms, a brig is a vessel with two square-rigged masts

The Royal Navy also made extensive use of the Bermuda sloop, both as a cruiser against French privateers, slavers, and smugglers, and also as its standard advice vessels, carrying communications, vital persons and materials, and performing reconnaissance duties for the fleets. The Bermuda sloop is a type of fore-and-aft rigged sailing vessel developed on the islands of Bermuda in the 17th century A cruiser is a large type of Warship, which had its prime period from the late 19th century to the end of the Cold War. A privateer was a private Warship authorized by a country's Government by Letters of marque to attack foreign shipping Reconnaissance (also scouting) is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information

Classification

A sloop-of-war was smaller than a sailing frigate and outside the rating system. For the bird see Frigatebird. A frigate /ˈfrɪgɪt/ is a warship The rating system of the British Royal Navy was used by the British Royal Navy between the middle of the 17th century and the middle of the 19th century to categorise sailing In general, a sloop-of-war would be under the command of a master and commander rather than a post captain, although in day-to-day use at sea the commanding officer of any naval vessels would be addressed as "captain". Commander is a Military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service Post-Captain is an obsolete alternative form of the rank of Captain in the Royal Navy. Until 1794 the master and commander strictly speaking held the permanent rank of lieutenant, and reverted to that rank when he gave up command of the sloop-of-war; in 1794 the rank of commander was created. Commander is a Military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service A ship sloop was generally the equivalent of the smaller corvette of the French Navy (although the French term also covered ships up to 24 guns, which were classed as 'post ships' within the Sixth Rate of the British Navy). A corvette is a small maneuverable lightly armed Warship, originally smaller than a Frigate and larger than a coastal patrol craft, although many The name corvette was subsequently also applied to British vessels, but not until the 1830s. A corvette is a small maneuverable lightly armed Warship, originally smaller than a Frigate and larger than a coastal patrol craft, although many

History

USS Constellation, a United States Navy sloop-of-war.
USS Constellation, a United States Navy sloop-of-war.

In the second half of the 19th century, successive generations of naval guns became larger and with the advent of steam-powered sloops, both paddle and screw, by the 1880s even the most powerful warships had fewer than a dozen large calibre guns.

In the Royal Navy, the sloop evolved into an un-rated vessel with a single gun deck and three masts, two square rigged and the aftermost fore-and-aft rigged (corvettes had three masts, all of which were square-rigged). The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) The rating system of the British Royal Navy was used by the British Royal Navy between the middle of the 17th century and the middle of the 19th century to categorise sailing Square rig is a generic type of sail and rigging arrangement in which the primary driving sails are carried on horizontal Spars which are perpendicular or square A fore-and-aft rig is a Sailing rig consisting mainly of Sails that are set along the line of the Keel rather than perpendicular to it Steam sloops had a transverse division of their lateral coal bunkers[1] in order that the lower division could be emptied first, to maintain a level of protection afforded by the coal in the upper bunker division along the waterline.

Revival

During the First World War, the sloop rating was revived by the British Royal Navy for small warships not intended for fleet deployments. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) Examples include the Flower classes of "convoy sloops", those designed for convoy escort, and the Hunt classes of "minesweeping sloops", those intended for minesweeping duty. Ships These ships were Q-ships which were disguised as normal mercantile shipping within convoys A convoy is a group of Vehicles (of any type but usually motor vehicles or ships traveling together for mutual support Design These ships had twin screws and had forced-draught coal burning Boilers, that is they burned pulverised coal in an artificially augmented airstream A minesweeper is a Naval Warship designed to counter the threat posed by Naval mines The dedicated purpose-built minesweeper first appeared during

The Royal Navy continued to build vessels rated as sloops during the interwar years. These sloops were small warships intended for colonial "gunboat diplomacy" deployments, surveying duties and to act during wartime as convoy escorts. In International politics, gunboat diplomacy refers to the pursuit of Foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of Military power&mdashimplying As they were not intended to deploy with the fleet, sloops had a maximum speed of less than 20 knots (37 km/h). A number of such sloops, for example the Grimsby and Kingfisher classes, were built in the interwar years. Ships Royal Navy First group — built by Devonport Royal Dockyard, laid down 23 January 1933, launched Design The Kingfisher class was an attempt to build a small patrol vessel under 600 tons such vessels being outwith the clauses of the London Naval Treaty of Fleet minesweepers such as the Algerine class were rated as "minesweeping sloops". Ships Algerines sunk in combat ''Algerine'' was torpedoed by the Italian submarine ''Ascianghi'' off Bougie The Royal Navy officially dropped the term sloop in 1937, although the term remained in widespread and general use.

World War II

During the Second World War, 37 ships of the Black Swan class were built for convoy escort duties. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Black Swan class Royal Navy The first two ships were built under the 1937 Programme and the second pair under the 1939 Programme However, the warship-standards construction and sophisticated armaments of the sloop of that time did not lend themselves to mass production, and the sloop was supplanted by the corvette, and later the frigate, as the primary escort vessel of the Royal Navy. A corvette is a small maneuverable lightly armed Warship, originally smaller than a Frigate and larger than a coastal patrol craft, although many For the bird see Frigatebird. A frigate /ˈfrɪgɪt/ is a warship Built to mercantile standards and with (initially) simple armaments, these vessels, notably the Flower and River classes, were produced in large numbers for the Battle of the Atlantic. Class designation The term "corvette" was originally a French name for a small sailing warship intermediate between the Frigate and the Sloop-of-war Design The River class ships were designed by naval engineer William Reed to have the endurance and anti-submarine capabilities of the ''Black Swan'' class sloops In 1948 the Royal Navy reclassified its remaining sloops and corvettes as frigates (even though the term sloop had been officially defunct for nine years).

Notable sloops

See also

References

  1. ^ War-Ships. The rating system of the British Royal Navy was used by the British Royal Navy between the middle of the 17th century and the middle of the 19th century to categorise sailing A Text-Book on The Construction, Protection, Stability, Turning, etc. , of War Vessels, E. L. Attwood M. Inst. N. A, Longmans Green and Co. , 1910

External links

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