| Sliven Сливен |
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  Sliven
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Bulgaria |
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| Provinces (Oblast) |
Sliven | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Yordan Lechkov (independent) | ||
| Elevation | 243 m (797 ft) | ||
| Population (2006-06-12) | |||
| - Total | 106,434 | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Postal Code | 8800 | ||
| Area code(s) | 044 | ||
| License plate | CH | ||
Sliven (Bulgarian: Сливен) is a town in southeast Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Sliven Province. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Since 1999 Bulgaria has been divided into twenty-six provinces (области oblasti singular област oblast; also translated as "region" which Sliven is a Province in central Bulgaria. Its main city is Sliven, while other municipalities are Kotel, Nova Zagora, and Tvarditsa Yordan Letchkov (also transliterated Jordan Iordan Lechkov (Йордан Лечков (born July 9, 1967 in Sliven) is a former Bulgarian The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time This is a list of Postal codes of all towns in Bulgaria. A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The standard Bulgarian License plate consists of a blue vertical strip (the European strip on the left side of the plate containing the Flag of Bulgaria Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Sliven is a Province in central Bulgaria. Its main city is Sliven, while other municipalities are Kotel, Nova Zagora, and Tvarditsa It is a relatively large town with 110,000 inhabitants (the 8th largest in Bulgaria). Sliven is famous for its Bulgarian Haiduts who fought against the Ottoman Turks in the 19th century and is known as the "City of the 100 Voyvodi", a Voyvoda being a leader of Haiduts. Hajduk (or haiduk, haiduc, hayduck, hayduk) is a term most commonly referring to Outlaws highwaymen or Freedom fighters The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar A voivode or waywode is a Slavic title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force The current mayor of the city is former football star Yordan Letchkov. Yordan Letchkov (also transliterated Jordan Iordan Lechkov (Йордан Лечков (born July 9, 1967 in Sliven) is a former Bulgarian
The famous rocky massif Sinite Kamani (Сините камъни, "The Blue Rocks") and the associated national park, the fresh air and the mineral springs offer diverse opportunities for leisure and tourism. The Upper Thracian Plain (Горнотракийска низина Gornotrakiyska nizina) constitutes the northern part of the historical region of Thrace. The Balkan Mountain range ( Bulgarian and Стара планина Stara planina, "Old Mountain" In Geology, a massif is a section of a planet's crust that is demarcated by faults or Flexures In the movement of the crust, a massif
Another point of interest and symbol of the city, as featured on the coat of arms, is the thousand-year-old Stariya Briast (Старият Бряст, "The Old Elm"), a large Smooth-leaved Elm in the center of the city. Ulmus minor subsp minor Richens the Smooth-leafed Elm or Narrow-leafed Elm is a Subspecies of the Field Elm During the time of the Ottoman Occupation, Turkish officials would hang Bulgarian revolutionaries on the tree. In modern times, the city is doing its best to keep the tree alive with the addition of cement to the base.
Sliven Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named for Sliven. Sliven Peak (Vrah Sliven \'vr&h 'sli-ven\ rises to 530 m in the east extremity of Melnik Ridge, Livingston Island, Antarctica. Livingston Island ( is an Antarctic island in the South Shetland Islands, Western Antarctica lying between Greenwich and Snow Islands The South Shetland Islands are a group of Antarctic islands, lying about 120 kilometres north of the Antarctic Peninsula.
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Geography and Climate
Sliven is located 300km west of Bulgaria's capital Sofia, 110km from Burgas, the country's largest commercial port, 130km from the border with Greece and 130km from the border with Turkey. Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality Burgas (Бургас sometimes transliterated as Bourgas) is the second-largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast with population 210260 Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches It is located in close proximity to the cities of Yambol and Nova Zagora. Yambol (Ямбол is a city in southeastern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Yambol Province. Nova Zagora (Нова Загора is a town with a population of approximately 26000 people in the city and approximately 48000 in the entire municipality (which includes 33 surrounding
West of the city lies the so called Peach Valley which contains large peach orchards. The peach ( Prunus persica) is a species of Prunus native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit also called a peach The city is also known for its mineral baths whose water is used to treat diseases of the liver and nervous system.
The most visited geographical location and attraction in the city is the Karandila (Карандила). It is a hilltop 1050m above sealevel, with great sights overlooking the city. On the Karandila is the rock formation Hulkata (Хaлката, "The Ring"). It is a rock protrusion with an interesting, yet peculiar hole in the center. According to myth, one would change gender upon passing through the ring.
History
Remains of the oldest settlements on the territory of Sliven date back to around 6000 B. Dimitar Nikolov Asenov (Димитър Николов Асенов ( 10 May 1840 – 18 July 1868) better known as Hadzhi Dimitar C. E of the neolithic. Ruins of a Thracian settlement dating to around 5th–3rd century B. "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity C. E as well as Thracian ceramics and Hellenistic coins have been discovered in the area of Hisarlaka — a small hill in Sliven. "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. The area occupied by present-day Sliven has in the past been settled by the Thracian tribes Asti, Kabileti and Seleti. "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity These tribes held their independence until time of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great who conquered them. Philip II of Macedon, ( Greek: Φίλιππος Β' ο Μακεδών &mdash φίλος = friend + ίππος = Horse Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ'
The second century B. C. E. marked the beginning of the Roman conquests of northeastern Thracia. Thrace (Тракия Trakiya or "Trakija" or Trakia, Θράκη Thráki, Trakya is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe Sliven became part of the Roman Empire around 71–72 B. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial C. E. when the Thracian cities of Kabile and Apolonia are conquered. "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity Kabile (Кабиле is a Village in Southeast Bulgaria.It is situated in the Tundzha municipality, Yambol Province. Sozopol (Созопол Sozopolis Antheia Apollonia is a ancient town and seaside resort located 15 km south of Burgas on the southern Bulgarian Black With the emergence of the Roman Empire the region of the city became part of the Thracian province of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Thrace (Тракия Trakiya or "Trakija" or Trakia, Θράκη Thráki, Trakya is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial
A new stage in the city's history began around 2nd–4th century B. C. E. The first written records of the settlement's name, Tuida/Suida/Tsuida date to this period. This name is most likely of Thracian origin. "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity Its etymology is currently not understood.
In more modern times, Sliven became one of the most significant cultural centres during the Bulgarian National Revival, with much of its old heritage still preserved and enriched its heritage and today offers to its citizens and visitors a lot of opportunities for cultural life. It served as the birthplace of many prominent Bulgarians who contributed to the enlightenment such as Hadzhi Dimitar, Dobri Chintulov, Evgeniy Chapkanov, Ivan Siliminski and many others. Dimitar Nikolov Asenov (Димитър Николов Асенов ( 10 May 1840 – 18 July 1868) better known as Hadzhi Dimitar Another notable native is Anton Pann who composed the Romanian national anthem. Anton Pann (born Antonie Pantoleon-Petroveanu, and also mentioned as Anton Pantoleon or Petrovici; 1790s&mdash November 2, 1854 Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania
Economy
The economy of Sliven has centered around industry since the early 19th century. In 1834, Dobri Zhelyazkov established the first factory in Bulgarian lands, thus starting industrial development in Bulgaria. Dobri Zhelyazkov Fetisov (Добри Желязков Фетисов ˈdɔbri ʒɛˈlʲaskɔf fɛˈtisɔf (1800&ndash1865 was the first Bulgarian factory-owner and Industrialist Sliven was one of the largest industrial centers in Bulgaria, playing an important role during the Bulgarian National Revival. The Bulgarian National Revival (Българско национално възраждане Balgarsko natsionalno vazrazhdane or simply Възраждане Vazrazhdane It has long-lived traditions in textiles, machine-building, glass-making, chemical production, and the technical аnd food industries. Following the beginning of communist rule in Bulgaria in 1944, most industries were nationalized and much industrial building and development was spurred. Industry continued to develop until the fall of communism, at which point much of the previously built industry stagnated; many plants and factories were shut down and there was little development. In contemporary times, Sliven has experienced a surge in economy with increased investment, banking establishments and new industries have began to emerge. The dairy industry, which has long been present, continues to grow and thrive. The wine industry, with companies such as Vinprom and Vini Sliven and about a dozen others, continues to grow as grapes are easily grown due to the climate conditions. Grape growing and Wine production have a long history in Bulgaria, dating back to the times of the Thracians. In terms of heavy industry, Sliven is home to a 3M plant which produces machinery used to cut metals. 3M Company ( formerly Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company until 2002 is an American multinational conglomerate corporation with a worldwide The city also produces electric lights and electrical machines. Light industry in sliven is mostly devoted to textiles with many companies making wool clothing, socks, and food.
Culture
There are many buildings in the city built in the National Revival Architecture style, including the Hadzhi Dimitur House-Museum. It is in the south western part of the town and shows visitors a complex of a native memorial home and an old traditional inn. The Dobry Chintulov Memorial House Museum is on the North side of Sliven; it was the home of the Bulgarian revival teacher and poet Dobry Chintulov. The city's main theater is located at the main city square. It is named after the Sliven native Stefan Kirov (Стефан Киров) who was a prominent actor and director.
Demographics
According to 2007 estimates the Sliven municipality has a population of 147,557, while the city Sliven 112,103 citizens.
Ethnic Groups
Members of the following ethnic groups are represented in the city's population.
- Bulgarians
- Turkish
- Armenians
- Jewish
- Roma (Gypsies)
- Sarakatsani
Municipality
Sliven is the administrative centre of the eponymous Sliven municipality (part of Sliven Province), which includes the following 49 places (towns in bold):
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Town twinning
Alba Iulia, Romania
Gera, Germany
Pécs, Hungary
Voronezh, Russia
Svetlahorsk, Belarus
Ternopil, Ukraine
- Tekirdağ
External links
- Digital photos from Sliven
- Official site of Sliven
- Sliven at Pictures of Bulgaria
- Guide to Sliven district, cities, villages and regions
- Sliven.net
- Sliven.government.bg
- Sliven.start.bg
- Sliven on Google Maps
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