| Skatole | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| IUPAC name | 3-methylindole |
| Other names | 4-Methyl-2,3-benzopyrrole |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [83-34-1] |
| SMILES | CC2=CNC1=CC=CC=C12 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C9H9N |
| Molar mass | 131. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 172 g/mol |
| Appearance | white crystalline solid |
| Melting point |
93-95 °C (366-369 K) |
| Boiling point |
265 °C (583 K) |
| Solubility in water | insoluble |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
|
Skatole or 3-methylindole is a mildly toxic white crystalline organic compound belonging to the indole family. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Toxicity is the degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism White is a Color, the perception which is evoked by Light that stimulates all three types of color sensitive Cone cells in the Human eye In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon. Indole is an Aromatic heterocyclic Organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure consisting of a six-membered Benzene ring fused to a five-membered It occurs naturally in feces (it is produced from tryptophan in the mammalian digestive tract), beets, and coal tar, and has a strong fecal odor. Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is a waste product from an animal's digestive tract expelled through the Anus Tryptophan (abbreviated as Trp or W) is one of the 20 standard amino acids, as well as an Essential amino acid in the Human diet The beet or beetroot is a Flowering plant species ( Beta vulgaris) in the family Chenopodiaceae. Coal tar is a brown or black liquid of high Viscosity, which smells of Naphthalene and Aromatic hydrocarbons Coal tar is among the by-products when coal In low concentrations it has a flowery smell and is found in several flowers and essential oils, including those of orange blossoms, jasmine, and Ziziphus mauritiana. In Chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also An essential oil is a concentrated Hydrophobic Liquid containing volatile Aroma compounds from Plants They are also known as volatile An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn Alternate meanings See Blossom (disambiguation Blossom is a term given to the Flowers of Stone fruit trees Jasmine or Jessamine ( Jasminum) (from Persian yasmin, ie "gift from God" via Arabic) is a Genus of Shrubs It is used as a fragrance and fixative in many perfumes and as an aroma compound. Perfume is a mixture of fragrant Essential oils and Aroma compounds Fixatives and Solvents used to give the human body animals objects and living Its name is derived from the Greek root skato- meaning "dung".
Skatole has been shown to cause pulmonary edema in goats, sheep, rats, and some strains of mice. Pulmonary Edema (American English or oedema (British English is swelling and/or fluid accumulation in the Lungs It leads to impaired gas exchange and may cause It appears to selectively target Clara cells, which are the major site of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the lungs. Clara cells are non-mucous and non-ciliated secretory cells found in the Primary bronchioles of the Lungs Clara cells are dome-shaped and have Cytochrome P450 (abbreviated CYP, P450, infrequently CYP450) is a very large and diverse superfamily of Hemoproteins found in all Domains These enzymes convert skatole to a reactive intermediate, 3-methyleneindolenine, which damages cells by forming protein adducts[1]. See also Adduction, one of the Anatomical terms of motion. An adduct (from the Latin adductus, "drawn toward" is
Skatole can be found as a white crystalline or fine powder solid, and it browns upon aging. It is nitrogenous and one of the rings is a pyrrole. Pyrrole, or pyrrol, is a Heterocyclic Aromatic Organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C 4 It is soluble in alcohol and benzene and it gives a violet color in potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Benzene, or benzol, is an organic Chemical compound and a known Carcinogen with the molecular formula C 6 H 6 Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 A cyanide is any Chemical compound that contains the cyano group (C≡N which consists of a Carbon Atom triple-bonded to a Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Skatole has a double ring system which displays aromaticity. It is continuous (all atoms in the ring are sp² hybridized), planar, and follows the 4n+2 rule because it has 10 π electrons. It can be synthesized through a Fischer indole synthesis which was developed by Emil Fischer. The Fischer indole synthesis is a Chemical reaction that produces the Aromatic heterocycle Indole from a (substituted Phenylhydrazine Emil Fischer may refer to Emil Fischer (bass (1838-1914 famous German dramatic basso Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (1877-1947 German
It is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study. Euglossine bees, also called orchid bees, are the only group of corbiculate bees whose non-parasitic members do not all possess eusocial behavior. [2]
In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, skatole was listed as one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. A cigarette ( French "small Cigar " from cigar + -ette) is a product consumed through Smoking and manufactured [3] It is a flavoring ingredient.
See also
- Indole
- 1-Methylindole
- 2-Methylindole (methylketol)
- 5-Methylindole
- 7-Methylindole
References
- ^ Miller, M; Kottler S, Ramos-Vara J, Johnson P, Ganjam V and Evans T (2003). Indole is an Aromatic heterocyclic Organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure consisting of a six-membered Benzene ring fused to a five-membered Methylketol or 2-methylindole is a mildly Toxic and slightly Flammable Organic compound which occurs as a pale Yellow Viscous 5-Methylindole is an irritating Organic compound with Chemical formula 99 7-Methylindole is a mildly Toxic off- White Crystalline Organic compound with Chemical formula 99 "3-Methylindole Induces Transient Olfactory Mucosal Injury in Ponies". Veterinary Pathology 40: 363-70.
- ^ [1]Schiestl, F. P. & Roubik, D. W. (2004) Odor Compound Detection in Male Euglossine Bees. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29: 253-257.
- ^ What's in a cigarette?. Retrieved on 2006-05-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.
External links
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic