Otel Madımak in Sivas, site of the Alevi massacre on 2 July 1993

Part of a series on Twelver Shi'a Islam Alevism

Figures

Ali-Muhammad • Shah Ismail Yunus Emre • Pir Sultan Abdal Hajji Bektash Wali

Twelve Imams

Birinci Ali · Ikinci Ali Ucuncu Ali · Dorduncu Ali Besinci Ali · Altinci Ali Yedinci Ali · Sekizinci Ali Dokuzuncu Ali · Onuncu Ali Onbirinci Ali · Onikinci Ali

Beliefs

Haqq-Ali-Muhammad Four Doors • Insan-i Kamil The Qur'an • The Buyruk Wahdat-ul-Wujood Zahir • Batin

Practices

Fasting • Semah • Music Charity • Intercession • Taqiyya Dushkunluk Meydani

Leadership Structure

Dedes • Murshid • Pir Rehber • Darga • Jem Cem Evi • Babas

Festivals

Nowruz • Ashura Hindrellez

Groups

Bektashi • Qizilbash

Events

Sivas Massacre

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The Sivas massacre (Turkish: Sivas Madımak Olayı or Sivas Katliamı) refers to the events of July 2, 1993 which resulted in the deaths of 37 Alevi intellectuals. See also Shi'a Islam Twelver Shi'ism ( ar اثنا عشرية Ithnāˤashariyyah) is the largest branch of Shi'a branch of Islam Alevis (Aleviler Elewî are a religious sub-ethnic and cultural community in Turkey, numbering in the millions In Alevism, Ali-Muhammad refers to the individuals Ali and Muhammad who exist as a single entity or light of Aql. Yunus Emre (1238?–1320? was a Turkish poet and Sufi mystic. Pir Sultan Abdal (ca 1480 - 1550 a legendary Turkish Alevi (Sufi poet whose direct and clear language as well as the richness of his imagination and the beauty of his verses led him Hajji Bektash Wali ( Ḥājī Baktāš Wālī; Turkish: Hacı Bektaş Veli) was a Persian ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (a=علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب|t=ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 13th Rajab, 24 BH – 21st Ramaḍān, 40 AH See also Hasan ibn Ali Hassan ibn Ali is Shi’ahs’ second Imam, and is also known as Al-Mujtaba and Sibtil Akbar (the elder and Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar حسين بن علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب)‎ (third of Shaban 4 AH / 8th January 626 AD at Medina ‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn (Arabic علي بن حسين) (approximately 6 January 659 - 20 October 712 is a great-grandson of Muhammad as well as the fourth Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī al-Baqir (محمد ابن علي الباقر) (676-743 AD or 1 Rajab 57 AH – 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 114 AH was the Fifth Imām Jaʿfar al-Sadiq (702-765 in accurate transliteration Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq Arabic: جعفر الصادق in full Jaʿfar ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Husayn Mūsá ibn Ja‘far ibn Muḥammad al-Kāżim (الإمام موسى الكاظم‎ ( October 28, 746 AD - September 1, 799 / Ali ibn Musa al-Rida ( علي بن موسى الرضا) (Commonly known as Ali ar-Ridha Ali Reza (Eleventh of Dhu al-Qi'dah, 148 AH – Seventeenth of Muhammad al-Taqi or Muhammad al-Jawad ( Arabic: الإمام محمد الجواد) ( Rajab 10 195 AH - Dhu al-Qi'dah 29 Imam Ali al-Hadi (الإمام علي الهادي also known as Imam Ali al-Naqi ( September 8, 828 &ndash July 1, 868) was Hasan al- Askari (الإمام الحسن بن علي العسكري (Eighth of Rabi' al-thani 232 AH – Eighth of Rabi' al-awwal 260 AH According to Twelver Shi'as Imam Hujjat al-Mahdī ( ar المهدى) (or Hujjat ibn Hasan ibn Ali is the twelfth Imam and the Haqq-Ali-Muhammad refers to a Trinity in Alevism that involves truth ( haqq) Ali ibn Abu Talib ( Ali) and Muhammad. Four Doors refers to a concept in Alevism, and to a lesser extent in other branches of Islam such as Ismailism, that there are four paths to Allah Insan-i Kamil, loosely translated as the "Perfect Man" or "Perfect Human Being" is derived from the Arabic Al-Insān al-Kāmil (الاسان الكام The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Buyruks are a collection of spiritual books providing the basis of the Alevi value system Major ideas in Sufi metaphysics have surrounded the concept of Wahdat or "Unity" According to some Muslim groups the Zahir is the external or apparent meaning of the Quran. Batin is defined as the interior or hidden meaning of the Quran. Fasting is primarily the act of willingly abstaining from some or all Food, Drink, or both for a period of time Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. This is a sub-article of Islamic economical jurisprudence. Zakaat ( زكاة zækæːh zakaat or zakāh, has the implied Ziyarat is a pilgrimage to sites associated with the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his companions, or other venerated figures in Islamic history Persecution of Shia MuslimsWithin Shi'ite Islamic tradition the concept of Taqiyya (تقية - 'fear guard against' refers to a dispensation allowing believers to conceal The resolution of Alevi community disputes or problems in a Dushkunluk Meydani (Düşkünlük Meydanı or 'People's Court' presided over by the Alevi Dede. A dede is a socio-religious leader in the Alevi community The institution of dede is the most important of all the institutions integral to the social and religious organization In Alevism, a Murshid is a rank of Dede. In Alevism, a Pir is a rank of Dede. See also Pir In Alevism, a Rehber is a rank of Dede. A Rehber assists the Mursid (Dede provides information to the newcomers and prepares them for commitment to the Alevisim In terms of their internal organization every Alevi community follows a particular darga, sometimes an ojak The central Alevi worship service is called a Jem (Turkish Cem or ayini Jem, meaning congregational or assembly meeting A Cemevi (pronounced and sometimes written as Djemevi) means literally a house of gathering in Turkish, (Cem=public-gathering/ev=house and is a place of An Alevi religious leader related to a Dede. Nowrūz ( /noruz/ ↔, (English New Day various local pronunciations and spellings) is the traditional Iranian New year Holiday celebrated The Day of Ashura ( ar عاشوراء, Ashura Ashoura and other spellings is on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and marks the climax Bektashism (Bektaşilik is an Islamic Sufi order ( Tariqat) considered to be a distinct branch of Shi'a Islam Qizilbash or Kizilbash ( Nastaliq: قزلباش - Qizilbāš; Ottoman Turkish for "Red Heads" is a name given to a wide The Sivas massacre ( Turkish: Sivas Madımak Olayı or Sivas Katliamı) refers to the events of July 2 1993 which resulted in the deaths of 37 Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Alevis (Aleviler Elewî are a religious sub-ethnic and cultural community in Turkey, numbering in the millions The victims, who had gathered for a cultural festival in Sivas, Turkey, were killed when a mob of radical Islamists set fire to the hotel where the group had assembled. Sivas (the late-Classical and Medieval Sebastia, sometimes spelt Sebastea or Sebasteia, Greek: Σεβάστεια, Armenian Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only

Arson attack

The attack took place not long after traditional Friday prayers, when the mob broke through police barricades to surround the Otel Madımak, where artists, writers and musicians had gathered to celebate 16th century Alevi poet Pir Sultan Abdal. "Juma" redirects here For the indigenous Brazilian group see Juma people. Pir Sultan Abdal (ca 1480 - 1550 a legendary Turkish Alevi (Sufi poet whose direct and clear language as well as the richness of his imagination and the beauty of his verses led him Reportedly angered by the presence of Aziz Nesin, a writer who had translated and published extracts from Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses, the enraged fundamentalists surrounded the hotel, shouting "Death to the infidel!"^[1] and threatening the assembled artists with lynching. Aziz Nesin (b Mehmet Nusret, December 20, 1915 &mdash July 6, 1995) was a popular Turkish Humorist and Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie Kt (born 19 June 1947 is an Indian - British novelist and essayist The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdie 's fourth Novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad. ^[2] The hotel was set alight, and the fire claimed 37 lives, including those of musicians, poets, tourists and hotel staff, while assembled police did nothing to intervene. ^[3] Aziz Nesin was able to escape only because attackers initially failed to recognize him. According to reports, when rescuers eventually realized his identity, he was beaten by firemen while a city councilman shouted, "This is the devil we should have really killed. "^[1]

Aftermath

The event was seen as a major assault on free speech and human rights in Turkey, one which seriously deepened the rift between religious and secular segments of society.

After lengthy court proceedings, the State Security Court sentenced 33 people to death on 28 November 1997 for their roles in the massacre; 31 of these sentences were upheld in a 2001 appeal. The basics of the legal system in the Republic of Turkey are laid out in Articles 138 to 160 of the 1982 Constitution. ^[4] When Turkey overturned the death penalty just over a year later in 2002, the sentences were commuted to life in prison.

Each year on the anniversary of the massacre, demonstrators hold protests and vigils to commemorate the victims of the fire. Many wish to see the hotel, which has since reopened, declared a memorial and turned into a museum. ^[5] The Turkish government has so far rejected this proposal.

The victims of the massacre

• Asuman Sivri (1977-Ankara)
• Yasemin Sivri (1974-Ankara)
• Hasret Gültekin (1971-Sivas)
• Yeşim Özkan (1973-Ankara)
• Huriye Özkan (1971-Ankara)
• Belkis Çakir (1975-Ankara)
• Muammer Çiçek (1967-Tokat)
• İnci Türk (1971-Balikesir)
• Gülsün Karababa (1971-Sivas)
• Handan Metin (1973-Sivas)
• Sait Metin (1970-Sivas)
• Gülender Akça (1968-Sivas)
• Carina Cuanna(1971-Holland)
• Mehmet Atay (1968-Sivas)
• Murat Gündüz (1971-Ankara)
• Özlem Şahin (1976-Ankara)
• Nurcan Şahin (1975-Ankara)
• Ahmet Özyurt (1972-Ankara)
• Serkan Doğan (1974-Ankara)
• Serpil Çanik (1974-Ankara)
• Sehergül Ateş (1963-Tunceli)
• Uğur Kaynar (1956-Sivas)
• Asaf Koçak (1957-Yozgat)
• Erdal Ayranci (1958-Niğde)
• Behçet Aysan (1949-Ankara)
• Metin Altiok (1941-Izmir)
• Asim Bezirci (1927-Erzincan)
• Nesimi Çimen (1931-Adana)
• Muhibe Akarsu (1958-Sivas)
• Muhlis Akarsu (1948-Sivas)
• Edibe Sulari (1952-Erzincan)
• Menekşe Kaya (1977-Ankara)
• Koray Kaya (1981-Ankara)

References

External Links

• A selection of TV scenes about the event