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Sivas
Gök Medrese in Sivas
Gök Medrese in Sivas
Location of Sivas within Turkey.
Location of Sivas within Turkey.
Coordinates: 39°45′N 37°01′E / 39.75, 37.017
Country Flag of Turkey Turkey
Region Central Anatolia
Province Sivas
Government
 - Mayor Sami Aydin
Elevation 1,285 m (4,216 ft)
Population (2007)
 - Total 296,402
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code 58XXX
Area code(s) (+90) 346
Licence plate 58
Website: www.sivas.bel.tr

Sivas (the late-Classical and Medieval Sebastia, sometimes spelt Sebastea or Sebasteia, Greek: Σεβάστεια, Armenian: Սեբաստիա) is the provincial capital of Sivas Province in Turkey. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The provinces of Turkey are organized into 7 census-defined regions ( bölge) which were originally defined at the First Geography Congress in 1941 Turkey is divided into 81 provinces called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Turkish car number plates are License plates found on Turkish vehicles Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian Turkey is divided into 81 provinces called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i The province of Sivas is located at the eastern part of the Central Anatolian region of Turkey; it is the second largest province in Turkey Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches According to the 2007 Turkish census, its population was 296402.

The city lies at an elevation of 4,193 feet (1,285 m) in the broad valley of the Kızılırmak river, and is a moderately-sized trade center and industrial city, although the economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Rail repair shops as well as a thriving industry of manufacturing rugs, bricks, cement, and cotton and woolen textiles are all important for the economy of the city. The surrounding region is a cereal-producing area and with large deposits of iron ore, which are worked at Divriği. Divriği is a town and a district of Sivas Province of Turkey.

Sivas is also communications center to the north-south and west-east trade routes to Iraq and Iran, respectively. With the development of railways, the city gained new economic importance, as it stands at the junction of several railways and highways and is linked by air with Istanbul via Ankara, as well as an important rail line linking the cities of Kayseri, Samsun, and Erzurum. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. Kayseri ( Ottoman Turkish:قیصریه Greek: Καισάρεια / Kaisareia: Latin: Caesarea Mazaca Zazaish Samsun ( Greek: Σαμψούντα, Samsounta, Amisos) is a city in northern Turkey, on the coast of the Black Theodosiopolis redirects here it is also a name of the ancient city of Apros, Thrace

Contents

History

Ancient and medieval

Excavations at a mound known as Topraktepe indicate Hittite settlement in the area, though little is known of Sivas' history prior to its emergence in the Roman period. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial In 64 B. C. as part of his reorganization of Asia Minor after the Third Mithridatic War, Pompey the Great founded a city on the site called "Megalopolis". Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The Third Mithridatic War ( 75 - 65 BC) was one of three Mithridatic Wars fought between Mithridates VI of Pontus and the Roman Republic Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation [1] Numismatic evidence suggests that Megalopolis changed its name in the last years of the 1st century B. C. to "Sebasteia" in honor of the emperor Augustus: Σεβάστεια is the feminine form of the usual Greek translation of Augustus. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The name "Sivas" is the Turkish version deriving from the name Sebasteia. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages.

Sebastea, which became the capital of the province of Armenia Minor under the emperor Diocletian, was a town of some importance in the early history of the Christian Church; it was the home of Saint Blaise and St. Peter of Sebaste, who were bishops of the town, and of Eustathius, one of the early founders of monasticism in Anatolia — all in the 4th century; the place of martyrdom of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, also 4th century; the birthplace (1676) of Mekhitar, the founder of the Mekhitarist Order. Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate Saint Blaise ( Greek: Άγιος Βλάσιος Agios Vlasios; Armenian: Սուրբ Բարսեղ was a physician and Bishop Peter of Sebaste (ca 340 — 391 was a bishop taking his usual name from the city of his bishopry Sebaste in Armenia. Eustathius or Eustathios may refer to Eustathius of Antioch, Patriarch of Antioch (c Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from Greek monos, alone is the religious practice in which one Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The Forty Martyrs of Sebaste or the Holy Forty (Ancient/ Katharevousa Greek Ἃγιοι Τεσσεράκοντα Demotic Άγιοι Σαράντα Mekhitar da Pietro, also spelled Mkhitar, (1676-1749 was an Armenian Catholic monk who founded what would become the Mekhitarist Order. Several Greek Orthodox and Armenian patriarchs were born in Sebaste, among them Atticus, the 5th‑century Patriarch of Constantinople, and Michael, the 16th‑century Patriarch of Echmiadzin.

The city was briefly the headquarters of the Armenian church. The Armenian Apostolic Church (Հայաստանեայց Առաքելական Եկեղեցի Hayasdaneaytz Arakelagan The Armenian king Sennacherib John of Vaspurakan (the southern Armenian kingdom, whose parts make up modern day province of Van, Turkey) ceded his land to the Byzantine emperor Basil II in 1021 A. The Kingdom of Armenia (or Greater Armenia) was an independent kingdom from 190 BC to AD 387 and a client state of the Roman and Persian empires until Van ( Armenian hy Վան Kurdish: Wan from Armenian van - village settlement is a city in eastern Turkey and the seat of Van Basil II, surnamed the Bulgar-slayer (Βασίλειος Β΄ Βουλγαροκτόνος Basileios II Boulgaroktonos, 958 &ndash December 15 1025 D. and migrated to Sivas with many of his nobles and people and became a vassal of the Byzantines, until the city was conquered by the Turkmen Danishmend dynasty (1155–1192) after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. The Danishmend dynasty was a Turcoman Dynasty that ruled in north-central and eastern Anatolia in the 11th and 12th centuries The Battle of Manzikert, or Malazgirt, was fought between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuq forces led by Alp Arslan on August 26 1071 near Manzikert

In 1174, the city was captured by Seljuk ruler Kilij Arslan II and periodically served as capital of the Seljuk empire along with Konya. Kilij Arslan II (عز الدين قلج أرسلان بن مسعود 'Izz al-Dīn Qilij Arslān bin Mas'ūd II Konya ( قونیه; also Koniah, Konieh, Konia, and Qunia; historically also known as Iconium ( Latin Under Seljuk rule, Sivas was an important center of trade and site of a citadel, along with mosques and madrasahs (religious educational institutions), four of which survive today and one of which houses the Sivas Museum.

The city fell to the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I (1389–1402) in 1398, was lost to Timur (Tamerlane; 1336–1405) in 1400, and was recaptured by the Ottomans in 1408. Bayezid I ( Ottoman: بايزيد الأول Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman ییلدیرم "the Thunderbolt" Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among Under the Ottomans, Sivas served as the administrative center of the province of Rum until about the late nineteenth century.

Modern

The Sivas Congress was held in this city on 4 September 1919. Sivas Congress was an assembly of the Turkish National Movement held from 4 September to 11 September 1919 in the city of Sivas Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common With the arrival of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), the founder of the Turkish Republic, from Amasya, the Congress of Sivas is considered a turning point in the formation of the Turkish Republic. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman Amasya (Ἀμάσεια the Amaseia of antiquity or Αμάσεια Amáseia) is the administrative district of Amasya Province in northern Turkey Sivas Congress was an assembly of the Turkish National Movement held from 4 September to 11 September 1919 in the city of Sivas It was at this congress that Kemal's position as chair of the executive committee of the national resistance was confirmed. (see Turkish War of Independence)

On July 2, 1993, the Sivas massacre took place: thirty-seven intellectuals and local Alevis participating in the Pir Sultan Abdal Cultural and Literary Festival were killed when the Madımak Hotel in the centre of Sivas was burnt down by 15. The Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı May 19, 1919 October 29, 1923) refers to the political and military resistance developed Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The Sivas massacre ( Turkish: Sivas Madımak Olayı or Sivas Katliamı) refers to the events of July 2 1993 which resulted in the deaths of 37 Alevis (Aleviler Elewî are a religious sub-ethnic and cultural community in Turkey, numbering in the millions Pir Sultan Abdal (ca 1480 - 1550 a legendary Turkish Alevi (Sufi poet whose direct and clear language as well as the richness of his imagination and the beauty of his verses led him 000 members of various anti-democratic, pro-shariah radical islamist groups protesting against the presence of Aziz Nesin, the Turkish translator of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses. Aziz Nesin (b Mehmet Nusret, December 20, 1915 &mdash July 6, 1995) was a popular Turkish Humorist and Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie Kt (born 19 June 1947 is an Indian - British novelist and essayist The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdie 's fourth Novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad. Individuals who lost their lives that day included prominent Alevi artists and intellectuals such as Muhlis Akarsu, Metin Altiok, Behçet Aysan, Nesimi Cimen and Ugur Kaynar, as well as a Dutch anthropologist. Alevis (Aleviler Elewî are a religious sub-ethnic and cultural community in Turkey, numbering in the millions Nesin managed to escape the burning building by the help of a fireman, and was carried away to safety from the fanatical mob. Protested by many Turkish and Kurdish singers e. g. Grup Yorum, Arif Sağ, Musa Eroğlu, Selda Bağcan, İlkay Akkaya and more, who sang Aşık Veysel's song "Sivas Ellerinde Sazim Calinir", the tragic and much-condemned incident has been a turnpoint in Turkish political history, with the Government taking a harder stance against religious fanaticism, militant Islam, and antisecularism. Grup Yorum is a Turkish / Kurdish band known for their political Songwriting. Arif Sağ (born 1945 in Aşkale, Erzurum, Turkey is a Singer, Bağlama virtuoso and leading figure in modern Turkish İlkay Akkaya (born on May 26, 1964 in Istanbul, Turkey) is a member of the Turkish music group Grup Kızılırmak. Aşık Veysel Şatıroğlu ( October 25, 1894 – March 21, 1973) also known as just Aşık Veysel There was a national campaign in late 2006 to convert the hotel into a museum to commemorate the tragedy, carried out by the Pir Sultan Abdal Cultural Institute itself, the outcome of which is yet to be determined. Pir Sultan Abdal (ca 1480 - 1550 a legendary Turkish Alevi (Sufi poet whose direct and clear language as well as the richness of his imagination and the beauty of his verses led him

Sights

A cultural hub as well as an industrial one, Sivas features many monuments of 13th-century Seljuk architecture. Seljuk ( Arabic: السلاجقة Turkish: Selçuk; also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq) was the eponymous hero of the Seljuks Mavi Medrese from 1271, Şifaiye Medresesi from 1218 and the Çifte Minare Medresesi from 1271 with its intricately carved facade and minarets are among the most noteworthy edifices. Sifaiye Medresesi is a Medrese built in 1217 in Sivas, Turkey. The oldest mosque is the Great Mosque dating from the Turkmen era. Near Sivas lay the Armenian Christian monastery of the Holy Cross, with its royal throne and other relics. It is now entirely destroyed.

Ulu Camii (Mosque) completed in 1196, is famous for its simplicity and it is a showcase for the Seljuk Turks' architectural success. The city is also famous for its Medreses (Madrasa). Gök Medresesi (the Celestial Madrasa) and Mavi Medrese were built in 1271. On the other hand, Sifaiye Medresesi was completed earlier, in the eve of the second wave of Turkic immigration to Anatolia, in 1218 and the with its intricately carved facade and minarets are among the most noteworthy edifices carries on the traditional Seljuk Medrese plan. Sifaiye Medresesi is a Medrese built in 1217 in Sivas, Turkey.

The city also contains some of the finest examples of the Ottoman architectural style. Kurşunlu Hamamı (Bath) which was completed in 1576, is the largest bath in the city and it contains many details from the classical Ottoman bath building. Behrampaşa Hanı (Caravansaray), was completed in 1573 and it is famous for its lion motives around its windows.

Atatürk Kongre ve Etnografya Müzesi (Atatürk Congress and Ethnography Museum) is a museum that is dedicated to the Sivas Congress and the ethnographic pieces special to the region.

Sivas is also famous for its thermal springs which have a respectable percentage in the city's income. People believe that the water of these thermal springs can cure many illnesses. The most famous thermal areas are, Sıcak Çermik, Soğuk Çermik and Kangal Balıklı Kaplıca.

Notable natives

References

  1. ^ A.H.M. Jones, The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, 2nd ed. Arnold Hugh Martin ( AHM) Jones ( 9 March 1904 - 9 April 1970) was a prominent 20th century British historian of (Oxford University Press, 1971), 159.

See also

External links

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