Sitting Bull
Sitting Bull in 1885
Born	Hoka-Psice (Jumping Badger), later Tatanka-Iyotanka (Sitting Bull) c. 1831 Near the Grand River, South Dakota
Died	December 15, 1890 Standing Rock Indian Reservation
Nationality	Lakota Sioux
Other names	Hunkesni (Slow), Hoka-Psice (Jumping Badger)
Occupation	Holy man, war chief
Height	5'10"
Spouse	Light Hair, wife Red Woman, wife Four Robes, wife Snow-on-Her, wife Seen-by-her-Nation, wife
Children	One Bull, adopted son Crow Foot, son Many Horses, daughter Walks Looking, daughter, Annie Oakley, adopted daughter
Parents	Tatanka-Iyotanka (Sitting Bull) later (Jumping Bull), father Her-Holy-Door, mother
Relatives	Big Foot, half brother White Bull, nephew
Signature

Sitting Bull (Sioux: Tatanka Iyotake, Tatanka Iyotanka or Ta-Tanka I-Yotank, also nicknamed Slon-he or "Slow"; ca. 1831 – December 15, 1890) was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man, born near the Grand River in South Dakota and killed by police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him and prevent him from supporting the Ghost Dance movement. The Grand River is a tributary of the Missouri River in North Dakota and South Dakota in the United States. South Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Standing Rock Indian Reservation is a Lakota Indian reservation in North Dakota and South Dakota in the United States. The Lakota (laˈkˣota (also Teton, Tetonwan) are a Native American tribe Holy Man is a Film produced in 1998 starring Eddie Murphy, Jeff Goldblum and Kelly Preston. Crow Foot (1876? - December 15, 1890) was the son of Sitting Bull of the Lakota. Big Foot (other known as Jeremy Gouzd (1824? - December 29, 1890) also known as Spotted foot Elk, was the name of a chief of a sub-group White Bull ( Sioux: Pte-san-hunka) (April 1849 &ndash June 21, 1947) was the nephew of Sitting Bull, and a famous warrior Sioux is a Siouan language. Regional variation Sioux has 3 major regional varieties with various sub- Lects Circa (often abbreviated c, ca, ca or cca and sometimes Italicized to show it is Latin) means "about" Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Hunkpapa are a Native American group one of the seven branches of the Lakota Sioux tribe The Lakota (laˈkˣota (also Teton, Tetonwan) are a Native American tribe Sioux (pronounced SUE are a Native American and First Nations people The Grand River is a tributary of the Missouri River in North Dakota and South Dakota in the United States. South Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. The Standing Rock Indian Reservation is a Lakota Indian reservation in North Dakota and South Dakota in the United States. Noted in historical accounts as the Ghost Dance of 1890 the Ghost Dance was a religious movement incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems

He is notable in American and Native American history for his role in the major victory at the Battle of the Little Bighorn against Lt. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The Battle of the Little Bighorn &mdashalso known as Custer's Last Stand, and in the parlance of the relevant Native Americans, the Battle of the Greasy Grass Col. George Armstrong Custer and the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment on June 25, 1876, where Sitting Bull's premonition of defeating the cavalry became reality. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Premonition refers to a situation when future events are foreknown or forecast or foretelling In the months after the battle, Sitting Bull fled the United States to Wood Mountain, Saskatchewan, Canada, where he remained until 1881, at which time he surrendered to American forces. Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A small remnant of his band under Chief Wambligi decided to stay at Wood Mountain. After his return to the United States, he briefly toured as a performer in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26 1846 &ndash January 10 1917 was an American soldier bison hunter and Showman. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26 1846 &ndash January 10 1917 was an American soldier bison hunter and Showman.

After working as a performer, Sitting Bull returned to the Standing Rock Agency in South Dakota. Because of fears that he would use his influence to support the Ghost Dance movement, Indian Affairs authorities ordered his arrest. Noted in historical accounts as the Ghost Dance of 1890 the Ghost Dance was a religious movement incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems History Although the bureau which was called the Office of Indian Affairs was formed in 1824 similar agencies had existed in the U During an ensuing struggle between Sitting Bull's followers and the police, Sitting Bull was shot in the side and head by police after they were fired upon by his supporters. His body was taken to nearby Fort Yates for burial, but in 1953, his remains possibly were exhumed and reburied near Mobridge, South Dakota by Sioux who wanted his body to be nearer to his birthplace. Fort Yates is a city in Sioux County, North Dakota in the United States. Mobridge is a city in Walworth County, South Dakota, United States. However, some Sioux and historians dispute this claim and believe that any remains that were moved were not those of Sitting Bull.

Contents 1 Early life 1.1 Childhood 1.2 Marriage and family 1.3 Status as holy man 2 Warrior life 2.1 Dakota War of 1862 and its aftermath 2.2 Red Cloud's War 2.3 Black Hills War 2.3.1 Battle of Little Bighorn 2.4 Surrender 3 Wild West Show participation 4 Death and burial 5 Legacy 6 See also 7 Footnotes 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links

Early life

Childhood

Sitting Bull was born with the name Hoka-Psice (Jumping Badger), which was understood by members of his tribe as only a temporary name. ^[1] His father was named Tatanka Iyotake (Sitting Bull, who he would later be named after), his mother was named Her-Holy-Door, and he had a sister, six years older than him, named Good Feather. As a youth, Slow excelled at foot races and was an expert horseback rider and was very accurate with a bow and arrow. For the Roman class see Equestrian (Roman Equestrianism refers to the skill of riding or driving Horses This broad description A bow is a Weapon that projects arrows powered by the elasticity of the bow ^[2]

At about the age of 14, Slow participated in a war party that met Crow warriors. The Crow, also called the Absaroka or Apsáalooke, are a tribe of Native Americans who historically lived in the Yellowstone ^[3] He overtook one of the warriors during their retreat, and knocked the Crow off his horse. For this, Slow earned a white eagle feather, symbol of a first coup, and also received the name of his father. Feathers are one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering or Plumage, on Birds They are considered the most complex integumentary structures His father changed his name to Jumping Bull, and henceforth Slow would be known as Tatanka-Iyotanka, or Sitting Bull. ^[4] It was also at this ceremony that Sitting Bull received a personalized shield from his father, which was richly decorated with a scene depicting one of his father's dreams and consecrated by the band's medicine man.

Marriage and family

Sitting Bull's early family history is not clear, but his first marriage likely took place in 1851 to a woman named Pretty Door or Light Hair. ^[5] By 1857, Sitting Bull's marriage to Light Hair produced a son (who died of disease at a young age), but Light Hair died during childbirth. Sitting Bull adopted his nephew, One Bull, at the time of his biological son's death. Also in 1857, Sitting Bull adopted a young Assiniboine as his brother, and he came to be known as Jumping Bull (a tribute to Sitting Bull's father). The Assiniboine, also known by the Ojibwe name Asiniibwaan "Stone Sioux" and the Cree as Asinîpwât are a Siouan ^[6]

Status as holy man

Sitting Bull became a Sioux holy man, or wichasha wakan, during his early twenties. His responsibilities as a holy man included understanding the complex religious rituals and beliefs of the Sioux, and also learning about natural phenomena that were related to the Sioux beliefs. Sitting Bull had an "intense spirituality that pervaded his entire being in his adult years and that fueled a constant quest for an understanding of the universe and of the ways in which he personally could bring its infinite powers to the benefit of his people. "^[7] Sitting Bull also knew techniques of healing and carried medicinal herbs, though he was not a medicine man. " Medicine man " is an English term used to describe Native American spiritual figures such individuals are often viewed by scholars concerned with these

Because of his status as a wichasha wakan, Sitting Bull was a member of the Buffalo Society, a dream society for those who dreamt of buffalo. The American bison ( Bison bison) is a Bovine Mammal, also commonly known as the American buffalo. He also was a member of the Heyoka, a society for those who dreamed of thunderbirds. The Thunderbird is a Legendary creature in North American indigenous peoples' history and culture ^[8]

Warrior life

Dakota War of 1862 and its aftermath

For more details on this topic, see Dakota War of 1862. The Dakota War of 1862 (also known as the Sioux Uprising, Sioux Outbreak of 1862, the Dakota Conflict, the U

As a result of treaty violations by the United States during the late 1850s and early 1860s, eastern bands of the Dakota (one of the three major divisions of the Sioux, along with the Lakota and Nakota) became increasingly agitated with both white settlers and traders alike. Sioux (pronounced SUE are a Native American and First Nations people Sioux (pronounced SUE are a Native American and First Nations people On August 17, 1862, a skirmish between Dakota hunters and white settlers resulted in a Dakota war council decision to attack white settlements throughout southern Minnesota. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers However, by late 1862, the Dakota were forced to surrender and were expelled from Minnesota.

Although the Lakota largely were unaffected by the war, some Dakota refugees (some of whom had refused to surrender to United States forces) from Minnesota moved into Lakota territory along the Missouri River, and Minnesota regiments pursued them. In 1863, Hunkpapa warriors joined with Dakota refugee warriors to fight against the military. However, Col. Henry Sibley defeated them at the Battle of Dead Buffalo Lake on July 26, 1863 and at the Battle of Stony Lake on July 28, 1863. Henry Hastings Sibley, first Governor of the US state of Minnesota, was born in Detroit Michigan on February 20, 1811 The battle of Dead Buffalo Lake was fought between United States forces and Sioux Indians of the Dakota Territory. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Battle of Stony Lake was the last engagement during Henry Hastings Sibley 's campaign against the Santee and Teton Sioux in the Dakota Territory. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[9] Sitting Bull likely participated in both of these battles, and also possibly took part among other Hunkpapa warriors in the Battle of Whitestone Hill on September 3, 1863. The Battle of White Stone Hill was a part of the operations against the Sioux in North Dakota in 1863 Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[10] As in the previous battles, the Army prevailed, killing about 100 Sioux and capturing about 160. ^[11][12]

The Hunkpapa retreated after this defeat, though the Lakota were aware of the military's intentions to continue the fighting. In June 1864, Gen. Alfred Sully led American forces out from Fort Sully (a few miles south of Fort Pierre, South Dakota). Alfred Sully ( 22 May, 1821 - 27 April, 1879) was a Military officer during the American Civil War and during the Fort Pierre is a city in Stanley County, South Dakota, United States. South Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. To counter their advance up the Cannonball River, several bands of the Lakota and Dakota Sioux had assembled in camp at the foot of the Killdeer mountains. The Cannonball River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 135 mi (217 km long in southwestern North Dakota in the United States. Among these several thousand warriors were both Sitting Bull and his elder nephew White Bull, who was preparing to fight in his first battle. White Bull ( Sioux: Pte-san-hunka) (April 1849 &ndash June 21, 1947) was the nephew of Sitting Bull, and a famous warrior ^[13]

At the Battle of Killdeer Mountain, which took place July 28, 1864, the Sioux attacked Sully's assembled forces, but were defeated overwhelmingly by the soldiers' combined artillery and rifles. The Battle of Killdeer Mountain (also known as the Battle of Tahkahokuty Mountain) was a battle in U Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Sitting Bull's uncle, Four Horns, was wounded though survived, and the Sioux retreated. However, they attacked Sully's forces again from August 7 to August 9, 1864, and were defeated again. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Sitting Bull made efforts to persuade the Sioux forces to withdraw, and as a result of his pleas and Sully's second victory, the Sioux pulled back from attacking Sully's column as it continued through the Badlands. ^[14] The several bands broke up after Killdeer Mountain, and Sitting Bull and a group of Hunkpapas moved southeast.

On September 2, 1864, Sitting Bull and the Hunkpapas attacked a wagon train of emigrants led by Capt. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year James L. Fisk that was traveling through Sioux lands. ^[15] Sitting Bull again was wounded, this time through the hip and back. The emigrants forted up and a standoff ensued until the Sioux eventually gave up and retreated to track buffalo. The fighting from 1863 to 1864 caused Sitting Bull to harden his views about the presence of whites in Sioux lands, and he assumed a sense of uncompromising militancy against whites that would characterize him for the rest of his life. ^[16]

Red Cloud's War

Sitting Bull led numerous war parties against Fort Berthold, Fort Stevenson, and Fort Buford and their environs from 1865 through 1868. ^[17] Although Red Cloud was a leader of the Oglala Sioux, his leadership and attacks against forts in the Powder River Country were accompanied by Sitting Bull's guerrilla attacks on emigrant parties and smaller forts throughout the upper Missouri River region. Red Cloud ( Lakota: Makhpiya Luta) (1822? &ndash December 10, 1909) was a war leader of the Oglala Lakota ( Sioux The Oglala Lakota or Oglala Sioux, (ogəˈlala meaning "to scatter one's own" in Siouan, live in the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Sioux (pronounced SUE are a Native American and First Nations people The Powder River Country refers to an area of the Great Plains in northeastern Wyoming in the United States. Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc

By early 1868, the U. S. government desired a peaceful settlement to Red Cloud's War, and agreed to Red Cloud's demands that Forts Phil Kearny and C.F. Smith be abandoned. Red Cloud's War (also referred to as the Bozeman War or the Powder River War) was an armed conflict between the Lakota and the United States in the Fort Phil Kearny was an outpost of the United States Army that existed in the late 1860s in present-day northeastern Wyoming along the Bozeman Trail For the installation which served as part of the defense of Washington D Chief Gall of the Hunkpapas (among other representatives of the Hunkpapas, Blackfeet, and Yankton Sioux) signed a form of the Treaty of Fort Laramie on July 2, 1868 at Fort Rice (near Bismarck, North Dakota). The Sihasapa or "Blackfoot Sioux" are a division of the Titonwan or Teton (also known as Lakota) Sioux. Sioux (pronounced SUE are a Native American and First Nations people The Treaty of Fort Laramie (also called the Sioux Treaty of 1868) was an agreement between the United States and the Lakota nation Yanktonai Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Bismarck is the Capital of the US state of North Dakota, the County seat of Burleigh County, and the second most populous city in North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. ^[18] However, Sitting Bull did not agree to the treaty and continued his hit-and-run attacks on forts in the upper Missouri area throughout the late 1860s and early 1870s. ^[19]

Black Hills War

For more details on this topic, see Black Hills War. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Harper's Weekly ( A Journal of Civilization) was an American political Magazine based in New York City. The Black Hills War (also known as the Great Sioux War or Little Big Horn Campaign) was a series of conflicts between the Lakota ( Sioux)

Sitting Bull's band of the Hunkpapas continued to make attacks on emigrant parties and forts in the late 1860s, but in 1871, the Northern Pacific Railway conducted a survey for a route across the northern plains directly through Hunkpapa lands. The Northern Pacific Railway was a railway that operated in the north-central region of the United States. Surveying is the technique and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional space Position of points and the distances and angles between ^[20] The 1871 survey encountered stiff Sioux resistance, and in 1872, the surveyors were accompanied by federal troops. This survey party also was resisted by Sitting Bull and the Hunkpapa, and was forced to turn back. ^[21] In 1873, the military accompaniment for the surveyors was considerably larger, but Sitting Bull's forces resisted this survey "most vigorously. "^[22]

However, the Panic of 1873 forced the backers (such as Jay Cooke) of the Northern Pacific Railway's into bankruptcy. The Panic of 1873 was the start of the Long Depression, a severe nationwide economic depression in the United States that lasted until 1879 Jay Cooke ( August 10, 1821 - February 8, 1905) American financier was born at Sandusky Ohio, the son of Eleutheros Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against This halted the construction of the railroad through Sioux territory, but also encouraged interest in the possibility of gold mining in the Black Hills. "Gold mine" redirects here See Goldmine for other uses of the term The Black Hills ( Pahá Sápa in Lakota, Moˀȯhta-voˀhonáaeva in Cheyenne) are a small isolated Mountain range rising from the A military expedition led by Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer in 1874 left from Fort Abraham Lincoln, near Bismarck, to explore the Black Hills for gold and to determine a suitable location for a military fort in the Hills. Fort Abraham Lincoln State Park is located seven miles (11 km south of Mandan North Dakota. ^[23] Custer's announcement of gold in the Black Hills triggered the Black Hills Gold Rush and increased tensions between the Sioux and whites seeking to move into the Black Hills. The Black Hills Gold Rush took place in Dakota Territory in the United States, and is general considered to have started 1860 -70 ^[24]

Although Sitting Bull did not attack Custer's expedition in 1874, the government was increasingly pressured to open the Black Hills to mining and settlement based on reports of Sioux depredations (encouraged by Sitting Bull). In November 1875, the government accordingly ordered all Sioux bands outside the Great Sioux Reservation to move onto the reservation, with the knowledge that these bands would not comply. The Great Sioux Reservation was established in the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, and includes all of modern Western South Dakota (commonly known as "West These bands living off the reservation were certified by the Interior Department as hostile on February 1, 1876. The United States Department of the Interior ( DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year ^[25] This certification allowed the military to pursue the Sioux and Sitting Bull.

Battle of Little Bighorn

For more details on this topic, see Battle of the Little Bighorn. The Battle of the Little Bighorn &mdashalso known as Custer's Last Stand, and in the parlance of the relevant Native Americans, the Battle of the Greasy Grass

Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer, a decorated Union veteran of the Civil War, was an ambitious military officer with presidential hopes in the early 1870s. A military decoration is a decoration given to Military personnel or units for Heroism in battle or distinguished service During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three A veteran (from Latin vetus, meaning "old" is a person who has or is working in the armed forces Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South His Civil War exploits and his presence at Lee's surrender at Appomattox had made Custer a household name by the time he began his career fighting the Sioux. Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated Background On April 1, 1865, Maj Gen Philip Sheridan 's Cavalry turned Lee's flank at the Battle of Five Forks. He was well-known among Native Americans and his fame among whites grew ever-larger as the result of a series of controversial battles and early dawn attacks against Native American camps. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States.

Sitting Bull's influence was growing larger as a result of his militant stance against white intrusions on Sioux lands. By the mid-1870s, Sitting Bull had garnered great respect even among other bands of the Sioux, while his guidance also impacted the Northern Cheyenne and the Northern Arrapahoes. ^[26]

On June 25, 1876, Custer’s 7th Cavalry advance party of General Alfred Howe Terry’s column attacked Indian tribes at their camp on the Little Big Horn River expecting a similar victory. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Alfred Howe Terry (November 10 1827 &ndash December 16 1890 was a Union general in the American Civil War and the military commander of the Dakota Territory The U. S. army did not realize that before the battle began, more than 3,000 Native Americans had left their reservations to follow Sitting Bull. The attacking Sioux, inspired by a vision of Sitting Bull’s, in which he saw U. S. soldiers being killed as they entered the tribe’s camp, fought back. Custer's badly outnumbered troops lost ground quickly and were forced to retreat, as they began to realize the true numbers of the Native American force. The tribes then led a counter-attack against the soldiers on a nearby ridge, ultimately annihilating the soldiers. A counterattack

The Native Americans' celebrations were short-lived, however, as public outrage at Custer's death and defeat and the heightened awareness of the remaining Sioux brought thousands more soldiers to the area. Over the next year, the new American military forces pursued the Lakota, forcing many of the Indians to surrender. Sitting Bull refused to surrender and in May 1877 led his band across the border into Saskatchewan, Canada where he remained in exile for many years near Wood Mountain, refusing a pardon and the chance to return. Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Disambiguation not to be confused with Wood Mountain Ski Park in the Comox Land District of B ^[27]

Surrender

Hunger and cold eventually forced Sitting Bull, his family, and nearly 200 other Sioux in his band to return to the United States and surrender on July 19, 1881. The city of Pierre (ˈpɪər "peer") is the Capital of the U Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Sitting Bull had his young son Crow Foot surrender his rifle to the commanding officer of Fort Buford, and he told the soldiers he wished to regard them and the white race as friends. Crow Foot (1876? - December 15, 1890) was the son of Sitting Bull of the Lakota. Fort Buford was a former United States Army base located at the confluence of the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers in the state of North Dakota. Two weeks later, Sitting Bull and his band were transferred to Fort Yates, the military post located adjacent to the Standing Rock Agency. Fort Yates is a city in Sioux County, North Dakota in the United States. The Standing Rock Indian Reservation is a Lakota Indian reservation in North Dakota and South Dakota in the United States.

Arriving with 185 people, his band was kept separate from the other Hunkpapa gathered at the agency. The Hunkpapa are a Native American group one of the seven branches of the Lakota Sioux tribe Army officials remained concerned that the famed Hunkpapa chief would use his influence to stir up trouble among the recently surrendered northern bands. Consequently, the military decided to transfer him and his band to Fort Randall to be held as prisoners of war. The Fort Randall Military Post was established in 1856 to help keep peace on the Frontier. Again loaded on a steamboat, Sitting Bull's band, now totaling 172 people, were sent downriver to Fort Randall where they spent the next 20 months. He was finally allowed to return to the Standing Rock Agency with his band in May 1883.

Wild West Show participation

In 1885, Sitting Bull was allowed to leave the reservation to join Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West show. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26 1846 &ndash January 10 1917 was an American soldier bison hunter and Showman. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26 1846 &ndash January 10 1917 was an American soldier bison hunter and Showman. He earned about $50 a week for riding once around the arena, where he was a popular attraction. Although it is rumored that he often cursed his audiences in his native tongue during the show, some historians argue that he did not,^[28] and there have been reports that Sitting Bull in fact gave speeches relaying his desire for education for the young and the normalization of relations between the Sioux and whites. ^[29] Sitting Bull also was reported to have cursed his audience during an opening address celebrating the completion of the Northern Pacific Railway in 1884. ^[30]

Sitting Bull only stayed with the show for four months before returning home. However, during that time, he had become somewhat of a celebrity and a romanticized freedom fighter. Freedom fighter is a term to describe those that engage in a struggle to achieve freedom for themselves or to free others in some matter He earned a small fortune by charging for his autograph and picture, although he often gave away his money to the homeless and beggars. ^[31] During this time, Sitting Bull realized that his enemies were not limited to the small military and settler communities he had encountered in his homelands, but in fact they were numerous and possessed technological advancements. He also realized that the Sioux would be overwhelmed if they continued to fight.

Death and burial

Sitting Bull returned to the Standing Rock Agency in South Dakota. Because of fears that he would support the Ghost Dance movement, Indian Affairs authorities ordered him arrested. Noted in historical accounts as the Ghost Dance of 1890 the Ghost Dance was a religious movement incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems History Although the bureau which was called the Office of Indian Affairs was formed in 1824 similar agencies had existed in the U During a struggle between Sitting Bull's followers and the police on December 15, 1890, Sitting Bull was shot in the side and head by police after they were fired upon by his supporters. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[32] His body was taken to Fort Yates for burial, but in 1953, his remains were exhumed and reburied near Mobridge, South Dakota by Sioux who wanted his body to be nearer to his birthplace. Fort Yates is a city in Sioux County, North Dakota in the United States. Mobridge is a city in Walworth County, South Dakota, United States. ^[33] However, some Sioux and historians dispute this claim and believe that any remains that were moved were not those of Sitting Bull. ^[34]

Legacy

Following his death, his cabin on the Grand River was taken to Chicago to become part of the 1893 Columbian Exhibition. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The World's Columbian Exposition (also called The Chicago World's Fair) a World's Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary The cabin was exhibited along with Native American dances and a sign that said "War Dance Given Daily. "^[35] Later, Sitting Bull became the subject of or a character in several Hollywood motion pictures, such as Sitting Bull: The Hostile Sioux Indian Chief (1914), Sitting Bull at the Spirit Lake Massacre (1927), Sitting Bull (1954), Buffalo Bill and the Indians or Sitting Bull's History Lesson (1976), and Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (2007). Sitting Bull is a 1954 western film directed by Sidney Salkow. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee is a 2007 television film adapted from the book of the same name by Dee Brown.

As time passed, Sitting Bull's legacy became a product of the public's lasting perception of him as an archetype of Native American resistance movements. Legoland Billund, the first Legoland park, contains a Lego sculpture of Sitting Bull, which is the largest sculpture in the park. Legoland Billund, the original Legoland park opened in 1968 in Billund, Denmark. Legoland is a chain of Lego themed Theme parks Legoland Billund ( Billund Denmark) Legoland Windsor ( Lego, officially trademarked LEGO, is a line of construction Toys manufactured by the Lego Group, a privately On September 14, 1989, the United States Postal Service released a postage stamp featuring a likeness of Sitting Bull with a denomination of 28¢. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) A postage stamp is an adhesive paper evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services ^[36] On March 6, 1996, the Standing Rock Sioux tribal council voted to rename Standing Rock College (formerly Standing Rock Community College) as Sitting Bull College in honor of Sitting Bull. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) The Standing Rock Indian Reservation is a Lakota Indian reservation in North Dakota and South Dakota in the United States. Sitting Bull College is a tribal college in Fort Yates North Dakota.

See also

• Catherine Weldon
• Henry Mabb

Footnotes

RASISUM

References

Further reading

External links

• PBS The West article on Sitting Bull.
• Friends of the Little Bighorn Battlefield article about Ernie LaPointe's efforts to move Sitting Bull's remains to the Little Bighorn Battlefield
• The Sitting Bull Monument Foundation in Mobridge, South Dakota
• "Sitting Bull: A Stone in My Heart" feature-length documentary film on the life of Sitting Bull http://www.sittingbullfilm.com
• Sitting Bull at Find A Grave

Persondata
NAME	Sitting Bull
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Tatanka Iyotake or Tatanka Iyotanka or Ta-Tanka I-Yotank
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Hunkpapa Lakota medicine man and holy man
DATE OF BIRTH	c. Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records The Hunkpapa are a Native American group one of the seven branches of the Lakota Sioux tribe The Lakota (laˈkˣota (also Teton, Tetonwan) are a Native American tribe 1831
PLACE OF BIRTH
DATE OF DEATH	December 15, 1890
PLACE OF DEATH	United States

Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

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