Being close to Babylon, Sippar was an early addition to its empire under Hammurabi

Sippar (Sumerian Zimbir "bird city", modern Tell Abu Habbah, Iraq), was an ancient Sumerian and later Babylonian city on the east bank of the Euphrates, some 60 km north of Babylon. Hammurabi ( Akkadian from Amorite ˤAmmurāpi, "the kinsman is a healer" from ˤAmmu, "paternal kinsman" and Rāpi For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Sumer ( Sumerian: sux-Latn [[Ki (earth ki]]-[[EN (cuneiform en]]-'''ĝir15''', Akkadian: Šumeru; possibly Biblical Shinar Babylonia was an Amorite state in lower Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq) with Babylon as its capital The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת Babylon was a City-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq

It was divided into two parts, "Sippar of the Sun-god" and "Sippar of the goddess Anunit," the former of which was discovered by Hormuzd Rassam in 1881 at Abu Habba, 16 miles southeast of Baghdad. For the Canaanite sun godess see Shemesh Shamash was the common Akkadian name of the Sun-god and god of justice in Babylonia Ishtar ( D IŠTAR 𒀭𒌋𒁯 is the Assyrian and Babylonian counterpart to the Sumerian Inanna and to Hormuzd Rassam (1826 &ndash 16 September, 1910) was an Assyriologist and traveller who made a number of important discoveries including the stone tablets Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous

Sippar is called Sepharvaim in the Old Testament, which alludes to the two parts of the city by its dual form. In Western Christianity, the Old Testament refers to the books that form the first of the two-part Christian Biblical canon. Dual is a Grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and Plural.

Two other Sippars are mentioned in inscriptions, one of them being "Sippar of Eden," which must have been an additional quarter of the city. It is possible that one of the "Sippars" might be identified with Akkad, the capital of the first Semitic Empire.

The main god of the city was the Sumerian Sun god, Utu (Shamash in Akkadian). This article refers to the Sumerian Deity. For other uses see Utu (disambiguation. For the Canaanite sun godess see Shemesh Shamash was the common Akkadian name of the Sun-god and god of justice in Babylonia

Archaeology

A large number of cuneiform tablets and other artifacts have been found in the ruins of the temple of Shamash, which was called E-Babara by the Sumerians, Bit-Un by the Semites. É is the Sumerian for "house" or " Temple " written ideographically with the Cuneiform sign 𒂍 (Borger nr Sumer ( Sumerian: sux-Latn [[Ki (earth ki]]-[[EN (cuneiform en]]-'''ĝir15''', Akkadian: Šumeru; possibly Biblical Shinar In Linguistics and Ethnology, Semitic (from the Biblical " Shem " Hebrew שם translated as "name" Arabic: ساميّ This temple is thought to be the world's oldest bank, in operation until at least 1831 BC. ^[1]

Xisuthros, the "Chaldean Noah", is said by Berossus to have buried the records of the antediluvian world here--possibly because the name of Sippar was supposed to be connected with sipru, "a writing". The Sumerian creation myth, the earliest account of the Sumerian creation and Flood myth, is found on a single fragmentary tablet excavated Berossus (also Berossos or Berosus; Greek: Βήρωσσος was a Hellenistic -era Babylonian writer and astronomer who The word antediluvian (synPrediluvian ( Latin for "before the deluge") is used to describe a period of time that preceded the Great Flood And according to Abydenus, Nebuchadnezzar excavated a great reservoir in the neighbourhood. Abydenus (Gr) was a Greek Historian, and the author of a History of the Chaldeans and Assyrians, of which some fragments are preserved by Nebuchadrezzar II, more often called Nebuchadnezzar (c 630-562 BC was a ruler of Babylon in the Chaldean Dynasty, who reigned c Here too was the Babylonian camp in the reign of Nabonidos. Nabonidus ( Akkadian Nabû-nāʾid) was the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, reigning from 556-539 BCE

Pliny (Natural History 6. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author Naturalis Historia ( Latin for "Natural History" is an Encyclopedia written Circa AD 77 by Pliny the Elder. 30. 123) mentions a sect, or school of Chaldeans called the Hippareni. It is often assumed that this name refers to Sippar (especially because the other two schools mentioned seem to be named after cities as well: the Orcheni after Uruk, and the Borsippeni after Borsippa), but this is not universally accepted. Uruk ( URU UNUG, Sumerian: unug Akkadian: uruk) from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian Toponym 'unug' is modern Borsippa (modern Birs Nimrud site Iraq) was an important ancient city of Sumer, built on both sides of a lake about 17 ^[2]

References

1. ^ Benjamin Bromberg (1942). "The Origin of Banking: Religious Finance in Babylonia". The Journal of Economic History 2 (1): 77–88.  
2. ^ "It is usually assumed that the Hippareni refers to Sippar (Ptolemy's Sippara), but even that requires proof, since the change of ‘s’ to ‘h’ is strange. " —R. D. Barnett (1963). "Xenophon and the Wall of Media". The Journal of Hellenic Studies 83: 14. doi:10.2307/628451. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.