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Sinology in general use is the study of China and things related to China, but, especially in the American academic context, refers more strictly to the study of classical language and literature, and the philological approach. Its origin, says one recent survey, "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization. " [1] Sino- is derived from Latin Sinae ("the Chinese"), the origin of which is debatable. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

In the context of area studies, the European and the American usages differ. In the Humanities and Social sciences, area studies are Interdisciplinary fields of research and scholarship pertaining to a particular geographical In Europe, sinology is usually known as Chinese Studies whereas in the United States Sinology is a subfield of Chinese Studies.

This article contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. Mojibake is the happenstance of incorrect unreadable characters (garbage characters shown when Computer software fails to render a text correctly according to its associated A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese (

History

In the Asian Sinosphere, the studies of China-related subjects began early. Sinosphere, also known as Chinese world, Chinese cultural sphere or Chinese-character cultural sphere ( a term coined by linguist James Matisoff In Japan, sinology was known as shinagaku (支那学 "China Studies") or kangaku (漢学 "Han Studies"). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. In China, the studies of China-related subjects is known as Guoxue (国学/國學 "National Studies"), and sinology is translated as Hanxue (汉学/漢學 "Han Studies").

In the West, some would date the origins of sinology as far back as Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta in the 13th and 14th century, but the systematic study of China began in the 16th century, when missionaries, notably Matteo Ricci, introduced Christianity to China. The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings Marco Polo ( September 15 1254 – January 9 1324 at earliest but no later than June 1325 was a Venetian trader and explorer Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Al Lawati Al Tanji Ibn Battuta (أبو عبد الله محمد ابن عبد الله اللواتي الطنجي بن بطوطة (born February A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. Matteo Ricci SJ ( October 6 1552 &ndash May 11 1610;; Courtesy name: 西泰 Xītài was an Italian Jesuit priest Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The first Sinologist of Eastern Europe was Nicolae Milescu (1636-1708). Nicolae Milescu or Neculai Milescu (1636&mdash1708 also known as Spătarul Milescu-Cârnu - Chancellor Milescu the Snub-nosed (in Early sinological research often concentrated on the compatibility of Christianity with Chinese culture.

During the Age of Enlightenment, sinologists started to introduce Chinese philosophy, ethics, legal system, and aesthetics into the West. The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century Though often unscientific and incomplete, their works inspired the development of Chinoiserie and a series of debates comparing Chinese and Western cultures. Chinoiserie, a French term signifying "Chinese-esque" refers to a recurring theme in European artistic styles since the seventeenth century which reflecting At that time, sinologists often described China as an enlightened kingdom, comparing it to Europe, which had just emerged from the Dark Ages. This article is about the phrase "Dark Age(s" as a characterization of the Early Middle Ages in Western Europe Among those European literati interested in China was Voltaire, who wrote the play L'orphelin de la Chine inspired by the Orphan of Zhao, and Leibniz who penned his famous Novissima Sinica (News from China). François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French The Orphan of Zhao, or Orphan of the House Tcho (趙氏孤兒 is a Chinese play of the Yuan Dynasty, attributed to someone named

In 1732 a missionary priest from the kingdom of Naples, Matteo Ripa, created in Naples the first Sinology School of the European Continent: the "Chinese Institute", the first nucleus of what would become today's Università degli studi di Napoli L'Orientale, or Naples Eastern University. The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the Polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of the southern Italian The University of Naples "L'Orientale" ( Italian: Università degli Studi di Napoli "L'Orientale") is a university located in Naples, The Jesuit Matteo Ripa had worked as a painter and copper-engraver at the Manchu court of the emperor Kangxi between 1711 and 1723. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in The Kangxi Emperor ( Mongolian Enkh Amgalan Khaan, May 4, 1654 &ndash December 20, 1722) was the third Emperor of In 1732 he returned to Naples from China with four young Chinese Christians, all teachers of their native language and formed the Institute sanctioned by Pope Clement XII to teach Chinese to missionaries and thus advance the propagation of Christianity in China. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the See Corsini for other uses of that name Pope Clement XII ( April 7, 1652 &ndash February 6,

In 1814, a chair of Chinese and Manchu was founded at Collège de France. Manchu is a Tungusic language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin The Collège de France is a higher education and research establishment ( Grand établissement) located in Paris, France, in the 5th arrondissement Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, who taught himself Chinese, filled the position, becoming the first Chinese professor in Europe. Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat ( September 5, 1788 &ndash June 4, 1832) was a French Sinologist. By that the first Russian Sinologist, Nikita Bichurin, had been living in Beijing for ten years. Nikita Yakovlevich Bichurin (Никита Яковлевич Бичурин ( August 29, 1777 &ndash May 11, 1853) better known under his monastic Abel-Rémusat's counterparts in England and Germany were Samuel Kidd (1797–1843) and Wilhelm Schott (1807-1889) respectively, though the first important secular sinologists in these two countries were James Legge and Hans Georg Conon von der Gabelentz. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Life James Legge was born at Huntly, Aberdeenshire, and educated at Aberdeen Grammar School and then Kings College Aberdeen. Hans Georg Conon von der Gabelentz ( 16 March 1840 - 11 December 1893) was a German general linguist and Sinologist Secular scholars gradually came to outnumber missionaries, and in the 20th century sinology slowly gained a substantial presence in Western universities. In modern history, sinology has seen its influence in politics, due to its role in think tanks. A think tank (also called a policy institute) is an organization institute corporation or group that conducts Research and engages in advocacy in areas such

References

  1. ^ Harriet Zurndorfer, Introduction, China Bibliography p. 4.

Sinologists

See List of Sinologists

Journals

See also

References

External links

Dictionary

Sinology

-noun

  1. The study of the history, language and culture of China
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