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Simhah ben Samuel of Vitry, (d. 1105), (Hebrew: שמחה בן שמואל מויטרי) was a French Talmudist of the 11th and 12th centuries, pupil of Rashi, and the compiler of the Vitry Machzor. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history For the astrological concept see Rāshi (Jyotiṣa. Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, (רבי שלמה יצחקי better known by the acronym Rashi

Contents

The Vitry Machzor

The Vitry Machzor contains decisions and rules concerning religious practise, besides responsa by Rashi and other authorities, both contemporary and earlier. For the astrological concept see Rāshi (Jyotiṣa. Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, (רבי שלמה יצחקי better known by the acronym Rashi The work is cited as early as the 12th century in R. Jacob Tam's Sefer ha-Yashar (No. R Tam redirects here For the character in Firefly, see River Tam. 620) as having been compiled by Simchah; and the sources from which the compiler took his material – the Seder Rav Amram, the Halakot Gedolot, and others—also are mentioned. Amram Gaon ( עמרם גאון) (died 875 was a famous Gaon or head of the Jewish Talmud Academy of Sura ( Simeon Kayyara ( Hebrew: ????? ?????) was a Jewish-Babylonian Halakist of the first half of the 9th century R. Isaac the Elder, a grandson of Simchah, also refers (responsum No. Isaac ben Samuel the Elder of Dampierre ( Hebrew: יצחק הזקן בן שמואל), known as the or " Ri " (ר"י הזקן was 835, in Mordekai, on M. Ḳ. ) to the Vitry Machzor compiled by his grandfather. Various additions were afterward made to this machzor, a large proportion of which, designated by the letter ת (= "tosafot"), are by R. Isaac ben Dorbolo (Durbal). Isaac ben Dorbolo was a Rabbi, about 1150 He traveled much and knew Poland Russia Bohemia France and Germany from his own observations The latter often appends his name to such additions; and in one place he says plainly: "These explanations were added by me, Isaac b. Dorbolo; but the following is from the Machzor of R. Simchah of Vitry himself". [1] Other additions are by Abraham ben Nathan Yarhi, author of Ha-Manhig, and are designated by the letters אב"ן, his initials. Abraham ben Nathan Ha-Yarchi ( Hebrew: אברהם בן נתן הירחי) was a Provençal rabbi and scholar born in the second half of the twelfth century

Extant manuscripts of the Machzor

Three manuscripts of the Vitry Machzor are extant, the oldest of which, according to Abraham Berliner in his additions to Hurwitz's introduction to the Vitry Machzor (p. Abraham (Adolf Berliner ( May 2, 1833 – 1915 ( Hebrew: אברהם ברלינר) was a German theologian and historian born in Obersitzko 172), is that in Reggio. It contains the Vitry Machzor proper without any additions. A second manuscript, in the Bodleian Library, Oxford (Neubauer, Cat. The Bodleian Library ( the main Research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in England Bodl. Hebr. MSS. No. 1100), is said to have marginal annotations by Eleazar ben Judah, author of the Sefer ha-Rokeach (Michael, Or ha-Chayim. Eleazar ben Judah ben Kalonymus of Worms ( Hebrew: אלעזר מוורמס, also Elazar Rokeach or Rokeiach) (c No. 1214). The third manuscript is in the British Museum (Cod. The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London. Add. Nos. 27,200 and 27,201), and contains still other additions; this manuscript served as basis for S. Hurwitz's edition of the Vitry Machzor published by the Meḳiẓe Nirdamim Society (Berlin, 1893). The Mekitze Nirdamim literally "awakening the slumbering" was a Society for the Publication of old Hebrew books and Manuscripts that The edition is very faulty, as the editor used no critical judgment in his work; instead of the original treatises it contains some from the Sefer ha-Terumah of Baruch ben Isaac and from the Eshkol of Ravad. Baruch ben Isaac (fl1200 was a Tosafist and codifier who was born at Worms, but lived at Regensburg; he is sometimes called after the one and sometimes Rabbeinu Abraham ben David was a Provençal rabbi, a great commentator on the Talmud, Sefer Halachot of rabbi Yitzhak Alfasi and [2]

Additions to the Machzor proper

The Vitry Machzor contains many prayers and liturgical poems (piyyutim), which are distributed throughout the work. See also Religious Jewish music A piyyut (plural piyyutim, Hebrew פיוט pijút and) is a Jewish liturgical poem usually designated Besides these scattered poems the British Museum manuscript has (pp. 239-260) a collection of piyyutim which was published by Brody under the title Ḳonṭres ha-Piyyutim. (Berlin, 1894). In the published edition of this Machzor there is also a commentary on the Pesach Haggadah, which, however, does not agree with that by R. Simchah b. Samuel of Vitry printed at Vilna in 1886. The latter commentary, which agrees with the one cited by Abudraham as being found in the Vitry Machzor, was taken from a manuscript of that machzor—probably from the parchment copy owned by the Vilna Gaon [3], although no particular manuscript is mentioned in the Vilna edition itself. David ben Josef ben David Abudraham (fl 1340 ( Hebrew: דוד אבודרהם) or Abudarham was a rishon who lived at Seville Spain Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman, known as the Vilna Gaon or Elijah of Vilna and simply by his Hebrew Acronym Gra (" G aon

There is also in the published edition of the Vitry Machzor a commentary on the Pirke Avot. Pirkei Avot / Ovos (Ethics of the Fathers פרקי אבות is a tractate of the Mishna composed of ethical maxims of the Rabbis of the Mishnaic period This commentary is found in the British Museum manuscript, but in neither of the others. It is really a commentary by Jacob ben Samson, the pupil of Rashi (concerning whom comp. Schechter, Einleitung zu Abot des R. Natan, p. ix. ), amplified in the present Machzor. Many midrashic sayings, which are cited as such in the Vitry Machzor, have been preserved in that work alone. Thus the passage cited (p. 332) from the Midrash Tehillim is no longer found in the present midrash of that name. Midrash ( Hebrew: מדרש plural midrashim, lit "to repeat" is a Hebrew term referring to the not exact but comparative ( homiletic Likewise there are found in the Vitry Machzor citations from the Jerusalem Talmud which are lacking in the existing editions of the latter. The Jerusalem Talmud or Talmud Yerushalmi (תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשָׁלְמִי often the Yerushalmi for short is a collection

Footnotes

  1. ^ Vitry Machzor, p. 244
  2. ^ Vitry Machzor, pp. 752 et seq.
  3. ^ Rav Pe'alim, p. 19

Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography

This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain. The Jewish Encyclopedia was an Encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

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