- See also: Simba Makoni presidential campaign, 2008
| Dr. In January 2008 the BBC reported that Simba Makoni might be nominated to run against Mugabe in the 2008 presidential election. Simbarashe Makoni | |
 Simba Makoni in 2008 |
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Minister of Finance and Economic Development
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| In office July 2000 – August 2002 |
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| President | Robert Mugabe |
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| Vice President | Joseph Msika Joyce Mujuru |
| Succeeded by | Herbert Muchemwa Murerwa |
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| Born | 22 March 1950  Southern Rhodesia |
| Nationality |  Zimbabwean |
| Political party |  ZANU-PFUntil 2008 Simba Makoni Party2008 onwards |
| Spouse | Chipo |
| Children | Takura Makoni Tonderai Makoni (deceased) Tafara Makoni |
| Residence | Zimbabwe, South Africa |
| Alma mater | Leeds University, Leicester Polytechnic (UK) |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Profession | Chemist, Business consultant |
| Religion | Christian |
| Website | http://www.smakoni.com/ |
| The website offers details of his campaign for the presidency. Joseph Msika (born December 6 1923) has served as Vice President of Zimbabwe since 23 December 1999. Joice Mujuru (born April 15, 1955 as Joice Mugari is a Zimbabwean politician currently serving as one of two Vice-Presidents of Zimbabwe along with Herbert Muchemwa Murerwa (born July 31 1941) served as the Minister of Finance in the Government of Zimbabwe from 1996 to 2000 from August 2002 to February Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British Colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa, and known today as Zimbabwe See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF is a Zimbabwean Political party that was the ruling government in Zimbabwe 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The University of Leeds is a major teaching and research University in Leeds, West Yorkshire; one of the largest in the United Kingdom with De Montfort University ( DMU) is a British university situated in Leicester, England. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person A chemist is a Scientist trained in the Science of Chemistry. Management consulting refers to both the industry of and the practice of helping organizations improve their performance primarily through the analysis of existing business problems A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth | |
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Simbarashe Herbert Stanley Makoni (born March 22, 1950[1]) is a Zimbabwean politician and a candidate for the March 2008 presidential election. A parliamentary election was held in Zimbabwe on March 31, 2005 to elect members to the Zimbabwe House of Assembly. A parliamentary election was held in Zimbabwe on March 29 2008 to elect members to both the House of Assembly and the Senate |||} Zimbabwe is divided into 8 Provinces and 2 cities with provincial status Bulawayo (city Harare (city Manicaland |||} The Provinces of Zimbabwe are divided into 59 districts and 1200 municipalities |||} The Districts of Zimbabwe are divided into 1200 municipal wards There are widespread reports of systematic and escalating violations of human rights in Zimbabwe under the Mugabe administration and his party ZANU-PF. The Foreign relations of Zimbabwe emphasize a close relationship with the People's Republic of China and South Africa, nations with close economic ties to Zimbabwe Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election The Republic of Zimbabwe held a presidential election along with a parliamentary election on March 29, 2008. [2][3] He was Minister of Finance and Economic Development in President Robert Mugabe's cabinet from 2000 to 2002. He faced strong opposition during the Economic Change in Zimbabwe in the early 2000s as his policies contradicted those of the rest of the ZANU-PF party. The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF is a Zimbabwean Political party that was the ruling government in Zimbabwe [4]
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Background
Makoni trained as a chemist in the UK during the Second Chimurenga years. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Rhodesian Bush War, also known as the Second Chimurenga or the Zimbabwe Liberation Struggle, was a war which lasted from July 1964 to 1979 and During his studies he represented the Zimbabwe African National Union in Europe. The Zimbabwe African National Union was a militant organization that fought against White minority rule in Rhodesia, formed as a split from the Zimbabwe African He earned his B. Sc. at Leeds University and a Ph. The University of Leeds is a major teaching and research University in Leeds, West Yorkshire; one of the largest in the United Kingdom with D. at Leicester Polytechnic in medicinal chemistry. De Montfort University ( DMU) is a British university situated in Leicester, England. He also owns a farm in Headlands. [5]
Political career
Post-independence
Makoni was appointed Deputy Minister of Agriculture at Zimbabwe's independence in 1980, when he was thirty years old. [1][4] In 1981, he was moved to the position of Minister of Industry and Energy Development, where he remained until 1983. [1] He was then elected as the Executive Secretary of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), serving in that post for ten years; subsequently, he was Managing Director of Zimbabwe Newspapers from 1994 to 1997. The Southern African Development Community ( SADC) is an Inter-governmental organization. [1]
He eventually returned to the Cabinet when he was appointed Minister of Finance by Mugabe on July 15, 2000, following the June 2000 parliamentary election. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Zimbabwe parliamentary elections of 2000 to the Zimbabwe House of Assembly were held on June 24 - 25. [6] As Finance Minister, he supported the devaluation of the Zimbabwean dollar, a policy that was not favored by Mugabe, and he was replaced by Herbert Murerwa in the cabinet named on August 25, 2002. Devaluation is a reduction in the value of a Currency with respect to other monetary units The dollar is the Currency of Zimbabwe. It is subdivided into 100 cents. Herbert Muchemwa Murerwa (born July 31 1941) served as the Minister of Finance in the Government of Zimbabwe from 1996 to 2000 from August 2002 to February Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. [7] It was reported in 2003 that he was favored by some in ZANU-PF and the opposition Movement for Democratic Change, as well as African mediators, as a potential replacement for Mugabe. The Movement for Democratic Change ( MDC) is a Zimbabwean Political party. [8]
Presidential candidacy
In January 2008, the BBC reported that Simba Makoni might be nominated to run against Mugabe in the March 2008 presidential election. The Republic of Zimbabwe held a presidential election along with a parliamentary election on March 29, 2008. [9] Makoni attempted to run in the concurrent 2008 parliamentary election as ZANU-PF's candidate for the House of Assembly from the constituency of Makoni Central, but he was barred from standing in the party primary (in which he would have faced Justice Minister Patrick Chinamasa); it was judged that he had submitted his curriculum vitae too late to qualify. A parliamentary election was held in Zimbabwe on March 29 2008 to elect members to both the House of Assembly and the Senate The House of Assembly of Zimbabwe is the Lower chamber of the country's Bicameral Parliament. Makoni Central is a newly created constituency which will elect a representative to the Zimbabwe House of Assembly in the March 2008 parliamentary election. Patrick Chinamasa is a Zimbabwean politician currently serving as the Minister of Justice Legal and Parliamentary Affairs [10]
On February 5, 2008, Simba Makoni held a press conference in Harare where he stated that he was challenging Robert Mugabe to become the next President of Zimbabwe. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Harare (həˈrɑreɪ or /həˈrɑri/ formerly Salisbury) is the Capital of Zimbabwe. [2] Up to that point he had remained a member of the ZANU-PF Politburo and the party's Deputy Secretary of Economic Affairs. [11]
He told reporters, flanked by Ibo Mandaza and Retired Major Kudzai Mbudzi[12]:
"Following very extensive and intensive consultations with party members and activists countrywide, and also with others outside the party, I have accepted the call and hereby advise the people of Zimbabwe that I offer myself as candidate for the office of president. . . I share the agony and anguish of all citizens over the extreme hardships that we all have endured for nearly 10 years now. . . I also share the widely held view that these hardships are a result of failure of national leadership and that change at that level is a pre-requisite for change at other levels of national endeavour. "
– Makoni, [2]
Makoni said that he would have liked to run as ZANU-PF's candidate, but since he could not, he was running as an independent. [13] He later said that his conclusion that political change was necessary was not the result of a "St. -Paul-on-the-road-to-Damascus awakening. This has been a continuum, incremental, things have been building up. "[14]
Joseph Chinotimba, a war veteran who led the violent invasions of white owned farms in 2000, threatened Makoni with violence following the announcement of his candidature. Joseph Chinotimba is a Zimbabwean political figure He rose to prominence during the invasions of white owned commercial farms that started after the 2000 referendum [15] A leading figure in ZANU-PF, Emmerson Mnangagwa, told ZBC TV that by choosing to stand for a position when the party had already chosen someone to stand for that position, Makoni had expelled himself from the party. Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa (born 15 September 1946) is a Zimbabwean politician The Herald newspaper denounced Makoni as being a pawn of the United Kingdom whose candidacy was being used in hopes of splitting the ZANU-PF vote so that Morgan Tsvangirai of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) could win the election. Morgan Richard Tsvangirai ( English ˈtʃæŋgəˈraɪ Shona ts͡ɸaŋgiˈra The Movement for Democratic Change ( MDC) is a Zimbabwean Political party. [16]
Speaking on February 7, Makoni denied claims that he was a Western pawn or that he was being used by ZANU-PF itself to split the opposition vote. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince He also said that the ZANU-PF constitution did not provide for self-expulsion and that still considered himself a member of ZANU-PF until and unless he is expelled from the party through due process. Referring to support he claims to have inside ZANU-PF, he urged these supporters to "remain steadfast and not be intimidated". [17] ZANU-PF spokesman Nathan Shamuyarira subsequently sought to clarify the matter by saying that Makoni was expelled from the party, in accordance with party rules providing for the expulsion of a member who challenges a designated ZANU-PF candidate in an election, and he said that anyone who supported Makoni would be expelled as well. Morgan Tsvangirai said on February 11 that Makoni was merely "old wine in a new bottle" and that he would not ally with Makoni for the election. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. [18]
Mugabe spoke about Makoni's candidacy for the first time on February 21, describing it as "absolutely disgraceful", comparing Makoni to a prostitute, and criticizing Makoni for what he considered a self-important attitude. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland [19][20]
Endorsements
When Makoni announced his candidature, he stated that many in ZANU-PF particularly the political "heavyweights" would publicly announce their support for him. This triggered intense speculation that the vice president's husband and retired army commander, Solomon Mujuru would declare his support for him. Solomon Mujuru, also known as Rex Nhongo (born May 1, 1949) led Robert Mugabe 's guerrilla forces during the independence war However, no such heavyweights came forward. [21] [22]
On February 15, Arthur Mutambara, the leader of another MDC faction not led by Tsvangirai, said that he would not run for President and that his faction would instead back Makoni. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Arthur Guseni Oliver Mutambara (born 25 May 1966 is a Zimbabwean politician [23]
At the opening of Makoni's campaign on February 29, former Interior Minister Dumiso Dabengwa and former Speaker of Parliament Cyril Ndebele were present to support him. Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours Dumiso Dabengwa (born December 6 1939) is a Zimbabwean politician [24] Also present at White City hall where Makoni launched his campaign was Edgar Tekere who vowed to de-campaign Mugabe until election time. Edgar Zivanai Tekere (born April 1 1937) is a Zimbabwean Politician.
Fay Chung the former Zimbabwe Minister of Education and Culture and currently an independent candidate in the March 2008 senatorial elections has also formally endorsed Makoni. Fay Chung [25]
Presidential Campaign of March 2008
Sanctions
Mr Makoni does not agree with the incumbent that Zimbabwe's economic downturn is caused by sanctions imposed by the west. The Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act (S 494 is an act passed by the United States Congress which sanctioned Zimbabwe for its involvement in
Makoni:
Muchechetere:The Zimbabwe Democracy Bill or Act was not promulgated against the people of Zimbabwe, it was promulgated against. . . [interrupted]
Makoni:But it's hurting the people of Zimbabwe. Your own people, the ones you say you want to lead.
Muchechetere:No no no you receiving lies about that. [interrupted]
Makoni:No no but we are feeling it everywhere. [interrupted]
No no president Mugabe is lying. The Zimbabwe Democracy Bill was targeted at leadership that's corrupt.
– Makoni interviewed by Happison Muchechetere the ZTV election program aired on March 27th 2008
Presidential Election Standing
Official results indicated that Makoni had received 8. 3% of the vote, finishing third. [26]
Controversy
Officers investigating a $25,000 scam that rocked SADC in 1993, implicated Makoni. He accepted full responsibility for this. [27]
See also
- Solomon Mujuru
- Arthur Mutambara
- Edgar Tekere
- Jonathan Moyo
- Fay Chung
- Robert Mugabe
- Morgan Tsvangirai
References
- ^ a b c d Profile at campaign site. Solomon Mujuru, also known as Rex Nhongo (born May 1, 1949) led Robert Mugabe 's guerrilla forces during the independence war Arthur Guseni Oliver Mutambara (born 25 May 1966 is a Zimbabwean politician Edgar Zivanai Tekere (born April 1 1937) is a Zimbabwean Politician. Jonathan Nathaniel Moyo (born 12 January 1957) is a political figure in Zimbabwe. Fay Chung Morgan Richard Tsvangirai ( English ˈtʃæŋgəˈraɪ Shona ts͡ɸaŋgiˈra
- ^ a b c Fanuel Jongwe, "Ex-minister takes on Mugabe", AFP (The Times, South Africa), February 5, 2008.
- ^ Sylvia Manika and Blessing Zulu, "Former Finance Minister Makoni Jumps Into Zimbabwe Presidential Race", VOA News, February 5, 2008.
- ^ a b Basildon Peta, "Mugabe faces first real challenge as former minister launches bid to take presidency", The Independent (UK), February 6, 2008.
- ^ Simba Makoni [1]
- ^ "Mugabe drops key men from new cabinet", Reuters (IOL), July 15, 2000.
- ^ "Mugabe names new cabinet", Sapa-AFP (IOL), August 25, 2002.
- ^ John Battersby, "Is Mugabe on the way out?", Saturday Star (IOL), May 3, 2003.
- ^ "Mugabe faces rival inside party", BBC News, January 14, 2008 (accessed February 07, 2008).
- ^ "Makoni humiliated as Zanu PF rejects his bid for MP", newzimbabwe. com, February 5, 2008.
- ^ Spiwe Ncube, "Zanu (PF) heavyweights lose primary polls", zimdaily. com, February 6, 2008.
- ^ Mbudzi warns CIO [2]
- ^ "Makoni: Mugabe's Waterloo", Daily News (South Africa), February 7, 2008, page 15.
- ^ Peta Thornycroft, "Zimbabwe Presidential Candidate Says Nation Suffering Under Mugabe", VOA News, February 29, 2008.
- ^ The Herald [3](accessed February 07, 2008)
- ^ "Makoni has expelled himself from Zanu PF – Mnangagwa", AFP (newzimbabwe. com), February 6, 2008 (accessed February 7, 2008).
- ^ "I am my own man, says determined Makoni", Reuters (IOL), February 8, 2008.
- ^ "Mugabe rival expelled from party", BBC News, 12 February 2008.
- ^ "Mugabe labels rebel former finance minister 'prostitute'", AFP, February 21, 2008.
- ^ Lebo Nkatazo, "Mugabe says Makoni 'worse than a prostitute'", newzimbabwe. com, February 21, 2008.
- ^ "journalists from both the local and international media were annoyed with Makoni’s campaign team for misleading them into believing that retired General Solomon Mujuru, Ray Kaukonde and other Zanu PF heavyweights would publicly declare their support for Makoni", The Standard, March 22,2008
- ^ "Makoni camp suffers setback", Zimbabwe Independent, March 20,2008
- ^ Fikile Mapala, "Mutambara withdraws from race, backs Makoni", newzimbabwe. com, February 15, 2008.
- ^ "Rival wins key supporter", BBC News, March 1, 2008.
- ^ "Ex- Zim Minister Confirms Backing Makoni, vying for Senatorial Seat", The Zimbabwe Gazette, March 4,2008
- ^ (English) "Zimbabwe announces poll results", BBC, 2 mai 2008
- ^ "Makoni left Sadc in 1993, three years after it was rocked by a $25 000 financial scam", allArica. com, February 1,2008
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