Sillago Fossil range: Early Oligocene to Present[1]
Sillago argentifasciata being sold in a Philippine supermarket. The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene period and extends from about 33
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Suborder: Percoidea Family: Sillaginidae Genus: Sillago Cuvier, 1816
Species
Sillago aeolus Sillago analis Sillago arabica Sillago argentifasciata Sillago asiatica Sillago attenuata Sillago bassensis Sillago boutani Sillago burrus Sillago chondropus Sillago ciliata Sillago flindersi Sillago indica Sillago ingenuua Sillago intermedius Sillago japonica Sillago lutea Sillago macrolepis Sillago maculata Sillago megacephalus Sillago microps Sillago nierstraszi Sillago parvisquamis Sillago robusta Sillago schomburgkii Sillago sihama Sillago soringa Sillago vincenti Sillago vittata

Sillago is one of three genera in the family Sillaginidae containing the smelt-whitings, and contains 29 species, making Sillago the only non-monotypic genus in the family. Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes. The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all bony Fish and are the largest order of vertebrates. Percoidea is a Superfamily of Fish of the order Perciformes. The Sillaginidae, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. The oriental trumpeter whiting, Sillago aeolus, is a widely distributed species of benthic inshore fish in the smelt-whiting family The golden lined whiting, Sillago analis (also known as the Tin Can Bay whiting or rough-scale whiting) is a Species of Inshore The shortnose whiting, Sillago arabica, is a recently described and poorly known Species of Inshore marine Fish of the smelt whiting The silver-banded whiting, Sillago argentifasciata, is a narrowly distributed Species of Inshore marine Fish of the smelt whiting The Asian whiting, Sillago asiatica, is a Species Inshore marine Fish in the smelt whiting family Sillaginidae, distributed The Slender whiting, Sillago attenuata, is a poorly known Species of Inshore marine Fish of the smelt whiting family Sillaginidae The southern school whiting, Sillago bassensis, (also known as the silver whiting or trawl whiting) is a common Species of coastal marine fish Boutan's whiting, Sillago boutani, is a poorly understood Species of coastal marine fish of the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae that inhabits The western trumpeter whiting, Sillago burrus, is a species of marine Fish of the smelt whiting family Sillaginidae that is commonly found along The club-foot whiting, Sillago chondropus, (also known as the Horrelvoet sillago) is a Coastal marine Fish of the smelt whiting family The sand whiting, Sillago ciliata, (also known as the summer whiting or blue-nose whiting) is a common species of coastal marine Fish The eastern school whiting, Sillago flindersi (also known as the redspot whiting and the Bass Strait whiting) is a Species of Benthic The Indian whiting, Sillago indica, is a poorly known Species of Coastal marine Fish of the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae The bay whiting, Sillago ingenuua, is a species of Coastal marine Fish of the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae. The Thai whiting, Sillago intermedius, is a species of Coastal marine Fish of the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae. The Japanese whiting, Sillago japonica, (also known as the Japanese sillago or Shiro-gisu) is a common species of Coastal marine The mud whiting, Sillago lutea, is a species of Coastal marine Fish in the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae. The large-scale whiting, Sillago macrolepis, is a poorly understood species of Coastal marine Fish of the smelt- whiting family Sillaginidae The trumpeter whiting, Sillago maculata, (also known as the winter whiting or diver whiting) is a common species of Coastal marine The large-headed whiting, Sillago megacephalus, is a dubious Species of coastal marine fish in the smelt-whiting family that has only been recorded The small-eyed whiting, Sillago microps, is a poorly known Species of Coastal marine Fish of the smelt-whiting family The rough whiting, Sillago nierstraszi, is a dubious Species of Coastal marine Fish in the smelt-whiting family The small-scale whiting, Sillago parvisquamis (also known as the blue whiting) is a species of Inshore marine Fish of the smelt-whiting The northern whiting, Sillago sihama (also known as the silver whiting and sand smelt) is a marine Fish, the most widespread and The Soringa whiting, Sillago soringa (also known simply as Soringa or Soringa sillago) is a poorly known Species of Coastal The estuarine whiting, Sillago vincenti (also known as Vincent's whiting) is a Species of Benthic Inshore marine The western school whiting, Sillago vittata (also known as the banded whiting, golden whiting and bastard whiting) is a Species A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic The Sillaginidae, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Monotypic is an adjective that refers to a taxonomic group with only one type: In Botany, "monotypic" means that a Taxon has only Distinguishing among Sillago species can be difficult, with many similar in appearance and colour, forcing the use of swim bladder morphology as a definitive feature. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. gas bladder (also fish maw, less accurately swim bladder or air bladder) is an internal organ that contributes to the ability of a Fish The term morphology in Biology refers to the outward appearance ( Shape, Structure, Colour, Pattern) of an Organism All whiting species are benthic in nature and generally live in shallow, protected waters, although there are exceptions. The Sillaginidae, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a Body of water such as an Ocean or a Lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface Minor fisheries exist around various species of Sillago, making them of minor importance in most of their range. For the fishing industry and the practice of fishing see Fishing.

Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Anatomy 3 Range and habitat 4 Importance to humans 5 References 6 External links

Taxonomy

The genus Sillago is one of three genera in the family Sillaginidae, itself part of the Percoidea, a suborder of the Perciformes. The Sillaginidae, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family Percoidea is a Superfamily of Fish of the order Perciformes. This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all bony Fish and are the largest order of vertebrates. McKay (1985) further divided Sillago into three subgenera based primarily on the morphology of the swim bladder. In Biology, a subgenus is a Taxonomic rank directly below Genus. ^[2]

• Silliganopodys: Swimbladder greatly reduced, with no duct-like process and no haemal funnel
• Sillago: A double post-coelomic extension penetrating the tail region
• Parasillago: A single post-coelomic extension of the swimbladder

These subgenera are not universally used; for example, FishBase does not currently use them. The coelom (pronounced "seal-um" is a fluid filled cavity formed within the Mesoderm. The tail is the section at the rear end of an Animal 's Body; in general the term refers to a distinct flexible Appendage to the Torso. FishBase is a comprehensive Database of information about Fish.

The name Sillago is derived from a locality or region within Australia,^[3] possibly after Sillago Reef near Whitsunday Island in Queensland. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Whitsunday Island is the largest island in the Whitsunday group of islands located off the coast of Queensland, Australia. Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent ^[4]

Anatomy

All species in the genus Sillago are similar to other members of the Sillaginidae family in profile, with the distinctive compressed, long, tapering body common to all species. The definitive characteristic for Sillago is the presence of a swim bladder, in all but one case (Sillago chondropus) having a duct-like process from the ventral surface to near the anus. gas bladder (also fish maw, less accurately swim bladder or air bladder) is an internal organ that contributes to the ability of a Fish In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an Animal 's Digestive tract from the Mouth. Their swim bladders are often complex, further distinguishing them from the genera Sillaginodes and Sillaginopsis (which often lacks a swim bladder entirely). The King George whiting, Sillaginodes punctatus (also known as the spotted whiting or spotted sillago) is a Coastal marine The Gangetic whiting, Sillaginopsis panijus (also known as the flathead sillago) is a Species of Inshore Marine and Estuarine ^[5]

Members of the genus usually have a silver to gold-brown colour depending on their habitat, with shallow sand flat fish having a more silver appearance, while estuary and silt bottom dwellers having a darker brown colour. Silver is the metallic shade resembling Gray, closest to that of polished Silver. Gold, also called golden, is a Yellowish orange Color which is a representation of the color of the element Mudflats (also tidal flats, tide flats, etc are coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by tides or rivers An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open Silt is Soil or rock derived Granular material of a Grain size between sand and clay

Range and habitat

With 29 species, the genus Sillago has the widest distribution of any smelt-whiting genus, spanning much of the Indo-Pacific. The Indo-Pacific is a biogeographic region of the earth's seas comprising the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean The genus ranges from the east coast of Africa to Japan in the east and Southern Australia in the south, with most species concentrated around South East Asia, the Indonesian Archipelago and Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Many species have overlapping distribution, often making positive identification hard. ^[5]

Sillagos are generally coastal fishes, inhabiting a variety of shallow water habitats including open sand flats, muddy substrates and beaches with moderately strong wave action. The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the Ocean. A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species. Beaches (also known as Forever Friends) is a 1988 Academy Award -nominated movie adapted by Mary Agnes Donoghue from the Some species enter estuaries and even penetrate fresh water for considerable periods, especially during vulnerable stages of their life cycle. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved Shallow water of a few centimetres is also occupied by juvenile sillagos, especially in the vicinity of cover such as seagrass beds or mangroves. A centimetre ( American spelling: centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one hundredth Seagrasses (or sea-grasses in British English) are Flowering plants from one of four plant families ( Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics. A few species are known to inhabit deeper offshore waters, with fish known from trawls up to 180 m (600 ft) deep. Trawling is a method of Fishing that involves pulling a large Fishing net through the water behind one or more boats The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit ^[5]

Importance to humans

Various species of Sillago represent minor local fisheries in their ranges, with many having commercial importance. For the fishing industry and the practice of fishing see Fishing. Fish are taken by a variety of methods including seine, gill and cast nets as well as by line. Gillnetting is a common fishing method used by commercial fishermen of all the oceans and in some freshwater and estuary areas A fishing net or fishnet is a net that is used for Fishing. Fishing nets are Meshes usually formed by Knotting a relatively thin thread Angling is a method of Fishing by means of an "angle" ( hook) Recreational fishing for Sillago is common, especially in Australia where they are valued as food fish or for live bait for larger species. Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is Fishing for Pleasure or Competition. Seafood is any Sea Animal or Seaweed that is served as Food, or is suitable for eating particularly saltwater animals such Bait fish are small fish caught for use as bait to attract large predatory fish particularly Game fish. Estuarine aquaculture in India, Japan and Taiwan has utilized sillagos as an important species, and similar trials have been conducted in Australia. Aquaculture is the farming of freshwater and saltwater organisms including Molluscs Crustaceans and aquatic plants India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. ^[5]

References

External links

• Sillago at Fishbase

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