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| Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 |
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C. Coenraad Jacob Temminck ( March 31, 1778, Amsterdam - January 30, 1858, Lisse) was a Dutch aristocrat and Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common n. dybowskii |
The Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) is a member of the deer family Cervidae that inhabits much of East Asia. A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. It is found in mixed deciduous forests to the north, and mixed subtropical deciduous and evergreen forests to the south. The Sika Deer are closely related to Red Deer, Central Asian Red Deer and elk. The Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus) is one of the largest Deer species The Central Asian Red Deer is a Primordial group of Red deer subspecies which live primarily in Asia east of the Caspian Sea and south of The elk, or wapiti ( Cervus canadensis) is one of the largest Species of Deer in the world and one of the largest Mammals in
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Distribution and races
Sika deer are found from the Ussuri region of Siberia south to Korea, Manchuria and Northern and Southern China, with a possibly isolated population in Vietnam. The Ussuri River is a River in the east of Northeast China and south of the Russian Far East. Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast Alternative meaning In Geology, North China (continent and South China (continent were two ancient landmasses that correspond to modern northern Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially It is also native to Taiwan and Japan and were possibly introduced to some smaller western Pacific islands. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The largest race of Sika deer (found in the colder north) are Dybowski's Sika Deer (C. n. dybowskii) of Manchuria and Ussuri Region, and the Hokkaidō Sika Deer (C. n. yesoensis) of Hokkaidō Island in Japan. The Kerama Sika Deer (C. n. keramae) of the Ryukyu Islands is one of the smallest, and unlike other subspecies, has the whole body (including the rump patch) dark brown. The Ryukyu Islands, in Japanese called the (literally Southwest Islands are a chain of Japanese islands in the western Pacific Ocean at the eastern limit The Formosan Sika Deer (C. n. taioanus) is rather large for an island form being larger than the Kerama Sika Deer and similar in size to deer from Southern China. Alternative meaning In Geology, North China (continent and South China (continent were two ancient landmasses that correspond to modern northern There are several geographically separated subspecies, but due to the long history of the velvet antler trade (for medicinal values) and farming of Sika deer for antler production in much of Turkestan, China, Mongolia, Manchuria, and the Ussuri Region, the integrity of these subspecies is questionable as many populations have already mixed gene pools. Other deer raised for antler trade were Thorold's Deer (Cervus albirostris), various Central Asian Red Deer (Cervus affinis) subspecies, and Wapiti (Cervus canadensis) subspecies. Thorold's deer has the scientific name Cervus albirostris. It is also known as the white-lipped deer, for the white patches around its muzzle The Central Asian Red Deer is a Primordial group of Red deer subspecies which live primarily in Asia east of the Caspian Sea and south of The elk, or wapiti ( Cervus canadensis) is one of the largest Species of Deer in the world and one of the largest Mammals in Sika deer are known to escape deer farms and many of the so-called wild sika deer populations in Central and Southern China are descendants of those that have escaped and have re-established themselves in the wild. In Taiwan, both Formosan Sika Deer and Formosan Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei) have been farmed for velvet antlers. The only exceptions that may have integrity as a subspecies are possibly the Dybowski's Sika deer of Manchuria and Ussuri region, and the sika deer subspecies that survive in Japan, Ryukyu Islands, and Taiwan. Japan is the only country in Eastern Asia where sika deer were not farmed for velvet antler.
Sika Deer are widespread in Japan, and readily become tame; at one time they were regarded as sacred. The largest wild populations are in the northern island of Hokkaidō. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso, is Japan 's Following Japanese settlement of Hokkaidō in the latter half of the 19th century, the deer there were hunted almost to the point of extinction, and were reduced to a few small populations. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Legal protection put in place in the mid 20th century was followed by rapid population recovery from the 1950s to the 1980s. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. In the absence of the natural predators (wolves, now extinct in Japan), some hunting is now encouraged in order to stabilize the population and limit the agricultural damage done by the deer. The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. The present Hokkaidō deer population is still concentrated in the eastern half of the island, and many deer that frequent other parts of the island migrate back to this area during the winter months.
Deer are also present in the more populated islands of Japan: for example, in the ancient capital city of Nara, as well as the sacred island of Miyajima, they wander at will among the temples, and are much photographed (and fed) by tourists. is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. may refer to Miyajima another name for the Japanese island Itsukushima Miyajima Hiroshima, a former town on this island merged into Hatsukaichi A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel In other parts of Asia, the deer have also been extensively hunted, and legal protection has been less effective, so that several populations and subspecies are now endangered. An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation
Sika Deer have been introduced into a number of other countries including Australia, Austria, Denmark, Germany, Britain, France, Ireland, Jolo Island (south of the Philippines), New Zealand, Poland, Morocco and the United States (Maryland and Texas). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Jolo is a volcanic island in the southwest Philippines. It is located in the Sulu Archipelago, between Mindanao and Borneo, and has a population The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In many cases they were originally introduced as ornamental animals in parkland, but have established themselves in the wild.
In Britain and Ireland several distinct wild and feral populations now exist. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Some of these are in isolated areas, for example on the island of Lundy, but others are contiguous with populations of the native Red Deer. Lundy is the largest island in the Bristol Channel, lying off the coast of Devon, England, approximately one third of the distance across the The Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus) is one of the largest Deer species Since the two species hybridise, this is a serious conservation concern, and in mainland Scotland biologists have contended that there are now no pure sika or Red deer left there, and that the two species have thoroughly and irretrievably hybridised. In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. The same is thought to be true of sika and the remnant wild Red deer population in Ireland.
Across its original range, and more intensively in many countries to which it has been introduced, the sika is regarded as a particularly prized and elusive sportsman's quarry. In Britain, Ireland and mainland Europe it has been noted that sika display very different survival strategies and escape tactics from the indigenous deer. They have a marked tendency to use camouflage and concealment in circumstances when Red deer, for example, would flee; and have been seen to squat and lie belly-flat when danger threatens in the form of human intrusion. Camouflage is a method of cryptic or concealing coloration that allows an otherwise visible Organism Hunters and control cullers have estimated that the sika's wariness and "cleverness" makes it three or four times more difficult to bring to bag than a Red or Fallow deer. It has also been widely remarked that sika are much more tenacious of life, and harder to kill with a rifle bullet, than the native deer of Europe and North America. In the British Isles sika are widely regarded as a very serious threat to new and established woodlands, and public and private forestry bodies adopt policies of rigorous year-round culling, generally with little effect.
Among aficionados of venison, sika flesh is regarded as one of the very finest and most flavoursome of all game meats at the dinner table. Venison is the Culinary name for Meat from the family Cervidae. A game is a structured activity, usually undertaken for Enjoyment and sometimes also used as an Educational tool
Sika (しか or 鹿) listen , romanized shika in the Hepburn system, is the Japanese word for deer in general. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or The is named after James Curtis Hepburn, who used it to transcribe the sounds of the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet in the third edition of his Japanese–English The full Japanese word for Cervus nippon is nihonjika (にほんじか or 日本鹿).
Dybowski's sika deer (Cervus nippon dybowskii) and Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taioanus) are highly endangered and possibly already extinct in the wild. They can be found in several zoos and are being kept alive by a captive-management program.
The Sitka Deer is a subspecies of Black-Tailed Deer and Mule Deer and therefore, a different species. The Sitka Deer or Sitka Black-tailed Deer ( Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) is a subspecies of Black-tailed Deer, sometimes referred to as the Mule The Black-tailed deer, or Blacktail deer ( Odocoileus hemionus) is a species of Deer found in western North America, specifically the The mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus) is a Deer whose habitat is in the western half of North America.
See also
- Red Deer - European Red Deer
- Central Asian Red Deer - Asian/Himalayan/Tibetan Red Deer
- Elk - East Asian/North American Red Deer (Wapiti)
- Thorold's Deer
References
- Deer Specialist Group (1996). The Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus) is one of the largest Deer species The Central Asian Red Deer is a Primordial group of Red deer subspecies which live primarily in Asia east of the Caspian Sea and south of The elk, or wapiti ( Cervus canadensis) is one of the largest Species of Deer in the world and one of the largest Mammals in Thorold's deer has the scientific name Cervus albirostris. It is also known as the white-lipped deer, for the white patches around its muzzle Cervus nippon. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.
- Cervus nippon (TSN 180696). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Integrated Taxonomic Information System ( ITIS) is a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the Taxonomy of biological Species Retrieved on 10 February 2006. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- Igota, H. , Sakagura, M. , Uno, H. , Kaji, K. , Maneko, M. , Akamatsu, R. , & Maekawa, (in press). Seasonal patterns of female sika deer in eastern Hokkaidō, Japan. Ecological Research, 19.
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