Signal processing - Citizendia

Signal processing is the analysis, interpretation, and manipulation of signals. In the fields of communications, Signal processing, and in Electrical engineering more generally a signal is any time-varying or spatial-varying quantity Signals of interest include sound, images, biological signals such as ECG, radar signals, and many others. Audio signal processing, sometimes referred to as audio processing, is the processing of a representation of auditory signals, or Sound. Image processing is any form of Signal processing for which the input is an image such as photographs or frames of video the output of image processing can be either an image Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships Processing of such signals includes filtering, storage and reconstruction, separation of information from noise (for example, aircraft identification by radar), compression (for example, image compression), and feature extraction (for example, speech-to-text conversion). Electronic filters are Electronic circuits which perform Signal processing functions specifically intended to remove unwanted signal components and/or enhance wanted is a one volume manga created by Tsutomu Nihei as a prequel to his ten-volume work Blame!. Image compression is the application of Data compression on Digital images In effect the objective is to reduce redundancy of the image data in order to be able to In Pattern recognition and in Image processing, Feature extraction is a special form of Dimensionality reduction. Speech recognition (also known as automatic speech recognition or computer speech recognition) converts spoken words to machine-readable input (for example to keypresses

In communication systems, signal processing only occurs at OSI layer 1, the physical layer (modulation, equalization, multiplexing, radio transmission, etc) in the seven layer OSI model, as well as at OSI layer 6, the presentation layer (source coding, including analog-to-digital conversion and data compression). The Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer Network protocol The Physical Layer is the first level in the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. In Telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying a periodic Waveform, i Equalization (or equalisation, EQ) is the process of changing the frequency envelope of a sound in Audio processing. For multiplexing in electronics and signal processing see Multiplexer. The Presentation Layer is the sixth level of the seven layer OSI model. An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is an electronic integrated circuit which converts continuous signals to

Signal classification

Signals are electrical representations of time-varying or spatial-varying physical quantities, either analog or digital, and may come from various sources. In the fields of communications, Signal processing, and in Electrical engineering more generally a signal is any time-varying or spatial-varying quantity In the context of signal processing, arbitrary binary data streams are not considered as signals, but only digital signals that are representations of analog physical quantities.

For analog signals, signal processing may involve the amplification and filtering of audio signals for audio equipment or the modulation and demodulation of signals for telecommunications. For digital signals, signal processing may involve digital filtering and compression of digital signals. In Electronics, Computer science and Mathematics, a digital filter is a system that performs mathematical operations on a sampling,

Analog signal processing — for signals that have not been digitized, as in classical radio, telephone, radar, and television systems
Discrete-time signal processing – for signals that are defined only at discrete points in time, and as such are quantized in time, but not magnitude. Analog signal processing is any Signal processing conducted on Analog signals by analog means A discrete signal or discrete-time signal is a Time series, perhaps a signal that has been sampled from a continuous-time signal. This theoretical discipline establishes the mathematical basis for digital signal processing, the technology of processing signals that are quantized in time and magnitude.
Digital signal processing — for signals that have been digitized. Digital signal processing ( DSP) is concerned with the representation of the signals by a sequence of numbers or symbols and the processing of these signals Processing is done by general-purpose computers or by digital circuits such as ASICs, FPGAs, or specialized digital signal processors (DSP chips). A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. FPGAs should not be confused with the Flip-chip pin grid array, a form of integrated circuit packaging A digital signal processor ( DSP or DSP micro) is a specialized Microprocessor designed specifically for Digital signal processing, generally
Statistical signal processing — analyzing and extracting information from signals based on their statistical properties
Audio signal processing — for electrical signals representing sound, such as speech or music
Speech signal processing — for processing and interpreting spoken words
Image processing — in digital cameras, computers, and various imaging systems
Video processing — for interpreting moving pictures
Array processing — for processing signals from arrays of sensors

Signal classification

See also