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Sign-off (or, in British/Irish/New Zealand English, closedown) is the sequence of operations involved when a radio or television station shuts down its transmitters and goes off the air for a predetermined period (most commonly during the overnight hours). This article is about radio broadcasting for other uses see Radio (disambiguation. A television station is a type of broadcast station that broadcasts both audio and Video to Television receivers in a particular area Sign-off is the reverse process to a broadcast sign-on. Sign-on (or startup) is the term used to describe the beginning of operations for a Television station.

In the case of television stations, this usually entails the making of an announcement to inform the viewer that the station is about to go off-air, the playing, in many cases, of the appropriate national anthem(s), the displaying of a test pattern, and/or the cutting of the carrier signal. A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's A test card, also known as a test pattern in the UK, North America and Australia, is a Television test signal typically broadcast Generally after the carrier signal is cut the viewer only sees static as the transmitter has been shut off. Noise in analog Video and Television is perceived as a random dot pattern which is superimposed on the picture as a result of Electronic noise and However depending on environmental factors those who are watching the station over the air may see programming from more distant television stations operating on the same frequency.

The practice varies from country to country, and from station to station. Most frequently, the sign-off happens at some time between midnight and 1:30 a. m.

Since the early 1990s, sign-offs have become increasingly rare in developed countries, as most now feature 24-hour networks that air content at all hours of the day and night; in many areas, the time during which a station was formerly off air has now been assigned to the broadcasting of infomercials. Infomercials (or informercials are Television commercials that run for one minute or for as long as a typical Television program However, sign-offs still occur at some television stations in the United States (mostly low-power, UHF, or small-market stations) at the weekend or during routine transmitter maintenance requiring a shut-down (as of late, for instance, for HDTV), and more often in Canada. High-definition television (HDTV is a Digital television Broadcasting system with higher resolution than traditional television systems (standard-definition

Some stations that sign off over-the-air continue to feed local cable companies' programming via a fiber optic direct line to the cable company during the time of sign-off; usually this consists of either the station's regular schedule, or an unadulterated network feed of the network's overnight programming without local advertising, such as the case of WKTV. An optical fiber (or fibre) is a Glass or Plastic fiber that carries Light along its length WKTV is the NBC Television affiliate for Utica New York and surrounding areas including Rome New York (in the Syracuse TV market via a Some stations that have their own weather departments will display an image of their weather radar with a summary of the forecast for the local area.

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North America

In the United States and Canada, stations generally list the following details about a station:

At some stations, a weather forecast and/or a pre-taped inspirational message (also known as a "sermonette") precedes the sign-off sequence. Sermonette (ie a small Sermon) is a generic term for short locally-produced inspirational messages that were aired by many U

In the past, many television stations also precede the sign-off or sermonette with a newscast. Until the early 1980s, it generally consisted of an announcer reading the news headlines, plus sports scores and a weather forecast, over a slide identifying it as a newscast; some stations also presented a brief, on-camera newscast, either pre-recorded with the 10PM or 11PM news team, or live with another anchor. Starting in the 1980s, many stations replaced this brief newscast with a taped replay of the 10PM or 11PM newscast, however this has become less common in the 2000's.

According to FCC regulations, however, stations are only required to merely identify themselves before leaving the air. This means stations are to announce their calls, city of license and channel number. Many stations did most or all of the above as a common courtesy.

In many instances today, signing off a station does not mean physically shutting off the transmission source. Often, a test pattern will appear or a "live scan" of the station's weather radar will remain on during the off-air hours. In the latter instance, the audio of a local radio station or instrumental music sometimes plays in the over the audio.

Some PBS member stations, such as KAKM, WKAR-TV, WYIN and WMFE, close down its analog and/or digital signals at a certain hour each day, generally at 12 Midnight or 1AM. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the KAKM is a public Television station in Anchorage Alaska, broadcasting locally on channel 7 as a PBS member station WKAR-TV is a PBS -member station serving the Lansing Michigan area WYIN is a public Television station in Gary Indiana, serving the Chicago Illinois market on channel 56 as a PBS member station However, its overnight programming, usually from the national PBS feed, is still fed overnight to most cable and satellite providers. In most cases, this is due to budget constraints that prohibit the continual operation of the aerial signals. Some of the PBS stations that sign off regularly show an astronomy program, Jack Horkheimer: Star Gazer, as the last program of the day, before closing down. Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study Jack Horkheimer Star Gazer is a five-minute Astronomy show on public television hosted by Jack Foley Horkheimer executive director of the Miami Space Transit

An up-to-date listing of full-power American television stations that still sign off at some point during their broadcast week can be seen here: [1]

Examples of United States television sign-off messages

A few stations that still sign off either each night or at some point each week include KAPP-TV, KVEW, KLEW, KSNW (and its satellites, weekends only), WKTV, WWNY, WMFE, WWTI, WTOL-TV, KX Television (all 4 stations), KSMQ, WQPT, WHBF, KLKN, KCAU, WOI-TV, KEYC, KEVN, KNBN, KGIN-TV, KHAS, KNOP, WOAY, KVRR (and its satellites), KVLY-TV, KXJB, ABC West (all stations), KSL-TV, KTBS-TV, KCRG-TV, WJFW-TV, WTKR, WMBD-TV, WFRV-TV, WMSN-TV, WWLP-TV, WPRI-TV, WLNE-TV, WLRN-TV, WFMJ-TV, WDAM-TV, KQDS-TV, KUTV, KCOY, KHSL-TV, KRCR-TV, WVVA-TV, WTVH-TV, KNVN, KXLY-TV, KREM-TV, KIRO-TV and WTTV(only on Mondays). KAPP, channel 35 is the ABC affiliate for Yakima Washington, serving the Central Washington area with a mix of news sports syndicated fare KVEW, channel 42 is the ABC affiliate for the Tri-Cities area of Pasco, Richland, and Kennewick Washington. KLEW-TV, channel 3 is the CBS Television affiliate in Lewiston Idaho. KSNW channel 3 is a NBC affiliate based in Wichita Kansas. It is owned by the New Vision Television group WKTV is the NBC Television affiliate for Utica New York and surrounding areas including Rome New York (in the Syracuse TV market via a WWNY-TV, channel 7 is a CBS -affiliated Television station in Watertown New York, although it is actually licensed to nearby Carthage. WWTI, channel 50 is the ABC -affiliated Television station for Watertown New York. WTOL is the CBS television affiliate in Toledo Ohio. The station broadcasts on channel 11 (analog and 17 (digital and can be seen quite clearly throughout Northwest KSMQ-TV is a public Television station in Austin Minnesota, broadcasting locally on channel 15 as a PBS member station with additional programming from WQPT-TV is a Television station in Moline Illinois, serving the Quad Cities market in Illinois and Iowa as a PBS member station on WHBF-TV, channel 4 is a television station licensed to Rock Island Illinois, which serves as the CBS affiliate for the Quad Cities television market (comprised of KLKN, channel 8 is the ABC affiliate in Lincoln Nebraska, USA KCAU-TV is a Television station in Sioux City Iowa, broadcasting on NTSC Channel 9 (analog and ATSC Channel 30 (digital KEYC-TV is a CBS -affiliated television station licensed to Mankato Minnesota, with studios in neighboring North Mankato. KEVN-TV, channel 7 is a Fox affiliate based in Rapid City South Dakota. KNBN channel 21, is the NBC affiliate in Rapid City South Dakota. KOLN, channel 10 is the CBS affiliate in Lincoln Nebraska. It operates a satellite station KGIN, on channel 11 in Grand Island. Originally the Khas were the mountain dwellers living in the south shadow of the Himalayan range from Kashmir to Bhutan, but mostly in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand KNOP-TV 2 is the NBC station in North Platte Nebraska, USA The station is owned by Hoak Media which also owns and operates local Fox affiliate KIIT. KVRR is a Fox affiliate based in Fargo North Dakota broadcasting on channel 15 ( digital channel 19 KVLY channel 11 (44 digital/HD) is the NBC Television affiliate based in Fargo North Dakota that serves much of eastern North Dakota KXJB-TV is a CBS affiliate based in Fargo North Dakota and broadcasting on channel 4 ( HD/digital channel 38 KSL-TV ( Channel 5) is an NBC affiliate in Salt Lake City Utah that broadcasts locally in analog on VHF channel 5 and in digital on UHF KTBS-TV, channel 3 is the ABC -affiliated Television station for Shreveport Louisiana. KCRG-TV is a Television station based out of Cedar Rapids Iowa. WJFW-TV, channel 12 is a NBC affiliate serving north central Wisconsin. WTKR is the CBS affiliate serving the Hampton Roads area of Virginia, officially known as the Norfolk - Portsmouth - Newport News WMBD-TV, channel 31 is the CBS affiliate in Peoria Illinois. It is the first Peoria station to broadcast local Color television, the last to broadcast WJMN-TV redirects here For other uses see WJMN. WFRV-TV, channel 5 is a CBS affiliate based in Green Bay Wisconsin WMSN-TV is a FOX station in Madison Wisconsin owned by the Sinclair Broadcasting Group. WWLP channel 22 is the NBC -affiliate Television station for the Pioneer Valley of Massachusetts that is licensed to Springfield. WPRI-TV, channel 12 is the CBS -affiliated Television station for the state of Rhode Island and Bristol County Massachusetts, licensed For other ABC channels that are also number channel 6 see ABC 6. WLRN-TV is a PBS member station broadcasting on channel 17 ( DTV 20 in Miami Florida. WFMJ-TV channel 21 is the NBC affiliate in Youngstown Ohio. The station was founded on channel 73 on March 8, 1953 by the Maag family owners WDAM-TV is the NBC affiliate station for southern Mississippi. KQDS-TV, channel 21 is the Fox affiliate for Duluth Minnesota, USA, serving Northeastern Minnesota, Northwestern Wisconsin, and For the Communist International university known as KUTV see Communist University of the Toilers of the East. KCOY-TV is a Television station in Santa Maria California. It broadcasts on VHF channel 12 and is an affiliate of the CBS network KHSL-TV Channel 12 is a CBS affiliate based in Chico California. KRCR-TV NewsChannel 7 (formerly known as "Channel 7R" is an ABC affiliated station which serves the northern Sacramento Valley, including the towns of WVVA, channel 6 is an NBC -affiliated television station in Bluefield West Virginia, owned by the Quincy Newspapers media chain WTVH is the CBS network affiliate in Syracuse, New York. It also serves the Utica/Rome area The former call sign for KNVN is KCPM which was used until recently for a TV station in Grand Forks North Dakota KXLY-TV (channel 4 digital channel 13 is the ABC network affiliate in Spokane Washington. KREM-TV is the CBS affiliate serving the Spokane Washington &ndash Coeur d'Alene Idaho television market KIRO-TV is the CBS television affiliate in Seattle Washington. WTTV, channel 4 is a television station licensed to Bloomington Indiana, serving as the CW Television Network affiliate for the Indianapolis Indiana

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, closedowns took place frequently during the daytime, and sometimes only for a few hours at a time. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This was due largely to a Government-imposed restriction on daytime broadcasting hours, but also in part budgetary constrictions. The relaxation of these rules meant that afternoon closedowns ceased on ITV in October 1972. Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent The BBC took rather longer to abandon the practice, as they did not commence a full daytime service until the autumn of 1986.

A full night-time closedown sequence on British television would typically contain information about the following day's schedule, perhaps a local weather forecast and/or a news update, possibly a Public Information Film and finally a look at the station clock. Public Information Films (known as PIFs) are a series of government commissioned short films shown during television advertising breaks in the UK.

On BBC One, this led straight into a rendition of the National Anthem God Save the Queen, played out over the ident. "God Save the Queen", or "God Save the King", is an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms It is the National Station identification (sometimes called a sounder or stinger) is the practice of any type of Radio or Television station or network The ITV regions mostly played the National Anthem over scenes of the Royal Family, although Wales and West of England region HTV played both the Welsh and British national anthems (with scenes of the flag changing to indicate the end of one and the start of the other). Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent A royal family is the extended family of a monarch. Generally the head of a royal family is a king or queen regnant HTV, now legally known as ITV Wales and West, is the ITV contractor for Wales and the West of England. ATV, Central's predecessor, used a version of the National Anthem played on a church organ over the station clock, eschewing the traditional band arrangements used by other broadcasters. Associated TeleVision Limited, best known simply as ATV, was a British ITV company from 1955 until 1981 Central Independent Television, more commonly known as Central and now legally ITV Central Ltd, is the British Independent Television contractor

Some stations didn't use a National Anthem at all: the London, Midlands, Scottish/English Border, Yorkshire & North-West regions (Thames Television, Central Independent Television, Border Television, Yorkshire Television & Granada Television respectively) Thames chose to play popular or instrumental music over their clock, Granada played their station theme over the clock, then a minute into the music, they would fade to the Granada ident, Border and Yorkshire simply "faded out" to black and in Central's case a "Good Night" caption over the station theme. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. This article is mainly about the English Midlands For other uses see Midlands (disambiguation. Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Thames Television was a licencee of the British ITV television network covering London and parts of the surrounding counties Central Independent Television, more commonly known as Central and now legally ITV Central Ltd, is the British Independent Television contractor Border Television (now legally known as ITV Border is the ITV franchisee for the border region between England and Scotland (including the south of Scotland much of Cumbria Yorkshire Television is the ITV contractor for the Yorkshire franchise Granada Television is the United Kingdom ITV contractor for North West England. The Ident Protocol, specified in RFC 1413 is an Internet protocol that helps identify the user of a particular TCP connection.

Westward Television and their successors, Television South West also used the Shipping Forecast as part of the closedown sequence, and occasionally, just before the transmitter was switched off, they liked to show short clips of Loeki, a cartoon lion whose adventures had bookended the advert breaks on Dutch television since the early Seventies. Westward Television was the first ITV franchise holder for the South West of England from 29 April 1961 until 31 December 1981 Television South West ( TSW) was the ITV franchise holder for the South West England region from 1 January 1982 until 31 December The Shipping Forecast is a four-times-daily BBC radio broadcast of Weather reports and forecasts for the seas around the coasts of the British Isles. Television in the Netherlands was introduced in 1951. In the Netherlands, the television market is divided between a number of commercial networks

Two popular items in British culture were inspired by the early years of television; firstly, the phrase "Don't forget to switch off your television set", a warning typically spoken by the station announcer which took place over a blank screen, often after several seconds of dead air, prior to the transmitter being switched off; and secondly the "little white dot", a phosphor trace which lingered on the screen as the power faded, diminishing in size until it became invisible. This article is about the novel Dead Air for other uses of the term see Dead air. A phosphor is a substance that exhibits the phenomenon of Phosphorescence (sustained glowing after exposure to energized particles such as Electrons

The ITV regions gradually switched to 24-hour television between 1986 and 1988, under a directive issued by the Independent Broadcasting Authority. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) The Independent Broadcasting Authority ( IBA) was the regulatory body in the United Kingdom for commercial Television ( ITV and Yorkshire Television was first to go round the clock, showing programmes from the satellite station Music Box, and the other regions followed suit. Yorkshire Television is the ITV contractor for the Yorkshire franchise The last of these was Ulster Television. For other uses of the UTV acronym see UTV (disambiguation UTV (formerly Ulster Television) is a Television channel based Some overnight programming slots were filled with teletext information pages including Jobfinder, which some regions adopted and others didn't, and, since 1998, ITV Nightscreen. Teletext (or "broadcast Teletext" is a Television information retrieval service developed in the United Kingdom in the early ITV Nightscreen is a scheduled programme on the United Kingdom 's ITV television network consisting of a sequence of static pages of information about The temporary suspension of ITV1's overnight gaming shows in March 2007 forced ITV1 to schedule Nightscreen in continuous blocks of up to almost three hours until the start of the ITV Morning News.

Channel 4 (who, at launch in 1982, were usually closed for around sixteen hours a day) began its round-the-clock service on 6 January 1997, after a year of gradually expanding its overnight hours. Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar

BBC One's last closedown took place on 8 November 1997. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration BBC News 24 has filled the early hours since but in recent years the time available for News 24 has been increasingly curtailed by programmes from the Sign Zone. BBC News is the BBC's 24 hour rolling news television channel in the United Kingdom and also available in the Republic of Ireland.

This means BBC Two is the last national British terrestrial channel to still sign off at night, but only during times of the year (or times of the week) when BBC Learning Zone is off the air. BBC Learning Zone is mostly an Open University sponsored block of academic programmes shown during the late night&ndashearly morning on BBC Two. This currently includes the Christmas holiday and Friday, Saturday, Sunday nights. Pages from Ceefax fill the gap in broadcasting hours. Ceefax (phonetic for "See Facts" is the BBC 's Teletext information service As of March 2007, there has been a trend for BBC Two to expand its overnight hours during weekends, sometimes to as late as 5:05am, leading to speculation that BBC Two's closedowns may soon be consigned to history.

S4C, the Welsh-language channel, is the only UK terrestrial channel which continues to close down regularly (though generally only for around 90 minutes between approximately 4:30 and 6. S4C (Sianel Pedwar Cymru meaning Channel Four Wales) is a television channel in Wales Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic 00 in the early morning). Originally, for some 10 minutes after closedown and 10 minutes before start-up, a series of still "slides" were presented with traditional music. The slides included TV listings and information, competitions, etc. This service had no official name but was commonly known as S4C Closedown Screen. In recent days, however, S4C broadcasts just a test tone and black level.

Australia

On Sydney's Seven Network affiliate, ATN-7, a sign-off in the 1960s would include a music video send-off ("My City of Sydney" sung by Tommy Leonetti) featuring sights of Australia residents at work and play followed by a short cartoon of a mother kangaroo putting her joey to bed, played over an abridged version of "Advance Australia Fair". Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 The Seven Network is an Australian television network, owned by the Seven Media Group. ATN is the Sydney Flagship Television station of the Seven Network in Australia. Tommy Leonetti (born Nicola Tomaso Leonetti 10 September 1929, Bergen County, New Jersey, U For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. " Advance Australia Fair " is the official National anthem of Australia. The bed was made from parts of the ATN-7 logo (The letters "ATN" were unfolded into a bed, the word "TELEVISION" became the mattress, and the "7" became a blanket). The sign-off is viewable on YouTube here. YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload view and share Video clips YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees

The same affiliate's sign-off in the 1980s featured a cartoon music video sendoff featuring cartoon nudity and sights of Australia played over Good Night by The Beatles, the kangaroo clip played over a brief programming announcement, followed by a music video of a band playing an abridged version of "Advance Australia Fair", then a test pattern. " Good Night " is the final song by The Beatles on their self-titled album (aka The White Album) The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 A test card, also known as a test pattern in the UK, North America and Australia, is a Television test signal typically broadcast This sign-off is viewable here. ATN-7 went 24/7 sometime in the late 80's, putting an end to this infamous sign-off sequence. ATN is the Sydney Flagship Television station of the Seven Network in Australia.

New Zealand

In New Zealand, from 1981, Television New Zealand's Television One played a cartoon known as the Goodnight Kiwi, showing a kiwi stop broadcasting in his TV Station for the night, turning out the light, then he climbs up the stairs to the top floor with the transmitter, riding an elevator to the top of the transmitter, and going to bed in a satellite dish. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Television New Zealand (TVNZ is a state-owned television broadcasting corporation in New Zealand. The Goodnight Kiwi, later also called TV Kiwi, is a character in an animated short which has been used to signal the end of nightly broadcasts on Television KIWI (1029 FM, "Radio Lobo" is a commercial Radio station located in McFarland California, broadcasting to the Bakersfield California The cartoon closes up with the words "Goodnight from Television New Zealand". The close was eventually used on both TV1 and TV2, of varying lengths -- 1 minute on TV1 and 2 minutes on TV2. This video may be viewable in YouTube [2].

An alternate version shown on the second channel, TV2 (formerly South Pacific Television) Showing The Cartoon beginning normal but ending with the Kiwi going to bed inside a television camera then closes up with the kiwi shutting the side flaps of the camera then the South Pacific Television (now called TV2) logo would appear as the music faded out. South Pacific Television was a television channel in New Zealand, which operated between 1976 and 1980. It was popular with children, particularly Television One's animation.

In October 1994, TVNZ began 24-hour broadcasting, marking the disappearance of the Goodnight Kiwi from New Zealand television screens.

In September 2007, The Kiwi close was adopted by TVNZ 6. TVNZ 6 is a digital-only commercial-free television channel operated by Television New Zealand.

South Korea

These days, closedowns usually take place in terrestrial television broadcasting, not as in radio. Before December 2005, television daytime closedowns used to be carried out usually from 2. 00 pm to 5. 00 pm. In November 2005, the South Korean government announced that daytime closedowns on TV would be wiped out in the following next month. However, night-time closedowns on terristrial TV broadcasting still exist. The closedown period is usually from 1. 30 am to 6. 00 am. At the closedown, the South Korea's national anthem, Aegukga, is played. Aegukga is also the name of the national anthem of North Korea, although it is romanized differently In most satellite or cable TV channels since they are often 24-hour broadcasts, closedowns are not practised.

In radio broadcasting, several major broadcasters do not practise closedowns these days. Those incluse MBC (nationwide commercial), CBS (Protestant Christian), and SBS (metropolitan commercial); they deliver radio broadcasts 24 hours a day. The Seoul's transport radio, TBS on 95. 1 MHz, also runs a 24-hour broadcast. Even though they do not carry out off-air closedowns, they play the national anthem approximately at 5. 00 am. The EBS (on 104. 5 MHz in Seoul) and certain religious channels such as BBS (Buddhist) and PBS (Catholic) carry out closedowns from 2. 00 am to 5. 00 am. The KBS is quite unique. Some of the KBS radio channels including KBS Radio 1, 1FM, and 2FM are delivered 24 hours a day. On the other channels, however, closedowns still remain in place. KBS Radio 2 and 3 close down at 3. 00 am and they sign on 5. 00 am. KBS Radio Social Education 1 on 972 and 1134 kHz has a different closedown period. Its closedown is from 9. 00 am to 1. 00 pm.

The Philippines

Almost all terrestrial stations sign off overnight. The following information is usually disclosed:

In addition, an evening prayer (ex. AMEN by Sr. Gemma de la Cruz) may be said and the Philippine national anthem is played before it is replaced by color bars.

Some cable channels don't operate 24 hours a day, mostly those which are owned by ABS-CBN such as CinemaOne Global, Knowledge Channel and Lifestyle Network, and is replaced with an advertisement showing the product, "a reason to go to sleep" and the time when the network will go back on air. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation ( (ABS-CBN " A lto B roadcasting S ystem- C hronicle B roadcasting N etwork" CinemaOne Global is a movie feature channel of ABS-CBN. It is accessible through Direct-To-Home cable subscription service (exclusive only to SkyCable) through the The Knowledge Channel is the first and only all-educational cable TV channel in the Philippines, established by ABS-CBN, made available for free in public schools Lifestyle Network is a Direct-to-Home lifestyle & entertainment cable channel by ABS-CBN.

During Holy Week, particularly Holy Thursday, Good Friday and Black Saturday, most terrestrial stations remain signed-off during the entire day and those that go on the air remain signed-off until noon. Holy Week ( Latin: Hebdomada Sancta or Maior Hebdomada, "Greater Week" in Christianity is the last week before Easter.

Radio

While most radio stations operate 24/7, a few AM stations permitted for daytime operation only in North America and some rural FM stations will often sign off. Radio sign offs are generally more simple in nature. A standard sign off protocol for radio includes:

As with television, radio stations that sign off are only required to announce their calls, frequency and city of license -- all other items are optional.

In the UK, BBC Radio 4 does "close down" in a sense. While they do not produce any original programming during their "Off-air" hours, audio from the BBC World Service is provided. BBC Asian Network also has an off-hours simulcast -- in this case, with BBC Radio Five Live.

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