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For other uses, see Sigma (disambiguation).
Greek alphabet
Αα Alpha Νν Nu
Ββ Beta Ξξ Xi
Γγ Gamma Οο Omicron
Δδ Delta Ππ Pi
Εε Epsilon Ρρ Rho
Ζζ Zeta Σσς Sigma
Ηη Eta Ττ Tau
Θθ Theta Υυ Upsilon
Ιι Iota Φφ Phi
Κκ Kappa Χχ Chi
Λλ Lambda Ψψ Psi
Μμ Mu Ωω Omega
Obsolete letters
Digamma Qoppa
San Sampi
Greek diacritics
The Madaba Map, a sixth-century mosaic map of Jerusalem ("ΗΑΓΙΑ ПОΛΙΣ") uses the lunate sigma.
The Madaba Map, a sixth-century mosaic map of Jerusalem ("ΗΑΓΙΑ ПОΛΙΣ") uses the lunate sigma. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early Alpha (uppercase Α, lowercase α; Αλφα is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. Nu (uppercase Ν, lowercase ν; Νι Ni is the 13th letter of the Greek alphabet. Beta (uppercase Β, lowercase β, internal ϐ; Βήτα Vita is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. Xi (uppercase Ξ, lowercase ξ) is the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet. Gamma (uppercase &Gamma, lowercase γ Γάμμα is the third letter of the Greek alphabet. Omicron or Omikron (uppercase Ο, lowercase ο, literally "small o": Όμικρον o mikron, micron meaning 'small' in contrast Delta (uppercase Δ, lowercase δ; Δέλτα Thelta is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. Pi (uppercase &Pi, lower case &pi) is the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. Epsilon (uppercase Ε, lowercase ε; Έψιλον is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, corresponding phonetically to a Close-mid front unrounded Rho (uppercase Ρ, lowercase ρ or ϱ) is the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet. See also Principality of Zeta Zeta (uppercase Ζ, lowercase ζ; Ζήτα Zita is the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet. Eta (uppercase &Eta, lowercase η Ήτα) is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet. Tau (uppercase Τ, lowercase τ; Ταυ) is the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet. Theta (uppercase Θ, lowercase θ or ϑ; Θήτα is the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, derived from the Phoenician letter Teth Upsilon (uppercase &Upsilon, lowercase υ Ύψιλον is the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet. Iota (uppercase &Iota, lowercase ι Ιώτα Yota is the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet. Phi (uppercase Φ, lowercase φ or ϕ) pronounced in modern Greek and as in English is the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet Kappa (uppercase &Kappa, lowercase &kappa or ϰ; Κάππα is the 10th letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the Voiceless Chi ( Uppercase Χ, Lowercase χ; Χι He is the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet, pronounced as in English Lambda (uppercase Λ, lowercase λ; Λάμβδα or el Λάμδα Lamda is the 11th letter of the Greek alphabet. For other uses see Psi. Psi (uppercase Ψ, lowercase ψ) is the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet and has a Mu (uppercase Μ, lowercase μ; Μι or el Μυ) is the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet. OMEGA is the premier Counter-terrorism unit of Latvia. Founded in 1992 OMEGA cooperates with many other counter-terrorism units over the world Digamma (uppercase Ϝ, lowercase ϝ) is an archaic letter of the Greek alphabet, used primarily as a Greek numeral. Qoppa or Koppa ( Ϙ) is a letter that was used in early forms of the Greek alphabet, derived from Phoenician Qoph. San (uppercase Ϻ lowercase ϻ was a letter of the Greek alphabet, appearing between Pi and Qoppa in alphabetical Sampi (Ϡ is an obsolete letter of the Greek alphabet and has a numeric value of 900 when used as a mathematical character. The Madaba Map (also known as the Madaba Mosaic Map) is part of a floor Mosaic in the early Byzantine church of Saint George at Madaba Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the

Sigma (upper case Σ, lower case σ, lower case in word-final position ς) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 200. ʹ the numeral sign redirects here For the accent ´ see Acute accent. When used at the end of a word, and the word is not all upper case, the final form (ς) is used. Capital letters or majuscules pronunciation /məˈdʒʌskyuls ˈmædʒəˌskyuls/ in the Roman alphabet A, B, C, D, (e. g. Ὀδυσσεύς (Odysseus) - Note the two sigmas in the center of the name, and the word-final sigma at the end. ) Not to be confused with the cedilla ç. Ç, ç ( C - Cedilla) is a letter of Albanian, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Tatar, Kurdish language

The letter is ultimately derived from Phoenician Šin 𐤔. The Phoenician alphabet is a continuation of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, by convention taken to originate around 1050 BC Shin (also spelled Šin or Sheen) is the twenty-first letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew However, its name derives from Samekh. Samekh or Simketh is the fifteenth letter in many Semitic alphabets including Phoenician, Hebrew, and Aramaic, representing /s/

The uppercase form of sigma was borrowed into the Latin alphabet to serve as the uppercase of esh (lowercase: ʃ). Esh ( Majuscule: Ʃ, minuscule: ʃ; Unicode U+01A9 U+0283 is a character used in conjunction with the Latin alphabet

Contents

Lunate sigma

In Eastern forms of Greek writing (as opposed to the Western Greek alphabet used in the European Greek colonies) and in the Middle Ages, the lunate sigma (upper case Ϲ, lower case ϲ) — which resembles, but which is not at all related to, the Latin letter C — was often used. The Cumae alphabet, was a western variant of the early Greek alphabet, used between the 8th to 5th centuries BC C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː Lunate sigma was frequently used for writing Medieval Greek, and it can still sometimes be seen in inscriptions in Greek Orthodox churches, but also in certain printed editions of classical authors. Medieval Greek (Μεσαιωνική Ελληνική is a linguistic term that describes the fourth period in the history of the Greek language. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The form of the Cyrillic letter С [s] and Coptic letter sima are derived from lunate sigma. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Es (С с is the eighteenth letter in the Bulgarian the nineteenth letter in the Russian and the twenty-first letter in Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. The Coptic alphabet is the script used for writing the Coptic language.

On coins from the Hellenistic period in India, the script of later coins sometimes use lunate sigma. The Indo-Greek Kingdom (or sometimes Graeco-Indian Kingdom) covered various parts of the northwest and northern Indian subcontinent during the last two centuries This sigma continued to be written this way also in Medieval Greek. Medieval Greek (Μεσαιωνική Ελληνική is a linguistic term that describes the fourth period in the history of the Greek language.

A dotted lunate sigma (sigma periestigmenon, encoded at U+03FE Ͼ) is used by Aristarchus of Samothrace as an editorial sign indicating that the line so marked is at an incorrect position. Aristarchus of Samothrace (, 220? &ndash 143 BC?) was a Grammarian noted as the most influential of all scholars of Homeric poetry Similarly, an antisigma (encoded at U+03FD Ͻ) may mark a line that is out of place. A dotted antisigma (antisigma periestigmenon, encoded at U+03FF Ͽ) may indicate a line after which rearrangements should be made, or to variant readings of uncertain priority.

Science and mathematics

Upper case Σ is used as a symbol for:

Lower case σ is used for:

Politics

During the 1930s, an upper case Σ was in use as the symbol of the Ação Integralista Brasileira, a radical right-wing party in Brazil. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. Brazilian Integralism (Integralismo brasileiro was a Brazilian political movement created in October 1932 |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld

Popular culture and use in fiction

See also

Dictionary

sigma

-noun

  1. The name for the eighteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek, the nineteenth letter of Old and Ancient.
  2. (mathematics) the symbol (Σ) is used to indicate summation of a set or series.
  3. (statistics) the symbol (σ) is used to indicate one standard deviation from the mean, particularly in a normal distribution.
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