Sigismund, aged approximately 50, depicted by unknown artist in the 1420s — the only contemporary portrait. Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. The Kunsthistorisches Museum ( English: "Museum of Art History" in Vienna, housed in its festive palatial building on Ringstraße, crowned

For other nobles of the same name, please see Sigismund.

Sigismund (February 14, 1368, Prague – December 9, 1437, Znaim (in Czech Znojmo, Moravia (now Czech Republic); Hungarian name as King of Hungary: Zsigmond) was Holy Roman Emperor for 4 years from 1433 until 1437, and the last Emperor of the House of Luxemburg. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Znojmo (ˈznojmo Znaim is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, near the border with Lower Austria. Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the Znojmo (ˈznojmo Znaim is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, near the border with Lower Austria. Moravia (Morava; Morawy Moravie Moravia is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The King of Hungary (magyar király was the Head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 (or 1001 to 1918 The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of The House of Luxembourg was a mediæval Luxembourgian noble family He was also one of the longest ruling Kings of Hungary reigning for 50 years from 1387 to 1437. The King of Hungary (magyar király was the Head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 (or 1001 to 1918

Like many other rulers of his era, he held a number of other titles. These included:

• Margrave of Brandenburg (1378 – 1388 and 1411 – 1415)
• King of Hungary, Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia (1387 – 1437), cr. Margrave (marchio is the English and French form (recorded since 1551 of the German Title Markgraf (from Mark " Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. The King of Hungary (magyar király was the Head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 (or 1001 to 1918 Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Not to be confused with Slovenia, a nearby country Slavonia ( Croatian, Serbian: Slavonija, Cyrillic script Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern in Székesfehérvár (Alba Regia in Latin, Stuhlweissenburg in German), Hungary on 31 March 1387
• King of the Romans and King of Germany (1410 – 1437), cr. Székesfehérvár (ˈseːkɛʃfɛˈheːrvaːr, colloquial Fehérvár Stuhlweißenburg İstolni Belgrad is a city in central Hungary, located around southwest of Székesfehérvár (ˈseːkɛʃfɛˈheːrvaːr, colloquial Fehérvár Stuhlweißenburg İstolni Belgrad is a city in central Hungary, located around southwest of Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Székesfehérvár (ˈseːkɛʃfɛˈheːrvaːr, colloquial Fehérvár Stuhlweißenburg İstolni Belgrad is a city in central Hungary, located around southwest of The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor King of the Romans ( Latin: Rex Romanorum) was the title used by the elected ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the Imperator futurus This article lists the German monarchs, ruling over the territory of Germany from the creation of a separate Eastern Frankish Kingdom in 843 until the end of monarchy in Aachen on 8 November 1414 with his second spouse, Barbara of Celje
• King of Bohemia (1419 – 1437), cr. ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Barbara of Celje ( Croatian and Slovenian Barbara Celjska; Hungarian Cillei Borbála) or Barbara of Cilli (c This is a list of rulers of Bohemia. Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia are territories which are or have in Prague on 27 July 1420
• Hereditary Duke of Luxemburg (1419 – 1437)
• King of Italy (1433 – 1437), cr. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. For other uses of Luxembourg see Luxembourg (disambiguation The territory of Luxembourg was ruled successively by Counts in Milan on 25 November 1431
• Holy Roman Emperor (1433 – 1437), cr. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states in Rome on 31 May 1433

Biography

Early life

Mary of Hungary

Born in Prague, Sigismund ('Zsigmond' in Hungarian) was a son of the emperor Charles IV and Elizabeth of Pomerania, Heiress Presumptive of Poland by her maternal grandfather, King Casimir III of Poland, the daughter of Bogislaw V of Pomerania and Princess Elizabeth of Poland. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of Charles IV ( Czech: Karel IV, German: Karl IV, Hungarian: IV Károly; 14 May 1316 &ndash Elizabeth of Pomerania (1347 &ndash 15 April, 1393) was the fourth and final wife of Charles IV Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia An heir presumptive is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne peerage or other hereditary honor but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an Heir apparent Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland A king is a male Monarch, or a Head of state, who may or may not depending on the style of government of a nation exercise monarchal powers over a territory usually Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz Wielki April 30 1310 – November 5 1370 last King of Poland from the Piast dynasty (1333–1370 was the son of King Władysław Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Bogislaw V (Bogusław Bogislaus (c 1318 &ndash 23 April 1374) was a Duke of Pomerania. In 1374 was betrothed to Mary, eldest surviving daughter of king Louis I of Hungary and Poland, who intended Mary to succeed him in the hereditary kingdom of Poland with her future husband as was the custom of the time. For the Habsburg consort of Louis II of Hungary, later Regent of the Netherlands see Mary of Austria (1505-1558 Mary of Hungary (c Louis I the Great (I (Nagy Lajos Ludwik Węgierski Serbian: Lajoš I/Лајош I Croatian: Ludovik I Czech: Ludvík I Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Sigismund became margrave of Brandenburg on his father's death in 1378. This article lists the Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg during the period of time that Brandenburg was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire Sent to the Hungarian court, Sigismund became thoroughly Magyarized and entirely devoted to his adopted country.

In 1381, the then 13-year-old Sigismund was sent to Krakow by his eldest brother and guardian king Venceslaus IV of Bohemia, to learn Polish and to become acquainted with the land and its people. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Wenceslaus (also Wenceslas, Wenzel Václav Venceslao February 26, 1361 – August 16 1419) called the Drunkard, was King Venceslaus also gave him Neumark to facilitate communication between Brandenburg and Poland. The Neumark ( also known as the New March (Nowa Marchia or East Brandenburg ( was a region of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg,

Because of his intrigues, Sigismund was expelled from Poland, which was then given to Mary's younger sister Jadwiga I of Poland, who married Jogaila of Lithuania. Jadwiga of Anjou (1373/4 – July 17 1399 was King of Poland from 1384 to her death Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. When an opposing candidate for the Árpád throne appeared, Sigismund fled, leaving his wife Mary and her mother, widow of King Louis, Elisabeth of Bosnia (Elizabeta Kotromanić) at the mercy of conspirators. Elizabeth of Bosnia (1340 &ndash 1387 was the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Hungary and Poland. Years of civil war followed.

King of Hungary

At the death of her father in 1382, his betrothed, Mary, became Queen of Hungary, (Mary of Hungary) and Sigismund married her in 1385 in Zvolen. For the Habsburg consort of Louis II of Hungary, later Regent of the Netherlands see Mary of Austria (1505-1558 Mary of Hungary (c Zvolen ( Hungarian: Zólyom Altsohl is a town in central Slovakia, situated on the confluence of Hron and Slatina rivers close to She was however captured , together with her mother Elisabeth of Bosnia (the Regent of Hungary) in the following year by the rebellious Horvathys, Bishop Paul of Machva, his brother Ivanish and younger brother Ladislaus. Elizabeth of Bosnia (1340 &ndash 1387 was the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Hungary and Poland. This was according to an elaborate plan by the seventeen year-old Sigismund himself, and his mother-in-law was strangled (allegedly by Sigismund's men) in January 1387. Mary was only rescued in June 1387 through the aid of the Venetians (her uncle by adoption, Stefan Tvrtko of Bosnia, was then an honorary Venetian citizen), and she apparently reconciled with the Horvathys. Stephen Tvrtko I ( Bosnian, Croatian: Stjepan Tvrtko; Serbian: Stefan Tvrtko, Cyrillic: Стефан (1338 Mary never forgave Sigismund for the death of her beloved mother, despite his claim to have punished the murderers, and subsequently they lived separate lives and had separate households. She died in 1395 in a suspicious horse accident while heavily pregnant.

In the meantime, Sigismund had arranged his own coronation as king of Hungary on 31 March 1387, and having raised money by pledging Brandenburg to his cousin Jobst, margrave of Moravia (1388), he was engaged for the next nine years in a ceaseless struggle for the possession of this unstable throne. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Jobst (or Jost or Jodokus) of Moravia (Jošt Lucemburský Josse de Luxembourg) was born in 1351 as the eldest son of John Henry of The bulk of the nation headed by the great Garay family was with him; but in the southern provinces between the Save and the Drave, the Horvathys with the support of the Bosnian king Tvrtko I, Mary's maternal uncle, proclaimed as their king Ladislas, king of Naples, son of the murdered Hungarian king, Charles II. Stephen Tvrtko I ( Bosnian, Croatian: Stjepan Tvrtko; Serbian: Stefan Tvrtko, Cyrillic: Стефан (1338 Ladislas the Magnanimous (also spelled Ladislaus; July 14, 1376 / February 11, 1377 &ndash August 6 Charles III King of Naples (1345 – February 24, 1386, Visegrad, Hungary) also known as Charles II of Hungary, Charles of Not until 1395 did Miklos Garay succeed in suppressing them. On a number of occasions, Sigismund was imprisoned by nobles, but skilfully bribed his way out.

In 1396 Sigismund led the combined armies of Christendom against the Turks, who had taken advantage of the temporary helplessness of Hungary to extend their dominion to the banks of the Danube. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj This crusade, preached by Pope Boniface IX, was very popular in Hungary. Pope Boniface IX (1356 &ndash October 1, 1404) born Piero Tomacelli, was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism from November The nobles flocked in thousands to the royal standard, and were reinforced by volunteers from nearly every part of Europe, the most important contingent being that of the French led by John, duke of Nevers, son of Philip II, duke of Burgundy. John the Fearless (Jean sans Peur also John II Duke of Burgundy, known as John of Valois and John of Burgundy ( May 28 1371 Philip the Bold (Philippe le Hardi also Philip II Duke of Burgundy ( January 15, 1342, Pontoise &ndash April 27, 1404 Sigismund set out with 90,000 men and a flotilla of 70 galleys. After capturing Vidin, he camped before the fortress of Nicopolis. Vidin (Видин is a town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. Nikopol (Никопол historically Νικόπολις Nicopolis is a town in northern Bulgaria, part of Pleven Province, on the right bank of the Danube Sultan Bayezid I raised the siege of Constantinople and, at the head of 140,000 men, completely defeated the Christian forces in the Battle of Nicopolis fought between 25 and 28 September 1396. Bayezid I ( Ottoman: بايزيد الأول Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman ییلدیرم "the Thunderbolt" Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. He returned across the sea and through the realm of Zeta, where he ordained a local Serb lord Đurađ with the islands of Hvar and Korčula for resistance against the Turks, which were returned to Sigismund after his death in April of 1403. Zeta (Serbian Cyrillic Зета, Latin Zenta) was a principality whose territory was mostly Serbian territories that approximately encompass present-day Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Đurađ II Stracimirović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Ђурађ II Страцимировић Балшић anglicized Djuradj or George; archaic version Đurđe Hvar ( local Croatian dialect: Hvor or For, Pharos Φαρος Pharina Lesina is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea, located off Korčula ( Greek Κορκυρα Μελαινα Latin Corcyra Nigra, Korkyra Melaina, Old-Slavic Krkar, Venetian

Deprived of his authority in Hungary, Sigismund then turned his attention to securing the succession in Germany and Bohemia, and was recognized by his childless step-brother Wenceslaus IV as vicar-general of the whole Empire. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Wenceslaus (also Wenceslas, Wenzel Václav Venceslao February 26, 1361 – August 16 1419) called the Drunkard, was He was unable to support Wenceslaus when he was deposed in 1400 and Rupert III, elector Palatine of the Rhine, was elected German king in his stead. Rupert of Germany (Ruprecht III "Klem" Pfalzgraf bei Rhein of the house of Wittelsbach ( 5 May 1352 &ndash 18 May 1410

During these years he was also involved in domestic difficulties, out of which sprang a second war with Ladislas of Naples; on his return to Hungary in 1401 he was once imprisoned and twice deposed. This struggle in its turn led to a war with the Republic of Venice, as Ladislas before departing to his own land had sold the Dalmatian cities to the Venetians for 100,000 ducats. The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica In 1401 Sigismund assisted a rising against Wenceslaus, during the course of which the German and Bohemian king was made a prisoner, and Sigismund ruled Bohemia for nineteen months. He released Wenceslas in 1403.

In 1404 he introduced the placetum regium. According to this decree papal bulls couldn't be pronounced in Hungary without the consent of the king. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and

In about 1406 he remarried Mary's cousin Barbara of Celje (Barbara Celjska, nicknamed the "Messalina of Germany"), daughter of Hermann II of Celje. Barbara of Celje ( Croatian and Slovenian Barbara Celjska; Hungarian Cillei Borbála) or Barbara of Cilli (c Hermann II (Herman II Celjski Hermann Graf von Cilli Ortenburg und Seger (c Celje ( Cilli Cille is the third largest City in Slovenia. Exhibiting the typical characteristics of a Central European city it is the Hermann's mother Katarina Kotromanić (of the House ofKotromanic) and Mary's mother Queen Elizabeta (Elisabeth_of_Bosnia) were sisters, or cousins who were adopted sisters. The Kotromanić dynasty is a Bosnian ruling house that ruled in the regions of Bosnia and the surrounding lands from the 13th century as Bans until the Elizabeth of Bosnia (1340 &ndash 1387 was the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Hungary and Poland. Tvrtko I was their first cousin and adopted brother, and perhaps even became heir apparent to Queen Mary. Stephen Tvrtko I ( Bosnian, Croatian: Stjepan Tvrtko; Serbian: Stefan Tvrtko, Cyrillic: Стефан (1338 Tvrtko may have been murdered in 1391 on Sigismund's order. Stephen Tvrtko I ( Bosnian, Croatian: Stjepan Tvrtko; Serbian: Stefan Tvrtko, Cyrillic: Стефан (1338

Sigismund personally lead an army of almost 50,000 "crusaders" against the Croats and Bosnians, which culminated in 1408 with the Battle of Dobor, and a massacre of about 200 noble families, many of them victors of numerous battles against the Ottomans. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries This is page about Bosnians (as citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina) He founded his personal order of knighthood, the Order of the Dragon, after this victory. The Order of the Dragon ( lat. Societas Draconistrarum, ger. der Drachenorden, hun. Members of the order were mostly his political allies and supporters.

King of the Romans

After the death of Rupert, King of Germany (or 'King of the Romans') in 1410, Sigismund - ignoring the claims of his half-brother Wenceslas - was elected as successor three of the electors on 10 September 1410, but he was opposed by his cousin Jobst of Moravia, who had been elected by four electors in a different election on 1 October. Rupert of Germany (Ruprecht III "Klem" Pfalzgraf bei Rhein of the house of Wittelsbach ( 5 May 1352 &ndash 18 May 1410 Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Jobst (or Jost or Jodokus) of Moravia (Jošt Lucemburský Josse de Luxembourg) was born in 1351 as the eldest son of John Henry of Jobst's death 18 January 1411 removed this conflict and Sigismund was again elected King on 21 July 1411. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World His coronation was deferred until 8 November 1414, when it took place at Aix-la-Chapelle. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French,

Anti-Polish alliances

On a number of occasions, and in 1410 in particular, Sigismund allied himself with the Teutonic Knights against Wladyslaw Jagiello of Poland. The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. However, he was opposed by most of his noblemen and was prevented to participate in the alliance of twenty-two western states against Poland in the decisive Battle of Grünwald in July of that year. The Battle of Grunwald (or 1st Battle of Tannenberg) took place on 15 July 1410 with the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led by

Sigismund and Barbara of Celje at the Council of Constance.

Council of Constance

In 1412 – 23 he campaigned against the Venetians in Italy. The king took advantage of the difficulties of Antipope John XXIII to obtain a promise that a council should be called to Constance in 1414 to settle the Western Schism. Pope John XXIIIPope John (numbering Baldassarre Cossa (c 1370 &ndash November 22 1419 also known as John XXIII, was Pope or Antipope during In the Roman Catholic Church, the Council of Constance is the 16th Ecumenical council. Konstanz (in English formerly known as Constance) is a university town of around 80000 inhabitants at the western end of Lake Constance The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism (also known as the Western Schism) was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417 He took a leading part in the deliberations of this assembly, and during the sittings made a journey into France, England and Burgundy in a vain attempt to secure the abdication of the three rival popes. Burgundy is a region of Western Europe which has existed as a political entity in a number of forms with very different boundaries The council ended in 1418, solving the Schism and — of great consequence to Sigismund's future career — having the Czech religious reformer, Jan Hus, burned at the stake for heresy in July 1415. Jan Hus ( (ˈjan ˈɦus alternative spellings John Hus, Jan Huss, John Huss) (c Execution by burning has a long history as a method of Punishment for Crimes such as Treason, Heresy and Witchcraft Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief The complicity of Sigismund in the death of Hus is a matter of controversy. He had granted him a safe-conduct and protested against his imprisonment; and the reformer was burned during his absence.

It was also at this Council that a cardinal ventured to correct Sigismund’s Latin (he had construed the word schisma as feminine rather than neuter). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. To this Sigismund famously replied:

An alliance with England against France, and an attempt to secure peace in Germany by a league of the towns, which failed owing to the hostility of the princes, were his main acts of these years. Also, Sigismund granted control of the Margrave of Brandenburg (which he had received back after Jobst's death) to Frederick I of Hohenzollern, burgrave of Nuremberg (1415). Frederick (Friedrich September 21, 1371 &ndash September 20, 1440) was Burgrave of Nuremberg as Frederick VI and This step made the Hohenzollern family one of the most important in Germany.

Non contemporary portrait by Albrecht Dürer. Albrecht Dürer (ˈalbʀɛçt ˈdyʀɐ ( May 21, 1471 &ndash April 6, 1528) was a German painter, Printmaker

Hussite Wars

In 1419 the death of Wenceslaus IV left Sigismund titular king of Bohemia (as Zikmund), but he had to wait for seventeen years before the Czechs would acknowledge him. This is a list of rulers of Bohemia. Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia are territories which are or have Czechs (Češi ˈt͡ʃɛʃɪ archaic Čechové) are a western Slavic people of Central Europe, living predominantly in the Czech Republic But although the two dignities of king of the Romans and king of Bohemia added considerably to his importance, and indeed made him the nominal head of Christendom, they conferred no increase of power and financially embarrassed him. It was only as king of Hungary that he had succeeded in establishing his authority and in doing anything for the order and good government of the land. Entrusting the government of Bohemia to Sophia, the widow of Wenceslaus, he hastened into Hungary. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the

The Bohemians, who distrusted him as the betrayer of Hus, were soon in arms; and the flame was fanned when Sigismund declared his intention of prosecuting the war against heretics. Three campaigns against the Hussites ended in disaster. The Turks were again attacking Hungary. The king, unable to obtain support from the German princes, was powerless in Bohemia. His attempts at the diet of Nuremberg in 1422 to raise a mercenary army were foiled by the resistance of the towns; and in 1424 the electors, among whom was Sigismund's former ally, Frederick I of Hohenzollern, sought to strengthen their own authority at the expense of the king. Although the scheme failed, the danger to Germany from the Hussites led to the Union of Bingen, which virtually deprived Sigismund of the leadership of the war and the headship of Germany.

Iron Crown of Lombardy, kept in the Cathedral of Monza.

In 1428 he led another campaign against the Turks, but again with few results. In 1431 he went to Milan where on 25 November he received the Iron Crown; after which he remained for some time at Siena, negotiating for his coronation as emperor and for the recognition of the Council of Basel by Pope Eugenius IV. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the The Iron Crown of Lombardy ( Corona Ferrea) is both a reliquary and one of the most ancient royal insignia of Europe Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Siena. Pope Eugene IV (1383 &ndash February 23, 1447) born Gabriele Condulmer, was Pope from March 3, 1431, to his death He was crowned emperor at Rome on 31 May 1433, and after obtaining his demands from the Pope returned to Bohemia, where he was recognized as king in 1436, though his power was little more than nominal. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.

He died in 19 December 1437 at Znaim (in Czech Znojmo, Moravia (now Czech Republic, and was buried at Nagyvárad, Hungary (in German Grosswardein, in Romanian Oradea, now Romania). Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Znojmo (ˈznojmo Znaim is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, near the border with Lower Austria. Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the Znojmo (ˈznojmo Znaim is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, near the border with Lower Austria. Moravia (Morava; Morawy Moravie Moravia is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Oradea (pronunciation in Romanian:, Hungarian: Nagyvárad, colloquially also Várad, German: Großwardein, former Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Oradea (pronunciation in Romanian:, Hungarian: Nagyvárad, colloquially also Várad, German: Großwardein, former Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Oradea (pronunciation in Romanian:, Hungarian: Nagyvárad, colloquially also Várad, German: Großwardein, former Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania By his second wife, Barbara of Celje, he left an only daughter, Elisabeth, who was married to Albert V, duke of Austria (later German king as Albert II) whom Sigismund named as his successor. Barbara of Celje ( Croatian and Slovenian Barbara Celjska; Hungarian Cillei Borbála) or Barbara of Cilli (c Albert II of Habsburg ( August 10, 1397 &ndash October 27, 1439) was King of the Romans (ruler of Germany within the As he left no sons his line of the house of Luxembourg became extinct on his death. The House of Luxembourg was a mediæval Luxembourgian noble family

Illegitimate Issue

King and Emperor Sigismund married twice but the otherwise lucky monarch in his all life, had little luck in his succession. A king is a male Monarch, or a Head of state, who may or may not depending on the style of government of a nation exercise monarchal powers over a territory usually An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of An only child was produced from his each marriages. His first-born child, probably a son, however, was born prematurely through a horse riding accident of Queen Mary of Hungary well advanced in pregnancy, and died immediately after his birth together with his mother in the hills of Buda on May 17, 1395. For the Habsburg consort of Louis II of Hungary, later Regent of the Netherlands see Mary of Austria (1505-1558 Mary of Hungary (c Buda ( German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Slovak / Czech: Budín, Serbian: Будим or Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. This caused a deep succession crisis because Sigismund ruled over Hungary by right of his wife, and although he managed to keep his power, the succession crisis lasted essentially until his second marriage. The second-born child was already born "in the purple", probably in the castle of Visegrád on October 7, 1409 but it was "only" a daughter, namely Princess Elisabeth, the future queen consort of Hungary, Germany and Bohemia. Visegrád Group Visegrád is a small Castle town in Pest County, Hungary. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Princess is the feminine form of Prince (from Latin Princeps, meaning principal citizen A queen consort is the title given to the wife of a reigning king. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Then Queen Barbara of Celje was seventeen years old, and she got barren and later she cannot have given birth to any further issue. Barbara of Celje ( Croatian and Slovenian Barbara Celjska; Hungarian Cillei Borbála) or Barbara of Cilli (c Elisabeth was the only surviving legitimate offspring of Sigismund. Despite of his daughter he is said to have an illegitimate son from a woman of Wallachia, Elisabeth Morsina (Morzsinai in Hungarian), who later married a Wallachian boyar, Voicu (Vojk, Vajk in Hungarian). This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania This article refers to the aristocratic title of boyar. For the Boyar caste of India, see Boyar (caste. Saint Stephen I ( Hungarian: I (Szent István) (967/969/975 Esztergom, Hungary – August 15, 1038, Esztergom-Szentkirály It was John Hunyadi, the future regent of Hungary and father of king Matthias I Corvinus of Hungary. John Hunyadi ( Medieval Latin: Ioannes Corvinus, Hungarian: Hunyadi János, (c A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic A king is a male Monarch, or a Head of state, who may or may not depending on the style of government of a nation exercise monarchal powers over a territory usually Matthias Corvinus ( Matthias the Just; February 23 1443 &ndash April 6 1490) was King of Hungary and

Genealogy

• 1st spouse: Mary I of Anjou (1371-1395)
  • N of Luxemburg (Son) (1395-1395)
• 2nd spouse: Barbara of Celje (1392-1451)
  • Elisabeth of Luxemburg (1409-1442), married in 1421 Albert of Habsburg
• (Presumed) Mistress: Elisabeth Morsina
  • John Hunyadi (1409-1456)

Names in other languages

• German: Sigismund (von Luxemburg)
• Hungarian: (Luxemburgi) Zsigmond
• Italian: Sigismondo (del Lussemburgo)
• Czech: Zikmund (Lucemburský)
• Slovak: Žigmund (Luxemburský)
• Croatian and Serbian: Žigmund (Luksemburški)/Жигмунд (Луксембуршки)
• Slovene: Sigismund (Luksemburški)
• Romanian: Sigismund de Luxemburg

Ancestors

See also

• Kings of Germany family tree. For the Habsburg consort of Louis II of Hungary, later Regent of the Netherlands see Mary of Austria (1505-1558 Mary of Hungary (c Barbara of Celje ( Croatian and Slovenian Barbara Celjska; Hungarian Cillei Borbála) or Barbara of Cilli (c Albert II of Habsburg ( August 10, 1397 &ndash October 27, 1439) was King of the Romans (ruler of Germany within the John Hunyadi ( Medieval Latin: Ioannes Corvinus, Hungarian: Hunyadi János, (c The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the The Slovak language ( slovenčina, slovenský jazyk, not to be confused with Slovenščina) sometimes referred to as "Slovakian" Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Slovene or Slovenian ( slovenski jezik or slovenščina, not to be confused with Slovenčina) is a South Slavic language Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Charles IV ( Czech: Karel IV, German: Karl IV, Hungarian: IV Károly; 14 May 1316 &ndash John the Blind ( Luxembourgish: Jang de Blannen; German: Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg Henry VII ( Heinrich; c 1275 (or 1279 &ndash 24 August 1313) was the King of Germany (or Rex Romanorum) from 1308 and Margaret of Brabant ( 4 October 1276 &ndash 14 December 1311, Genoa) was the daughter of John I Duke of Brabant and Wenceslaus II Premyslid (Václav II Wacław II Czeski September 27, 1271 &ndash June 21, 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278 - 1305 Elizabeth of Pomerania (1347 &ndash 15 April, 1393) was the fourth and final wife of Charles IV Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia Bogislaw V (Bogusław Bogislaus (c 1318 &ndash 23 April 1374) was a Duke of Pomerania. Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz Wielki April 30 1310 – November 5 1370 last King of Poland from the Piast dynasty (1333–1370 was the son of King Władysław Aldona (baptized Ona or Anna; her pagan name Aldona is known only from the writings of Maciej Stryjkowski; Casimir was seeking allies over the dispute The following image is a Family tree of every king monarch confederation president and emperor of Germany, from Louis the German in 843 through to He was related to every other king of Germany.

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
• H. Horváth: Zsigmond király és kora (English: King Sigismund and his age; Budapest, 1937)
• B. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Kéry: Kaiser Sigismund Ikonographie (Vienna and Munich, 1972)
• E. Mályusz: Zsigmond király uralma Magyarországon, 1387 – 1437 (English: King Sigismund’s reign in Hungary, 1387 – 1437; Budapest, 1984)
• E. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Marosi (ed), Művészet Zsigmond király korában, 1387 – 1437 (English: Art in the age of King Sigismund, 1387 – 1437, 2 vols, exh. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States cat. ; Budapest, Hist. Mus. , 1987)
• J. Hoensch, Kaiser Sigismund: Herrscher an der Schwelle zur Neuzeit, 1368 – 1437 (Munich, 1996)
• M. Pauly und F. Reinert, eds. : "Sigismund von Luxemburg: ein Kaiser in Europa". Tagungsband des internationalen historischen und kunsthistorischen Kongresses in Luxemburg, 8 June to 10 June 2005(Mainz, 2006)
• I. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Takacs: Sigismundus rex et imperator: Kunst und Kultur zur Zeit Sigismunds von Luxemburg 1387 – 1437 (English: Sigismund, king and emperor: Art and culture in the age of Sigisumd of Luxembourg 1387 – 1437; exh. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States cat. ; Mainz, 2006)
• http://www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/sigismund_deutscher_koenig_1437_luxemburger/sigismund_von_luxemburg_deutscher_koenig_+_1437.html

Notes

External links

• Art, images, maps connected to Sigismund