| Siege of Pskov | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Livonian War | |||||||
 A Siege of Pskov, an etching by Boris Chorikov for "Picturesque Karamzin, the Russian history in pictures" published in 1836. The Livonian War of 1558–1582 was a lengthy military conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and variable coalition of Denmark–Norway, Grand Duchy of Pskov (Псков ancient Russian spelling Пльсковъ Pleskov) in Latvian Pleskava, in Estonian Pihkva, is an ancient city located in Boris Artemyevich Chorikov (Борис Артемьевич Чориков (1802 - 1866 was a Russian Graphic artist. | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth | Tsardom of Russia | ||||||
| Commanders | |||||||
| King Stefan Batory Jan Zamoyski | Prince Ivan Shuisky Prince Vasili Skopin-Shuisky | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 31 000 | 16 000 | ||||||
The Siege of Pskov, known as the Pskov Defense in Russia (оборона Пскова in Russian) took place between August of 1581 and February of 1582, when the army of the Polish king Stefan Batory laid an unsuccessful siege and successful blockade to the city of Pskov during the final stage of the Livonian War of 1558-1583. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Poland, or at least its nucleus was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes(ca This article is about the ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th century Pskov (Псков ancient Russian spelling Пльсковъ Pleskov) in Latvian Pleskava, in Estonian Pihkva, is an ancient city located in The Livonian War of 1558–1582 was a lengthy military conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and variable coalition of Denmark–Norway, Grand Duchy of
The first detachments of the Polish-Lithuanian army, which in the past two years captured Polock (1579) and Velikiye Luki (1580) appeared at the walls of Pskov on August 18, 1581. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic The noun Polack (pō'lāk' used in the English language is a Derogatory reference to a person of Polish descent and an Onomatopoeia imitating the sound Velikiye Luki (Вели́кие Лу́ки name also romanized as Velikie Luki, is a city on the meandering Lovat River in the southern Pskov (Псков ancient Russian spelling Пльсковъ Pleskov) in Latvian Pleskava, in Estonian Pihkva, is an ancient city located in Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. This action completely cut off Russian forces from territory of Livonia. Livonia (Līvõmō Latvian and Livonija Estonian: Liivimaa; Finnish: Liivinmaa; German and Swedish: Livland The main forces of the invaders (31,000 men[1]) laid siege to the city on August 24-26. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Prince Vasili Skopin-Shuisky was nominally in charge of the defense of Pskov, but Prince Ivan Shuisky was the one to actually implement it. Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a The Princes Shuisky (Шуйские were a Rurikid family of Boyars descending from Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Vladimir-Suzdal The latter had up to 4,000 dvoryane, streltsy, and Cossacks and some 12,000 armed citizens of Pskov and its surroundings at his disposal. The Russian Nobility (Дворянство Dvoryanstvo) arose in the 14th century and essentially governed Russia until the October Revolution Streltsy (Стрельцы were the units of Russian guardsmen ( sl The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern
After a two-day shelling of Pskov, the Polish army attacked the city for the first time on September 8. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz The Russians repelled the assault, which resulted in heavy losses for the Poles. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Attempts to blow up the fortifications with mines and a general attack on November 2 turned out to be fruitless, as well. Mining, undermining, or sapping was a Siege method used since antiquity against a Walled city, Fortress or Castle Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 In November, some of Polish forces attacked the Pskovo-Pechorsky Monastery, but with no result. Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery or The Pskovo-Pechersky Dormition Monastery or Pskov-Caves Dormition Monastery (Пско́во-Печ́ерский Успе́нский
King Stefan Batory then ordered a passive siege, and the battle became a blockade. On December 1 the King left the siege together with most of the Lithuanian Army, volunteers and German mercenaries. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican The command over the remaining forces was given to Zamoyski. At the same time, during all the siege in 1581, Polish cavalry raids devastated many regions of Russia, reaching Volga and Ladoga Lake. Lake Ladoga (Лáдожское Óзеро Ladozhskoye Ozero; Laatokka is a Freshwater Lake located in Republic of Karelia and Leningrad The regular cavalry was the best part of invaders forces. In the harsh winter of 1581-2 the rest of the besieging army would have mutinied without the iron will of the Chancellor Jan Zamojski. Biography Early years the royal supporter He attended the University of Paris and University of Padua, where he converted from Calvinism The Chancellor have held the blockade, although the Russian partisans had been active in the Pskov area, attacking enemy foragers and communications. A partisan is a member of an Irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way
The Pskovian garrison undertook frequent sallies (approximately 46[2]), mostly in November and December of 1581. Garrison (various spellings (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip" is the collective term for a body of Troops There were 31 attacks by Polish troops during the five month siege[3]. The siege dragged on, with neither side able to end it; in the meantime diplomatic negotiations, in which Vatican became involved, led to the end of hostilities. The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic
Stefan Batory and Ivan IV finally signed the Treaty of Jam Zapolski on January 15; Russia renounced its claims to Livonia and Polotsk and in exchange the Commonwealth returned Russian territories its armies had captured. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Livonia (Līvõmō Latvian and Livonija Estonian: Liivimaa; Finnish: Liivinmaa; German and Swedish: Livland On February 4 of 1582, the last detachments of the Polish-Lithuanian army left the outskirts of Pskov. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons
See also
References
- The battle in the larger picture is described on the following pages: 1577-1582 War with Muscovy, THE STRUGGLE FOR THE DOMINIUM MAR1S BALTICI
- Jasienica, Paweł Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów. Srebrny wiek ISBN 83-07-02520-6
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