The Siegbahn notation is used in x-ray spectroscopy to name the spectral lines that are characteristic to elements. X-ray spectroscopy is a gathering name for several spectroscopic techniques for determining the electronic structure of materials by using X-ray excitation Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between Radiation and Matter as a function of Wavelength (λ It was created by Manne Siegbahn. Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn ( December 3, 1886 - September 26, 1978) was a Swedish Physicist, and Nobel laureate
The characteristic lines in x-ray emission spectra correspond to electronic transitions where an electron jumps down to an unfilled level in one of the inner shells of an atom. Molecular electronic transitions take place when Valence electrons in a Molecule are excited from one Energy level to a higher energy level Such a hole in en inner shell may have been produced by bombardment with electrons in an x-ray tube, by other particles as in PIXE, by other x-rays in x-ray fluorescence or by radioactive decay of the atom's nucleus. An X-ray tube is a Vacuum tube that produces X-rays They are part of X-ray machines X-rays are part of the Electromagnetic spectrum, an Particle-Induced X-ray Emission or Proton Induced X-ray Emission ( PIXE) is a technique used in the determining of the elemental make-up of a material or X-ray fluorescence (XRF is the emission of characteristic "secondary" (or fluorescent X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable Atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and Radiation.
The table below show the correspondence between the name of a few lines and the electronic levels.
| Low energy level | High energy level | Name of the line |
|---|---|---|
| K (1s) | L3 (2p3/2) | Kα1 |
| L2 (2p1/2) | Kα2 | |
| M3 (3p3/2) | Kβ1 | |
| L3 (2p3/2) | M5 (3d5/2) | Lα1 |
| L2 (2p1/2) | M4 (3d3/2) | Lβ1 |
| M5 (3d5/2) | N7 (5p3/2) | Mα1 |
This notation is widely used in spectroscopy, but the IUPAC (International union of pure and applied chemistry) recommends another notation. In X-ray spectroscopy, K-alpha emission lines result when an electron transitions to the innermost "K" shell (principal quantum number 1 from a 2p orbital of the The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC) (aɪjuːpæk or ay-yoo-pec) is an international Non-governmental organization The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC) (aɪjuːpæk or ay-yoo-pec) is an international Non-governmental organization
| Siegbahn notation | IUPAC notation |
|---|---|
| Kα1 | K-L3 |
| Kα2 | K-L2 |
| Kβ1 | K-M3 |
| Lα1 | L3-M5 |
| Lβ1 | L2-M4 |
| Mα1 | M5-N7 |
References
- Nomenclature system for x-ray spectroscopy (1991) IUPAC. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC) (aɪjuːpæk or ay-yoo-pec) is an international Non-governmental organization
See also
Moseley's law is an Empirical law concerning the characteristic x-rays that are emitted by Atoms It is historically important in quantitatively justifyingDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic