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Saint Sidonius Apollinaris
Bornc. 430, Lugdunum, Gaul
Diedc. 489
Venerated inRoman Catholic Church
FeastAugust 21
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Gaius (or Caius) Sollius (Modestus) Apollinaris Sidonius or Saint Sidonius Apollinaris (November 5[1] of an unknown year, perhaps 430 – August, 489), a poet, diplomat, and bishop. The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Events By Place Asia Feng Ba abdicates as emperor of the Northern Yan, one of the states vying for control of China Events By place Europe Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, continues his invasion of Italy with the approval of Byzantine A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Sidonius was "the single most important surviving author from fifth-century Gaul" according to Eric Goldberg. [2] He was one of four fifth- to sixth-century Gallo-Roman aristocrats whose letters survive in quantity; the others are Ruricius bishop of Limoges (died 507), Alcimus Ecdicius Avitus, bishop of Vienne (died 518) and Magnus Felix Ennodius of Arles, bishop of Ticinum (died 534). This article covers the culture of Romanized areas of Gaul. For the political history of the brief "Gallic Empire" of the 3rd century see Gallic Empire Ruricius I (ca440 to approx 510 a Gallo-Roman aristocrat and Bishop of Limoges from ca For the area code see Area code 507 Events By Place Europe Battle of Vouillé: Clovis I Alcimus Ecdicius Avitus Saint Avitus was Bishop of Vienne in Gaul (c The Archbishopric of Vienne, named after its episcopal see Vienne in the Isère département of southern France was a metropolitan Roman Catholic archdiocese For the area code see Area code 518. Events By Place Byzantine Empire July 9 — Justin becomes emperor Magnus Felix Ennodius (473 or 474 - July 17, 521) was Bishop of Pavia in 514 and a Latin Rhetorician and Poet Events By Place Byzantine Empire January 1 — Decimus Theodorius Paulinus is appointed Consul (the last to hold this All of them were linked in the tightly-bound aristocratic Gallo-Roman network that provided the bishops of Catholic Gaul. This article covers the culture of Romanized areas of Gaul. For the political history of the brief "Gallic Empire" of the 3rd century see Gallic Empire [3] His Feast Day is August 21. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.

Contents

Life

Sidonius was born in Lugdunum (Lyon). This article is about the city in Gaul for other uses of Lugdunum see Lugdunum (disambiguation Colonia Copia Claudia Augusta Lugdunum (modern ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. His father Apollinaris (born circa 405) was the Prefect of Gaul under Valentinian III between 425 and 455 and the son of another Apollinaris, who was Praetorian Prefect of Gaul before 409 and a friend of his successor Decimus Rusticus. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Stilicho orders the Sibylline Books burned Prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: "make in front" i Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Flavius Placidius Valentinianus ( July 2, 419 &ndash March 16, 455) known in English as Valentinian III, was among the last For the US area code see Area code 425. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Events By Place Western Roman Empire March 16 — Valentinian III is murdered by former soldiers of Aëtius, in revenge Praetorian prefect (Latin Praefectus praetorio) was the constant title of a high office in the Roman state that changed fundamentally in nature Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Events By Place Western Roman Empire Constantine III 's general Gerontius revolts in Hispania, and elevates Decimus Rusticus (sometimes Rusticus Decimus) of Treves (then Augusta Treverorum) and Lyon ( Lugdunum) (ca 370 &ndash before 423 He seems to be a descendant of another Apollinaris, Prefect of Gaul under Constantine II between 337 and 340. Flavius Claudius Constantinus, known in English as Constantine II, (316 – 340 was Roman Emperor from 337 to 340 Events By Place Roman Empire September 9 — Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their Events By Place Roman Empire Constantinople, capital of Emperor Constantius II, becomes the largest city of the world taking

Sidonius married Papianilla in about 452. Papianilla (born ca 432) wife of Sidonius Apollinaris, whom she married ca 452, was a daughter of Emperor Avitus. She was the daughter of Emperor Avitus. This article is about the Roman Emperor For the poet see Avitus of Vienne. [4] His life and friendships put him in the center of 5th century Roman affairs.

In 457 Majorianus deprived Avitus of the empire and seized the city of Lyons; Sidonius fell into his hands. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Majorian is declared emperor by Ricimer. Iulius Valerius Maiorianus (November 420 - 7 August 461) commonly known as Majorian, was Western Roman Emperor (457 However, the reputation of the aristocrat's learning led Majorianus to treat him with the greatest respect. In return Sidonis composed a panegyric in his honour (as he had previously done for Avitus), which won for him a statue at Rome and the title of count. In 467 or 468 the emperor Anthemius rewarded him for the panegyric which he had written in honour of him by raising him to the post of Urban Prefect of Rome until 470, and afterwards to the dignity of Patrician and Senator. Events By Place Western Roman Empire April 12 — Anthemius becomes Emperor Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire The Vandal fleet overpowers the navy of Leo I. See Anthemius of Tralles for an architect of Hagia Sophia. For the Praetorian prefect and grandfather of the Emperor see Anthemius (praetorian prefect Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Events By Place Europe Euric, king of the Visigoths, defeats an attempted invasion of Gaul by the Celtic The term " patrician " originally referred to a group of elite families in Ancient Rome, including both their natural and The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. In 470 or 472, more for his political than for his theological abilities, he was chosen to succeed Eparchius in the bishopric of Auvergne (Clermont, now Clermont-Ferrand) until 480. Events By Place Europe Euric, king of the Visigoths, defeats an attempted invasion of Gaul by the Celtic Events By Place Western Roman Empire Relations between Emperor Anthemius and general Ricimer deteriorate completely Auvergne ( Occitan: Auvèrnhe/Auvèrnha) was the name of an historically independent county in the center of France, as well as later a Province of Clermont-Ferrand ( Auvergnat dialect of Occitan: Clarmont-Ferrand / Clarmont d'Auvèrnhe) is a city and commune of France Events By Place Europe Odoacer defeats an attempt by Julius Nepos to recapture Italy, and has Julius killed Most of the previous holders of the benefice have been made saints in the Roman Catholic Church, including his recent predecessor, Saint Namatius (bishop 446-62), who laid the foundations of a proper cathedral. Saint Namatius ( French - Sainte Namace) is a saint in the Roman Catholic church. Sidonius Apollinaris was not a religious man; his election was probably due more to his influential contacts, and his tireless efforts on preserving his corner of Gaul for the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial

On the capture of that city by the Goths in 474 he was imprisoned, as he had taken an active part in its defence; but he was afterwards restored by Euric, king of the Goths, and continued to govern his bishopric as before until his death. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Julius Nepos becomes western Roman Emperor, deposing Glycerius. Euric, also known as Evaric Erwig or Eurico in Spanish and Portuguese (c

Sidonius' relations have been traced over several generations as a narrative of a family's fortunes, from the prominence of his paternal grandfather's time into subsequent decline in the 6th century under the Franks. The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Sidonius son, also named Apollinaris, was a correspondent of Ruricius of Limoges, commanded a unit raised in Auvergne on the losing side of the decisive Battle of Vouille, and also served as bishop of Clermont-Ferrand for 4 months until his death. The Battle of Vouillé or Campus Vogladensis was fought in the northern Marches of Visigothic territory at a small place near Poitiers ( Gaul [5] Sidonius' grandson Arcadius, on hearing a rumor that the Frankish king Theuderic had died, betrayed Clermont-Ferrand to Childebert, only to abandon his wife and mother when Theuderic appeared; his other appearance in the history of Gregory of Tours is as a servant of king Childebert. [6]

Works

His extant works are his Panegyrics on different emperors (in which he draws largely upon Statius, Ausonius and Claudian), which document several important political events. A panegyric is a formal public speech, or (in later use written verse delivered in high praise of a Person or thing, a generally highly studied and discriminating Claudian (lat Claudius Claudianus) was a court Poet to the Emperor Honorius and Stilicho. Carmen 7 is a panegyric to his father-in-law Avitus on his inauguration as emperor. Carmen 5 is a panegyric to Majorian, which offers evidence that Sidonius was able to overcome the natural suspicion and hostility towards the man who was responsible for the death of his father-in-law. Iulius Valerius Maiorianus (November 420 - 7 August 461) commonly known as Majorian, was Western Roman Emperor (457 Carmen 2 is a panegyric to the emperor Anthemius, part of Sidonius' efforts to be appointed Urban Prefect of Rome; several samples of occasional verse; and nine books of Letters, about which W. See Anthemius of Tralles for an architect of Hagia Sophia. For the Praetorian prefect and grandfather of the Emperor see Anthemius (praetorian prefect B. Anderson notes, "Whatever one may think about their style and diction, the letters of Sidonius are an invaluable source of information on many aspects of the life of his time. "[7] While very stilted in diction, these Letters reveal Apollinaris as a man of genial temper, fond of good living and of pleasure. A letter of Sidonius's addressed to Riothamus, "King of the Brittones" (c. Riothamus (also spelled Riotimus, Rigothamus, Rigotamos) was a Romano-British military leader active circa 470 460) is of particular interest, since it provides evidence that a king or military leader with ties to Britain lived around the time frame of King Arthur. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Emperor Majorian is defeated by the Visigoths. King Arthur is a legendary British leader who according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against the Saxon invaders The best edition is that in the Monumenta Germaniae Historica (Berlin, 1887), which gives a survey of the manuscripts. The Monumenta Germaniae Historica (frequently abbreviated MGH in bibliographies and lists of sources is a comprehensive series of carefully edited and published sources An English translation of his poetry and letters by W. B. Anderson, with accompanying Latin text, have been published by the Loeb Classical Library (volume 1, containing his poems and books 1-3 of his letters, 1939; remainder of letters, 1965).

Gregory of Tours speaks of Sidonius as a man who could recite the mass from memory and give unprepared speeches without any hesitation. [8]

Notes

  1. ^ Apollinaris alludes to the date of his birthday in a short poem addressed to his brother-in-law Ecdicius, Carmen 20.
  2. ^ The Fall of the Roman Empire Revisited: Sidonius Apollinaris and His Crisis of Identity
  3. ^ Ralph W. Mathisen, "Epistolography, Literary Circles and Family Ties in Late Roman Gaul" Transactions of the American Philological Association 111 (1981), pp. 95-109.
  4. ^ Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, 2. 21. This is confirmed by the otherwise oblique allusion in Sidonius' own Epistuale 2. 2. 3.
  5. ^ Gregory of Tours, 2. 37, 3. 2
  6. ^ Gregory of Tours, 3. 9, 11
  7. ^ In his introduction to Sidonius: Poems and Letters (Cambridge: Loeb, 1939), vol. 1, p. lxiv.
  8. ^ Gregory of Tours, 2. 22

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

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