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For the Royal Navy ships, see HMS Sidon

View of the new city the Sea Castle. Part of the Sea Castle in front.
View of the new city the Sea Castle. Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Sidon after Sidon, a city in Lebanon: was a first-class paddle Frigate Part of the Sea Castle in front.

Sidon,or Saïda, (Arabic صيدا Ṣaydā; Phoenician צידון Ṣydwn,Greek Σιδώνα) is the third-largest city in Lebanon. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal region then called Pūt in Ancient Egyptian Canaan in Phoenician, Hebrew, and Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية It is located in the South Governorate of Lebanon, on the Mediterranean coast, about 40 km (25 mi) north of Tyre and 40 km (25 mi) south of the capital Beirut. South Governorate (الجنوب transliterated: Al-Janub) is one of the governorates of Lebanon. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States Tyre ( Arabic صور Ṣūr, Phoenician Phoenician wawsvg|12px|ו]] Ṣur, Hebrew Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 Its name means a fishery. It is a city of 200,000 inhabitants mainly of the Muslim Sunni, Shiite, Greek Catholic and Maronite. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic

Contents

History

Sidon on the Mediterranean coast
Sidon on the Mediterranean coast

Sidon was inhabited since 4000 BC and perhaps as early as Neolithic times (6000 - 4000 B. C. ). It was one of the most important Phoenician cities, and may have been the oldest. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun From here, and other ports, a great Mediterranean commercial empire was founded. Homer praised the skill of its craftsmen in producing glass and purple dyes. Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the It was also from here that a colonizing party went to found the city of Tyre. Tyre ( Arabic صور Ṣūr, Phoenician Phoenician wawsvg|12px|ו]] Ṣur, Hebrew Tyre also grew into a great city, and in subsequent years there was competition between the two, each claiming to be the metropolis ('Mother City') of Phoenicia. Glass manufacturing, Sidon's most important enterprise in the Phoenician era, was conducted on a vast scale, and the production of purple dye was almost as important. The small shell of the Murex trunculus was broken in order to extract the pigment that was so rare it became the mark of royalty.

In 1855 AD, the sarcophagus of King Eshmun’azar II was discovered. Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Eshmunazar (אשמנעזר was the name of several Phoenician kings of Sidon. From a Phoenician inscription on its lid, it appears that he was a "king of the Sidonians," probably in the 5th century BC, and that his mother was a priestess of ‘Ashtart, "the goddess of the Sidonians. The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. Astarte (from Greek Ἀστάρτη ( Astártē) is the name of a Goddess as known from Northwestern Semitic regions cognate in name origin " In this inscription the gods Eshmun and Ba‘al Sidon 'Lord of Sidon' (who may or may not be the same) are mentioned as chief gods of the Sidonians. Eshmun (or Eshmoun, less accurately Esmun or Esmoun) was a Phoenician god of healing and the tutelary god of Sidon. Ba'al (pronounced; Hebrew בעל (ordinarily spelled Baal in English is a Northwest Semitic title and honorific meaning "master" or "lord" ‘Ashtart is entitled ‘Ashtart-Shem-Ba‘al '‘Ashtart the name of the Lord', a title also found in an Ugaritic text. The Ugaritic language, discovered by French archaeologists in 1928 is known only in the form of writings found in the lost city of Ugarit, near the modern

Sidon Sea Castle
Sidon Sea Castle

In the years before Jesus, Sidon had many conquerors: Assyrians; Babylonians; Egyptians; Greeks and finally Romans. Sidon Sea Castle is a Castle in Sidon, Lebanon. It was built by the Crusaders in 1228 A Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture Babylon was a City-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Herod the Great visited Sidon; both Jesus and Saint Paul are said to have visited it (see Biblical Sidon below). Herod (הוֹרְדוֹס Horodos, Greek: Herōdes) also known as Herod I or Herod the Great (73 BC – 4 BC in Jericho Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and The city was eventually conquered by the Arabs and then by the Ottoman Turks.

Like other Phoenician city states, Sidon suffered from a succession of conquerors. At the end of the Persian era in 351 BC, it was invaded by the emperor Artaxerxes III and then by Alexander the Great in 333 BC when the Hellenistic era of Sidon began. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Artaxerxes III of Persia ( Ca 425 BC &ndash 338 BC ( Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 transliterated as Artaxšaçrā) was the Great Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. Under the successors of Alexander, it enjoyed relative freedom and organized games and competitions in which the greatest athletes of the region participated. In the Necropolis of Sidon, important finds such as the Alexander Sarcophagus, the Lycian tomb and the Sarcophagus of the Crying Women were discovered, which are now on display at the Istanbul Archaeology Museum in Istanbul. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey [1]

When Sidon fell under Roman domination, it continued to mint its own silver coins. The Romans also built a theater and other major monuments in the city. In the reign of Elagabalus a Roman colonia was established there, and it was given the name of Colonia Aurelia Pia Sidon. During the Byzantine period, when the great earthquake of 551 AD destroyed most of the cities of Phoenicia, Beirut's School of Law took refuge in Sidon. Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 The town continued quietly for the next century, until it was conquered by the Arabs in 636 AD. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding

On December 4, 1110 Sidon was sacked in the First Crusade by King Baldwin of Jerusalem and King Sigurd of Norway. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of conquering the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and freeing It then became the centre of the Lordship of Sidon, an important seigneury in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Lordship of Sidon was one of the four major Fiefdoms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, one of the Crusader States However in reality it appears to have This article is about the Christian kingdom For the history of the city see History of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian During the Crusades it was sacked several times: it was finally destroyed by the Saracens in 1249. Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first then later for all who professed the religion of Islam. In 1260 it was again destroyed by the Mongols. The remains of the original walls are still visible.

After Sidon came under Ottoman Turkish rule in the seventeenth century, it regained a great deal of its earlier commercial importance. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish After World War I it became part of the French Mandate of Lebanon. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A League of Nations mandate refers to a legal status for certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another following World War I. The French Mandate of Lebanon was a League of Nations Mandate created at the end of World War I. During World War II the city, together with the rest of Lebanon, was captured by British forces fighting against the Vichy French, and following the war it became a major city of independent Lebanon. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Vichy ( Occitan: Vichèi) is a commune in the department of Allier in Auvergne in central France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية

Following the Palestinian exodus in 1948, a considerable number of Palestinian refugees arrived in Sidon, as in other Lebanese cities, and were settled at the large refugee camps of Ein el-Hilweh and Mia Mia. The 1948 Palestinian exodus (الهجرة الفلسطينية al-Hijra al-Filasteeniya) referred to by Palestinians as al Naqba (النكبة Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn Ain al-Hilweh (variously Ayn al-Hilweh Ein al-Hilweh etc the literal meaning is "sweet spring " (عين الحلوة is the largest Palestinian At first these consisted of enormous rows of tents, but gradually houses were constructed. The refugee camps constituted de-facto neighborhoods of Sidon, but had a separate legal and political status which made them into a kind of enclaves. At the same time, the remaining Jews of the city fled, and the Jewish cemetery fell into disrepair, threatened by coastal erosion.

Sidon today

In 1900 it was a town of 10,000 inhabitants; in 2000 its population was around 200,000. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Although there is little level land around the city, some wheat and vegetables are grown and there is much fruit also; some fishing is carried on. The heavily-silted ancient port is now used only by small coastal vessels. There is also a refinery there.

A state-of-the-art stadium was inaugurated in 2000 for the Asian Football Confederation's Cup 2000. Saida International Stadium (إستاد صيدا الدولي is a 22600 capacity multi-use Stadium in Saida (Sidon Zidon Lebanon. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Asian Football Confederation 's 2000 AFC Asian Cup finals were held in Lebanon between October 12 and October 29.

Tourism

Soap on display inside Sidon Soap Museum
Soap on display inside Sidon Soap Museum
Inside Khan El Franj
Inside Khan El Franj
The Castle of St. Louis
The Castle of St. Louis
Main article: Sidon Sea Castle

Sidon Sea Castle is a fortress built by the Crusaders in the early 13th century. Sidon Sea Castle is a Castle in Sidon, Lebanon. It was built by the Crusaders in 1228 A The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents It is located near the Port of Sidon.

Main article: Sidon Soap Museum

The Sidon Soap Museum traces the history of the soap making in the region and its different manufacturing steps. The Sidon Soap Museum is a Museum in Sidon, Lebanon. It traces the history of soap making in the region its development and manufacturing techniques

Khan El Franj, which means “Caravan of the Foreigners”, was built by Emir Fakhreddine in the 17th century to accommodate merchants and goods. Fakhr-al-Din II also the Great or Fakhreddine II (1572&ndash April 13, 1635) (فخر الدين الثاني بن قرقماز was a Lebanese This is a typical khan with a large rectangular courtyard and a central fountain surrounded by covered galleries.

Debbane Palace is a historical residence built in 1721 AD and is open for the public for visitors to witness the Arab-Ottoman architecture and details of that era (18th Century). It is currently in the process of being transformed into the History Museum of Sidon. [2]

Between the Sea Castle and the Castle of St. Louis stretches the old town and a picturesque vaulted old market

The Castle of St. Louis was built by the Crusaders in the 13th century on top of the remains of a fortress built by the Fatimid caliph Al Muizz. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents Maˤād al-Muˤizz li Dīn Allāh (932&ndash975 (معاذ المعز لدين الله also known as al'Moezz, was the fourth Fatimid Caliph and It is located to the south of old souks near Murex hill.

The temple of Eshmun, the Phoenician God of healing, was built in the 7th century BC and is located in the north of Sidon near the Awali river. Eshmun (or Eshmoun, less accurately Esmun or Esmoun) was a Phoenician god of healing and the tutelary god of Sidon. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun

The Biblical Sidon

The Bible describes Sidon at various places:

Sanchuniathon

Notable people

References

  1. ^ Istanbul Archaeology Museum. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-05-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
  2. ^ Welcome to Debbane Palace

External links

Dictionary

Sidon

-proper noun

  1. The principle city state of Phoenicia in biblical times, now Saida in the present day Lebanon.
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