This page is about the town Side on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches For other uses of "Side", see Side (disambiguation).

Side (IPA: /ˈsiːdǝ/) is one of the best-known classical sites in Turkey, and was an ancient harbour whose name meant pomegranate. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Side is a resort town on the southern coast of Turkey, near the villages of Manavgat and Selimiye, 75 km from Antalya) in the province of Antalya. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Manavgat is a town and district of the Antalya Province in Turkey, from the city of Antalya. the late seventh century BCE Greek settlers from Cyme built Side on a rocky promontory on the Pamphylian shore Antalya (formerly known as Adalia; from Pamphylian Greek: Αττάλεια Attália) is a city on the Mediterranean coast of southwestern Antalya Province is located on the Mediterranean coast of south-west Turkey, between the Taurus Mountains and the Mediterranean sea. ^[1] It is located on the eastern part of the Pamphylian coast, which lies about 20 km east of the mouth of the Eurymedon River. Origins of the Pamphylians There can be little doubt that the Pamphylians and Pisidians were the same people though the former had received colonies from Greece and other Köprüçay is a river which is situated in the Antalya Province, Turkey and emptied into the Mediterranean.

Settlers from Cyme (Cumæans) in Aeolis, an ancient region of northwestern Asia Minor, founded the city in the seventh century BC. Alternative meaning the Aeolis region of Mars. Geography Aeolis was an ancient district on the western coast of Asia Minor Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The 7th century BC started the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC. Possessing a good harbor for small-craft boats, Side's natural geography made it the most important place in Pamphylia – the region in the south of Asia Minor between Lycia and Cilicia, from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus. Origins of the Pamphylians There can be little doubt that the Pamphylians and Pisidians were the same people though the former had received colonies from Greece and other "Sidyma" redirects here For the Moth Genus named thus see Sidyma (moth. Geography Cilicia extended along the Aegean coast east from Pamphylia, to Mount Amanus ( Gavurdağı Mount) which separated it from Syria For the Taurus Mountains on the moon see Montes Taurus. For Mount Taurus outside Cold Spring New York, see Bull Hill. This location made Side one of the most important trade centers in its time. Today, as in yesteryear, the ancient city of Side is situated on a small north-south peninsula about 1 km long and 400 m across. A peninsula is a piece of land that is nearly surrounded by Water but connected to Mainland via an Isthmus. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International

Contents 1 History 1.1 Alexander the Great 1.2 Romans 2 Decline 3 Historical Maps 4 Ruins 5 Today 6 See also 7 Notes 8 External links

History

Strabo and Arrianos both record that Side was settled from Cyme (Aeolis), city in Aeolia, a region of western Anatolia. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. For others with this name see Arrianus (disambiguation. Lucius Flavius Arrianus 'Xenophon' (ca This article is about the ancient Ionian city see also Kymi for the Greek form of Cyme Cyme (or Kymi, also Phriconis Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Most probably, this colonization occurred in the seventh century B. C. . According to Arrianos, when settlers from Kyme came to Side, they could not understand the dialect. For others with this name see Arrianus (disambiguation. Lucius Flavius Arrianus 'Xenophon' (ca After a short while, the influence of this indigenous tongue was so great that the newcomers forgot their native Greek and started using the language of Side. Excavations have revealed several inscriptions written in this language. The inscriptions, dating from the third and second centuries B. C. , remain undeciphered, but testify that the local language was still use several centuries after colonization. Another object found in Side excavations, a basalt column base from the seventh century B. C. and attributable to the Neo-Hittites, provides other evidence of the site's early history. The states that are called Neo-Hittite, or more recently Syro-Hittite, were Luwian, Aramaic and Phoenician -speaking political entities of The word "side" is Anatolian in origin and means pomegranate. The pomegranate ( Punica granatum) is a Fruit -bearing Deciduous Shrub or small Tree growing to between five and eight metres tall

Next to no information exists concerning Side under Lydia and Persian Empire sovereignty. Defining Lydia Aside from a legend related by Herodotus, who states that the name Lydia came from king Lydus at the time of the fall of Troy The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Nevertheless, the fact that Side minted its own coins during the 547 BC while under Persian dominion, shows that it still possessed a great measure of independence. Events and trends 546 BC — Croesus, Lydian king, is defeated by Cyrus of Persia near the River Halys

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great occupied Side without a struggle in 333 BC. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' Events By place Macedonia King Alexander of Macedonia conquers western Asia Minor, subduing the hill tribes of Alexander left only a single garrison behind to occupy the city. This occupation, in turn, introduced the people of Side to Hellenistic culture of the Greek Civilization, which flourished from the fourth century to the first century BC. This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. After Alexander's death, Side fell under the control of one of Alexander's generals, Ptolemy I Soter, who declared himself king of Egypt in 305 BC. For the astronomer see Ptolemy; for others named "Ptolemy" or "Ptolemaeus" see Ptolemy (disambiguation. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Events By place Seleucid Empire Seleucus establishes Seleucia on the Tigris River as his capital The Ptolemaic dynasty controlled Side until it was captured by the Seleucid Empire in the second century BC. The Ptolemaic dynasty (sometimes also known as the Lagids, from the name of Ptolemy I's father Lagus) was a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family The Seleucid Empire /sə'lusɪd/ ( 312 - 63 BC) was a Hellenistic empire i The 2nd century BC started the first day of 200 BC and ended the last day of 101 BC. Yet, despite these occupations, in the following years of the second century BC, Side managed to preserve some autonomy, grew prosperous, and became an important cultural center.

In 190 BC a fleet from the Greek island city-state of Rhodes, supported by Rome and Pergamum, defeated the Seleucid King Antiochus the Great's fleet, which was under the command of the fugitive Carthaginian general, Hannibal. Events By place Greece The Battle of the Eurymedon is fought between a Seleucid fleet and ships from Rhodes and A city-state is a Region controlled exclusively by a City, usually having Sovereignty. Rhodes (Ρόδος Ródos, ˈɾo̞ðo̞s Rodi ردوس Rodos; Ladino: Rodi or Rodes) is a Greek island The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Antiochus III the Great, ( Greek; ca 241&ndash187 BC ruled 222&ndash187 BC younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers Hannibal (Pronounced in Phoenician: Hanniba'al means " Ba'al is my grace " or " Ba'al has given me grace " 247 BC &ndash The defeat of Hannibal and Antiochus the Great meant that Side freed itself from the overlordship of the Seleucid Empire. The Seleucid Empire /sə'lusɪd/ ( 312 - 63 BC) was a Hellenistic empire i The embarrassing Treaty of Apamea (188 BC) forced Antiochus the Great to abandon all European territories and to cede all of Asia Minor north of the Taurus Mountains to Pergamum. The Treaty of Apamea of 188 BC, was Peace treaty between the Roman Republic and Antiochus III (the Great ruler of the Seleucid Empire However, the dominion of Pergamum only reached de facto as far as Perga, leaving Eastern Pamphylia semi-free. Perga, now commonly spelled "Perge" and pronounced "per-geh" was the capital of the then Pamphylia region which is in modern day Antalya province Origins of the Pamphylians There can be little doubt that the Pamphylians and Pisidians were the same people though the former had received colonies from Greece and other This led Attalus II Philadelphus to construct a new harbour in the city Attalia (the present Antalya), even though Side already had an important harbour. Attalus II Philadelphus (in Greek Attalos II Philadelphos Ἄτταλος Β' ὁ Φιλάδελφος) (220 BC&ndash138 BC was a King of Pergamon Antalya (formerly known as Adalia; from Pamphylian Greek: Αττάλεια Attália) is a city on the Mediterranean coast of southwestern Between 188 and 36 BC Side minted their own money, tetradrachms showing Nike and a laurel wreath (the sign of victory). The tetradrachm (τετράδραχμον was an Ancient Greek silver coin equivalent to four drachms It was in wide circulation from 510 to 38 BCE In Greek mythology, Nike ( Greek Νίκη níːkɛː meaning Victory) was a Goddess who personified Triumph

In the first century BC, Side reached a peak when the Cilician pirates established their chief naval base and a slave-trade center. The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another

Romans

The consul Servilius Vatia defeated these brigands in 78 BC and later the Roman general Pompey in 67 BC, bringing Side under the control of the Roman Empire. Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus (b c 134 BC son of Gaius Servilius Vatia and wife Caecilia Metella daughter of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation Events By place Rome Consuls Manius Acilius Glabrio and Gaius Calpurnius Piso. Side's second peak period started around 2C BC when it established and maintained a good working relationship with the Roman Empire. ^[2] Emperor Augustus reformed the state administration and placed Pamphylia and Side in the Roman province of Galatia in 25 BC, after the short reign by the king Amyntas of Galatia between 36 and 25 BC. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Ancient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia in modern Turkey. Year 25 BC was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Amyntas (from the Greek transcription Ἀμύντας) Tetrarch of the Trocmi was a King of Galatia and several of Side began another prosperous period as a commercial center in Asia Minor through its trade in olive oil. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Its population grew to 60,000 inhabitants. This period would last well into the third century AD. Side established itself as a slave-trading center in the Mediterranean. Its large commercial fleet engaged in acts of piracy. Wealthy merchants paid for such tributes as public works, monuments, and competitions as well as the games and gladiator fights. The significance of this period for Side is evident in its ruins today. Most of the present-day ruins found in Side date from this period of prosperity.

Decline

Side began to steady decline from the fourth century on. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century Even defensive walls could not stop successive invasions from highlanders from the Taurus Mountains. During the fifth and sixth centuries, Side experienced a revival and became the seat of the Bishopric of Eastern Pamphylia. The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Arab fleets, nevertheless, raided and burned Side during the seventh century, contributing to its steady decline. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The combination of earthquakes, Christian zealots and Arab raids, left the site completely abandoned by the 10th century. ^[2] Its citizens had emigrated to nearby Antalya.

In the twelfth century, Side temporarily established itself once more as a large city. An inscription found on the site of the former ancient city shows a considerable Jewish population in early Byzantine times. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ However, Side was abandoned again after being sacked. Its population moved to Antalya and Side became known as Eski Adalia or Old Antalya and was buried. Antalya (formerly known as Adalia; from Pamphylian Greek: Αττάλεια Attália) is a city on the Mediterranean coast of southwestern

Historical Maps

One of the maps (portolani) Piri Reis, taken from the Kitab-i Bahriye, Piri produced in several editions, supplementing in 1520, but integrating it into subsequent editions. Piri Reis (full name Hadji Muhiddin Piri Ibn Hadji Mehmed) (about 1465&ndash1554 or 1555 was an Ottoman-Turkish Admiral, geographer and

Ruins

The great ruins are among the most notable in Asia Minor. This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. They cover a large promontory where a wall and a moat separate it from the mainland. During medieval times, the wall and moat were repaired and the promontory houses a wealth of structures.

There are colossal ruins of a theater complex, the largest of Pamphylia, built much like a Roman amphitheater that relies on arches to support the sheer verticals. An amphitheatre (alternatively amphitheater) is an open-air venue for spectator sports concerts rallies or theatrical performances The Roman style was adopted because Side lacked a convenient hillside that could be hollowed out as in the usual Greek fashion more typical of Asia Minor. The theater is less well preserved than the Aspendos theater, but it is almost as large, seating 15,000 - 20,000 people. Aspendos, an Ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya province of Turkey. With time and the shifting of the earth, the scena wall has collapsed over the stage and the proscenium is in a cataract of loose blocks. It was converted into an open-air sanctury with two chapels during Byzantine times (5-6th c. )

The well preserved city walls provide an entrance to the site through the Hellenistic main gate (Megale Pyle) of the ancient city, although this gate from the second century BC is badly damaged. Next comes the colonnaded street although the marble columns once there do not exist anymore. All that remains is a few broken stubs near the old Roman baths. The street leads to the a public bath, restored as a museum displaying Roman period statues and sarcophagi. Next is the square agora with in the middle the remains of the round Tyche and Fortuna temple (2nd c. The Agora was an open "place of assembly" in ancient Greek city-states In ancient Greek city cults, Tyche (Τύχη meaning "luck" in Greek, Roman equivalent Fortuna) was the presiding Tutelary In Roman mythology, Fortuna (equivalent to the Greek goddess Tyche) goddess of fortune was the Personification of Luck; BC), a periptery with twelve columns. In later times it was used as a trading center where pirates sold slaves. The current remains of the theatre, which was used for gladiator fights and later as a church, and the monumental gate date back to the 2nd century. The early Roman Temple of Dionysus is near the theater. In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman The fountain gracing the entrance is restored. At the left side are the remains of a Byzantine Basilica. A public bath has been restored^[2]

The remaining ruins of Side include three temples, an aqueduct, and a nymphaeum. For a Greek colony in the Crimea see Nymphaion. A nymphaeum, in Ancient Greece and Rome, was a Monument consecrated Side's nymphaeum – a grotto with a natural water supply dedicated to the nymphs – was an artificial grotto or fountain building of elaborate design.

Turkish archaeologists have been excavating Side since 1947 and intermittently continue to do so. ^[3]

Today

In 1895 Greek Muslim refugees from Crete moved to the ruined town and called it Selimiye. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the Today Side has become a popular vacation destination and experiences a new revival.

It was a favorite spot for watching the solar eclipse of March 29, 2006. The solar eclipse that took place on March 29, 2006 was a total eclipse of the Sun that was visible from a narrow corridor which traversed half the

Due to previously being the seat of the Bishopric of Eastern Pamphylia it is still a titular see of the Roman Catholic church. A titular see in the Roman Catholic Church is a Diocese or Archdiocese that now exists in title only

See also

• Manavgat Waterfall
• Oymapinar Dam
• Philip of Side
• Sidetic language
• Saint Probus of Side

Notes

1. ^ The Ancient Library. Manavgat Waterfall on the Manavgat River is near the city of Side, north of Manavgat, Turkey. Oymapinar Dam is an Arch dam built on the Manavgat river in Turkey in 1984 Philip of Side or Philip Sidetes ( ca 380 - after 431 a historian of the early Christian church was born at Side, the ancient Greek Iconium Pamphylia The Sidetic language is a member of the extinct Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family known from legends of coins dating to the period of approx Retrieved on 2006-11-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land
2. ^ ^{a b c} Side - History of the City. Retrieved on 2006-11-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land
3. ^ Aspendos - Perge - Side. Retrieved on 2006-11-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land

External links

• Side photos with explanations
• Side Pictures
• Hazlitt, Classical Gazetteer, "Side"
• Pictures of Side Greek Ruins

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

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