Sic is a Latin word meaning "thus", "so", "as such", or "just as that". Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. In writing, it is placed within square brackets and usually italicized—[sic]—to indicate that an incorrect or unusual spelling, phrase, punctuation, and/or other preceding quoted material has been reproduced verbatim from the quoted original and is not a transcription error. Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text In Typography, italic type /ɪˈtælɪk/ or /aɪˈtælɪk/ refers to cursive Typefaces based on a stylized form of calligraphic Handwriting. Spelling is the Writing of a Word or words with the necessary letters and Diacritics present in an accepted standard order In Grammar, a phrase is a group of Words that functions as a single unit in the Syntax of a sentence. A transcription error is a specific type of data entry error that is commonly made by human operators or by Optical character recognition programs (OCR [1]
It had a long vowel in Latin (sīc), meaning that it was pronounced like the English word "seek"; however, it is normally anglicised to /'sɪk/ (like the English word, "sick").
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Overview
The word sic may be used either to show that an uncommon or archaic usage is reported faithfully: for instance, quoting the U.S. Constitution:
- The House of Representatives shall chuse [sic] their Speaker. In Language, an archaism is the use of a form of speech or writing that is no longer current The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. . .
or to highlight an error, sometimes for the purpose of ridicule or irony, as in these examples:
- Warehouse has been around for 30 years and has 263 stores, suggesting a large fan base. Irony is a literary or Rhetorical device, in which there is an incongruity or Discordance between what one says or does and what one means or The chain sums up its appeal thus: “styley [sic], confident, sexy, glamorous, edgy, clean and individual, with it's [sic] finger on the fashion pulse. ”[2]
It is also sometimes used for comic effect:
- The Daily Mail was the first newspaper [sic] …
If text containing a quote is itself quoted in a third text, it may not be possible for a reader to tell whether any "[sic]" in the inner quote was added by the writer of the second text or the writer of the third text, or whether the anomaly highlighted was introduced by the first writer or the second. The Daily Mail is a British newspaper currently published in a tabloid format
The expression "[sic]" is also used by physicians to communicate to pharmacists that a prescription is to be filled "just so," i. e. precisely as described, for example when the dosage or volume is atypical or when the pharmacist should not substitute one brand for another even when the active ingredient is the same. An active ingredient ( AI) also active pharmaceutical ingredient ( API) or bulk active, is the substance in a drug that is Pharmaceutically
The word sic is sometimes erroneously thought to be an acronym from any of a vast number of phrases such as "spelling is correct", "same in copy", "spelling intentionally conserved", "said in context", or "sans intention comique" (French: without comic intent). Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name Copy refers to written material in contrast to photographs or other elements of layout in a large number of contexts including magazines advertising and book publishing These "backronyms" are all false etymologies. A backronym (or bacronym) is a Phrase that is constructed "after the fact" from a previously existing word or Abbreviation, the abbreviation A false etymology is an assumed or postulated Etymology that current consensus among scholars of Historical linguistics holds to be incorrect [3]
Derivation
In the Italo-Western Romance languages it was the basis for their word for "yes": sí (Spanish), sim (Portuguese), sì (Italian), si (French for "yes, on the contrary"). The Spanish language developed from Vulgar Latin, with loan-words from Basque in the north and Arabic in the southern part of the Iberian The Portuguese language developed in the Western Iberian Peninsula from Latin brought there by Roman soldiers and colonists starting in the 3rd century Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. French is a Romance language (meaning that it is descended from Latin) that evolved out of the Gallo-Romance Dialects spoken in Northern Medieval Latin sometimes used sic as "yes", reflecting the Romance usage. Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the Liturgical language of the medieval Sic et Non, an early scholastic text whose title translates from Latin as "Yes and No" was written by Peter Abelard.
See also
References
- ^ Wilson, Kenneth G. Sic semper tyrannis is a Latin phrase meaning "thus ever (or always to tyrants Sic transit gloria mundi is a Latin phrase that means "Thus passes the glory of the world" This page lists direct English Translations of common Latin phrases, such as veni vidi vici and Et cetera. (1993). "sic (adv. )", The Columbia Guide to Standard American English.. Columbia University Press. Columbia University Press is a University press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University. Retrieved on 2007-06-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
- ^ Ashworth, Anne. "Chain reaction: Warehouse", The Times, 2006-06-21. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Retrieved on 2007-01-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King
- ^ "What does (sic) mean?", The Guardian. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
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