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This article is about the breed of dog. For the drink, see Siberian Husky (drink). A Siberian Husky is an alcoholic beverage made with 1 unit of Blueberry flavored Vodka, 1
Siberian Husky

A black-and-white Siberian Husky male
Other names Chukcha, Chuksha, Keshia
Country of origin Russia (Siberia)
Nicknames Sibe, Siberian, Husky
Traits
Weight Male 45-60 pounds (20½-27kg)
Female 35-50 pounds
Height Male 21-23½ inches (53-60cm)
Female 20-22 inches
Coat Thick double coat - woolly undercoat & soft outer coat
Color most commonly black, grey or copper. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving always with white.
Litter size 1-7 puppies
Life span 12-15 years

The Siberian Husky (Russian: Сибирский хаски, Sibirskiy Haski) is a medium-size, dense-coat working dog breed that originated in eastern Siberia. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Jobs performed by dogs Although most modern dogs are kept as Pets there are still a tremendous number of ways in which dogs can and do assist humans and more uses are Dog breeds are groups of closely related and visibly similar domestic Dogs with characteristic traits that are selected and maintained by humans bred from a known foundation Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving The breed belongs to the Spitz genetic family. Spitz -type Dogs (the correct German plural is Spitze, though Spitzen is commonly used in the United States are a type of dog characterized It is recognizable by its thickly-furred double coat, sickle tail, erect triangular ears and distinctive markings. A Dog 's coat is its Fur. A dog can be double coated &mdashthat is having both a soft undercoat and a coarser topcoat.

An active, energetic and resilient breed whose ancestors came from the extremely cold and harsh environment of the Siberian Arctic and were bred by the Chukchi people of Northeastern Asia, it was imported into Alaska during the Nome Gold Rush and spread from there into the United States and Canada, initially as a sled dog. Chukchi, or Chukchee (чукчи ( plural) ru чукча ( singular) are an Indigenous people inhabiting the Chukchi Peninsula Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent A gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of Gold. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Sled dogs, known also as sleightman dogs sledge dogs or sleddogs are types of Dogs that are used to pull a wheel-less vehicle It rapidly acquired the status of a family pet and a show-dog.

Contents

Appearance

A light-red-colored Siberian bitch
A light-red-colored Siberian bitch

Siberian Huskies share many outward similarities with the Alaskan Malamute as well as many other Spitz breeds such as the Samoyed, which has a comparable history to the Huskies. The Alaskan Malamute is a large breed of Domestic dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) originally Siberians have a thicker coat than most other breeds of dog. They come in a variety of colors and patterns, usually with white paws and legs, facial markings, and tail tip. The most common colors are black and white, grey and white, copper-red and white, and pure white, though many individuals have blondish, or piebald spotted. Striking masks, spectacles, and other facial markings occur in wide variety. They tend to have a wolf-like appearance. The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora Though the breed is not related to the wolf any more closely than any other breed of dog, it is thought they maintained this appearance through isolated breeding in Siberia.

A red-colored "bi-eyed" Siberian Husky exhibiting "snow nose"
A red-colored "bi-eyed" Siberian Husky exhibiting "snow nose"

Eyes

The acceptable eye colors of a Siberian Husky are blue or dark brown; green, light brown, yellow/amber, "glass-colored," or hazel eyes are a serious fault in show rings worldwide. Eye color is a Polygenic trait and is determined by the amount and type of Pigments in the Eye 's iris. Additionally, one eye may be brown and the other blue (complete heterochromia); or one or both eyes may be "parti-colored," that is, half brown and half blue (partial heterochromia). In anatomy heterochromia refers to a difference in Coloration usually of the iris but also of Hair or Skin. All of these eye color combinations are considered acceptable by the American Kennel Club, which also states that the eyes are "an almond shape, moderately spaced and set slightly obliquely. The American Kennel Club (or AKC) is a registry of Purebred Dog pedigrees in the United States. " [1]

Ears and tail

Its ears are triangular, well furred, medium-size, and erect. Often faulted in other breeds by kennel clubs such as the American Kennel Club, this kind of ear shape is known as prick ears. Its fox-like brush tail is carried in a sickle curve over the back, and trails behind the dog in motion. A sickle is a hand-held Agricultural Tool with a curved Blade typically used for harvesting grain crop or cutting grass for Hay. Most Siberian Huskies have a white tip on the end of their tail. [2]. The tail must not curve so much as to touch the back as it does in most spitz breeds. Tails have whitish tail color.

Coat

The Siberian Husky's coat comprises two layers, a dense undercoat and a longer topcoat of short, straight guard hairs. Down hairs, also called the ground hairs, are the very fine fluffy hairs closest to the Skin on some Mammals The hairs are short and crimped Guard hairs are the longest most coarse hairs in a Mammal 's coat forming the topcoat (or outer coat) It protects the dogs effectively against harsh Arctic winters, but the thick coat can make it very difficult to stay cool in the summer.

The absence of the outer coat is often present during shedding, also known as the telogen phase or telogen effluvium, with the latter often associated with stress. In Biology, moulting (or molting, also known as shedding or for some species Ecdysis) signifies the manner in which an animal routinely Telogen effluvium is characterized by sudden diffuse Hair loss caused by an interruption in the normal hair growth cycle [3] Recently, the shedding present during the telogen phase has been termed as a cycle separate from the resting state, and called exogen. [4]. Long guard hairs, "wooly huskies", are not desired. It is a disqualifying feature in the show ring.

Nose

In some instances, Siberian Huskies can exhibit what is called "snow nose. " This condition is called hypopigmentation in animals. Hypopigmentation is the loss of skin color It is caused by Melanocyte depletion &mdash a decrease in the amino acid Tyrosine, which is used by melanocytes to make Show-quality dogs are preferred to have neither pointed nor square noses in shape. The nose is black in gray, tan and black dogs, liver in copper-colored dogs, and may be flesh-colored in white dogs. "Snow nose" is acceptable in the show ring. [5] [6]

Size

[7]

Temperament

An ice blue-eyed Siberian
An ice blue-eyed Siberian

As a working breed, Siberian Huskies are a high-energy canine requiring lots of exercise. They have served as companions and sled dogs, but are unsuitable as guard dogs. Over time, this combination of factors has lent the Siberian Husky a strong sense of gentleness and devotion. [8]

The Inuit tribes who used this breed for utilitarian and survival needs trained them to pull heavy sledges for great distances over frozen tundra, drawing umiaks, and securing game by assisting in hunting. Inuit (plural the singular Inuk, means "man" or "person" is a general term for a group of culturally similar Indigenous peoples inhabiting The umiak, umiaq, umiac, oomiac or oomiak is a type of Boat used by Eskimo people both Yupik and [9]

Six month old female Siberian Husky playing in the snow.
Six month old female Siberian Husky playing in the snow.

Behavior

The Siberian Husky has been described as a behavioral representative of the domestic dog's forebear, the wolf. It exhibits a wide range of the ancestor type's behaviors. [10] They are frequently known to ululate rather than bark. An ululation is a long wavering high-pitched sound resembling the Howl of a Dog or Wolf. [11] Hyperactivity displaying as an overactive hunting drive, a characteristic of kenneled dogs, is often noticeable in dogs released from their captive environment for exercise- a behavior welcome in hunting dogs but not in the family pet. The frequency of kenneled Siberian Huskies, especially for racing purposes, is rather high, as attributed through the history of the breed in North America. Fifteen-minute obedience training classes will serve well for Siberian Huskies, as well as daily training. [12]

Health

Siberian Huskies, with proper care, have a typical lifespan ranging from twelve to sixteen years of age. Health issues in the breed are genetic defects of the eye such as juvenile cataracts, corneal dystrophy, and progressive retinal atrophy. Corneal dystrophy is a group of disorders characterised by a noninflammatory inherited bilateral opacity of the transparent front part of the Eye called the Cornea Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA is a group of genetic diseases seen in certain breeds of Dogs and more rarely cats Hip dysplasia is often found in this breed, as with many medium or larger-sized canines. [13]

Siberian Huskies used for sled racing may also be prone to other ailments, such as gastric disease [14], bronchitis or bronchopulmonary ailments ("ski asthma")[15], and gastric erosions or ulcerations [16]. Bronchitis is an Inflammation of the Bronchi. More specifically it may refer to Acute bronchitis, caused by viruses or bacteria and lasting Gastric erosion occurs when the Mucous membrane lining the Stomach becomes inflamed Ulceration may refer to Ulcer, healing wound that develops on the skin Fear Factory, an American heavy metal band formerly known as Ulceration

History

Of all dog breeds which resulted from one common ancestor, the Tomarctus (Canidae) [17], the Eskimo dog (also known commonly as the sled dog), has most certainly caught the imagination of dog enthusiasts world-wide. The Canidae (ˈkænədiː ′kanə′dē family is a part of the order Carnivora within the Mammals (Class Mammalia The Siberian Husky, Samoyed, and Alaskan Malamute are all breeds directly descended from the sled dog. [9] Recent DNA analysis confirms that this is one of the oldest breeds of dog as can be seen with the Alaskan Malamute. Fourteen ancient breeds of dog have recently been identified through advances in DNA analysis. [18]

In this breed of canine, the word "husky" derives from Inuit tribes called "huskies", named by Caucasians who made early expeditions into their lands. Inuit (plural the singular Inuk, means "man" or "person" is a general term for a group of culturally similar Indigenous peoples inhabiting The Caucasian race, sometimes the Caucasoid race, is a term of Racial classification, coined around 1800 by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach for the " The word "Siberian" in this breed's name is derived from Siberia itself, because it is thought that Eskimo or sled dogs were used to cross the land bridge of the Bering Straight on the way into, or out of, Alaska[9], though this theory is continuously disputed by scholars. Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving A land bridge, in Biogeography, is an Isthmus or other land connection between otherwise separate areas which allows Animals and Plants The Bering Strait (Берингов пролив Beringov proliv) is a sea Strait between Cape Dezhnev, Russia, the easternmost point (169°43' Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent [19] Breeds descending from the Eskimo dog were once found throughout the Northern Hemisphere from Siberia to Canada, Alaska, Greenland, Labrador, and Baffin Island. Northern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is North of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' [9]

With the help of Siberian Huskies, entire tribes of peoples were able to not only survive, but push forth into terra incognita. Terra incognita is the Latin term for "unknown land" used in Cartography for regions that have not been mapped or documented Admiral Robert Peary of the United States Navy was aided by this breed during his expeditions in search of the North Pole. Robert Edwin Peary ( May 6, 1856 &ndash February 20, 1920) was an American explorer who claimed The Siberian Husky's role in this feat can not be under appreciated. [9]

Dogs from the Anadyr River and surrounding regions were imported into Alaska from 1908 (and for the next two decades) during the gold rush for use as sled dogs, especially in the All-Alaska Sweepstakes (AAS), a 408 mile (657 km) distance dog sled race from Nome to Candle and back. Anadyr (Ана́дырь is a River in the extreme northeast of Siberia, Russian Federation. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent A gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of Gold. Sled dogs, known also as sleightman dogs sledge dogs or sleddogs are types of Dogs that are used to pull a wheel-less vehicle Nome is a city located on the southern Seward Peninsula coast on Norton Sound of the Bering Sea Smaller, faster and more enduring than the 100 to 120 pound (45 to 54 kg) freighting dogs then in general use, they immediately dominated the Nome Sweepstakes. Leonhard Seppala, the foremost breeder of Siberian Huskies of the time, participated in competitions from 1909 to the mid 1920s. Leonhard Seppala ( September 14, 1877 &ndash January 1967 was a Norwegian of Kven descent [9]

On February 2, 1925 Gunnar Kaasen was first in the 1925 serum run to Nome whom delivered diphtheria serum from Nenana over 600 miles to Nome. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Gunnar Kaasen (1882 &ndash 1960 was a Norwegian musher who delivered a cylinder containing 300000 units of Diphtheria Antitoxin to Nome During the 1925 serum run to Nome, also known as the " Great Race of Mercy " 20 mushers and about 150 Sled dogs relayed Diphtheria Diphtheria ( Greek διφθερα ( diphthera)—“pair of leather scrolls" is an upper respiratory tract illness characterized by sore Nenana (nɛˈnænə is a Home Rule City on the Tanana River in the U This was a group effort comprised of several sled dog teams and mushers. The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race commemorates this famous delivery. The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, usually just called the " Iditarod " is an annual Sled dog race in Alaska, where mushers The event is also loosely depicted in the 1995 animated film Balto, as the name of Gunnar Kaasen's lead dog in his sled team was named Balto. Balto is a 1995 Animated / live action film produced by Steven Spielberg 's Amblimation animation studio distributed by Balto (c 1919 &ndash 14 March, 1933) was a Siberian Husky Sled dog (although some sources incorrectly state that he is an Alaskan Malamute In honor of this lead dog a bronze statue was erected at Central Park in New York City. The epitaph upon it is inscribed with

Dedicated to the indomitable spirit of the sled dogs that relayed antitoxin six hundred miles over rough ice, across treacherous waters, through Arctic blizzards from Nenana to the relief of a stricken Nome in the winter of 1925. Endurance--fidelity--intelligence

[9]

In 1930 the last Siberians were exported as the Soviet government closed the borders of Siberia to external trade. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving The same year saw recognition of the Siberian Husky by the American Kennel Club. Nine years later the breed was first registered in Canada. Today’s Siberian Huskies registered in North America are largely the descendants of the 1930 Siberia imports and of Leonhard Seppala’s dogs. Leonhard Seppala ( September 14, 1877 &ndash January 1967 was a Norwegian of Kven descent Seppala owned a kennel in Nenana before moving to New England. Arthur Walden, owner of Chinook Kennels of Wonalancet, New Hampshire, was by far the most prominent breeder of Siberian Huskies. New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The foundation of his kennel stock came directly from Alaska, and Seppala's kennel. [9]

Only beginning to come to prominence, in 1933 Navy Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd brought with him around 50 Siberian Huskies, many of which were assembled and trained at Chinook Kennels in New Hampshire, during an expedition in which Byrd hoped to journey around the 16,000-mile coast of Antarctica. Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, USN ( October 25, 1888 &ndash March 11, 1957) was a pioneering American polar Called Operation Highjump, this historic trek proved the worth of the Siberian Husky due to its compact size and greater speeds. Operation Highjump (OpHjp, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program 1946-47, was a United States Navy operation organized by Rear [9] Siberian Huskies also served in the United States Army's Arctic Search and Rescue Unit of the Air Transport Command during World War II. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Military Air Transport Service (MATS was a command of the US Air Force from 1948-65 which superseded the Army Air Force's Air Transport Command, its World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [20]

Dogsled racing

A team of white Siberians mushing
A team of white Siberians mushing

Siberian Huskies are still used occasionally as sled dogs in dogsled racing but have been widely replaced by the more popular Alaskan Husky and hound-type crossbreeds that are specially bred and selected for speed and have less heavy coats. Mushing also means playing on a MUSH. Mushing also can be used to describe the kneading behavior of domestic cats Sled dogs, known also as sleightman dogs sledge dogs or sleddogs are types of Dogs that are used to pull a wheel-less vehicle Dogsled racing, more accurately referred to as Sleddog Racing is a winter dog sport involving the timed competition of teams of Sleddogs that pull a sled The Alaskan Husky is not so much a breed of Dog as it is a type or a category Freight Siberian Huskies were selectively bred to pull a medium load over long distances at a medium pace, and simply can't keep up with their faster counterparts. Siberians are still popular in races restricted to purebreds and are faster than other pure sled dog breeds such as the Samoyed and the slower but much stronger Alaskan Malamute. Today the breed tends to divide along lines of “racing” Siberians versus “show” Siberians.

Apart from dog sled racing -- they are very popular for recreational mushing and are also used for skijoring (one to three dogs pulling a skier) and European ski-pulka. A few owners use them for dog-packing and hiking. They have also seen use as therapy dogs. A therapy dog is a Dog trained to provide affection and comfort to people in Hospitals Retirement homes Nursing homes Mental institutions

In the United Kingdom, husky racing on forest tracks using specially designed tricycles, known as rigs, instead of sledges is popular during the winter months. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Siberian Huskies in media and culture

External links

References

  1. ^ American Kennel Club - Siberian Husky
  2. ^ American Kennel Club - akc.org
  3. ^ American Kennel Club - Siberian Husky
  4. ^ Journal of Investigative Dermatology - Exogen, Shedding Phase of the Hair Growth Cycle: Characterization of a Mouse Model
  5. ^ Common Husky Questions - Siberian Husky Club of Great Britain - Huskies UK
  6. ^ American Kennel Club - Siberian Husky
  7. ^ American Kennel Club - Siberian Husky
  8. ^ Siberian husky - Encyclopedia.com
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Pisano, Beverly (1995). Siberian Huskies. TFH Publication. ISBN 0793810523.  
  10. ^ Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: Diagnosis, Etiology, Treatment Eric Hollander, Dan J. Stein ISBN 0824798562
  11. ^ Siberian husky (breed of dog) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
  12. ^ Shaping the Wolf Within Your Dog Nathan B. Childs ISBN 1412012139
  13. ^ Your Siberian Husky: Its Hips and Its Eyes
  14. ^ Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Journal Information
  15. ^ Racing Alaskan Sled Dogs as a Model of "Ski Asthma" - Davis et al. 166 (6): 878 - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
  16. ^ Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Journal Information
  17. ^ Tomarctus (extinct mammal genus) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
  18. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/21/science/21dog.html?ex=1400472000&en=6b49c839cde80d81&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND The New York Times: Collie or Pug? Study Finds the Genetic Code. Retrieved March 30, 2007
  19. ^ Americas Settled by Two Groups of Early Humans, Study Says
  20. ^ American Kennel Club - Siberian Husky History
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