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Shuruppak (also Shuruppag "the healing place", modern Tell Fara, Iraq) was an ancient Sumerian city situated south of Nippur on the banks of the Euphrates in what is now Al-Qādisiyyah, in south-central Iraq[1]. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Sumer ( Sumerian: sux-Latn [[Ki (earth ki]]-[[EN (cuneiform en]]-'''ĝir15''', Akkadian: Šumeru; possibly Biblical Shinar Nippur (URUENLIL; Sumerian: Nibru Akkadian: Nibbur) from the Sumerian for 'lord wind' (Enlil is modern ? in Afak Al Qadisyah The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת Al-Qādisiyyah (in Arabic: القادسية is one of the Provinces of Iraq. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics.

Shuruppak was dedicated to Ninlil, also called Sud, the goddess of grain and the air. In Sumerian mythology, Ninlil (𒀭𒊩𒌆𒆤 D NIN.LÍL"lady of the open field" or "Lady of the Air" first called

Contents

History

Shuruppak became a grain storage and distribution city and had more silos than any other Sumerian city. The earliest excavated levels at Shuruppak date to the Jemdet Nasr period about 3,000 BC; it was abandoned shortly after 2,000 BC. Jemdet Nasr is an archaeological site in Iraq 's Babil Governorate, situated to the north-east of Babylon and Kish and east of Kutha Schmidt found one Isin-Larsa cylinder seal and several pottery plaques which may date to early in the second millennium BC. [1] Surface finds are predominantly Early Dynastic. [2]

At the end of the Uruk period there was an archaeologically attested river flood in Shuruppak. The Uruk period (ca 4000 to 3100 BC existed from the protohistoric Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age period in the history of Mesopotamia, Polychrome pottery from a destruction level below the flood deposit has been dated to the Jemdet Nasr period that immediately preceded the Early Dynastic I period. Jemdet Nasr is an archaeological site in Iraq 's Babil Governorate, situated to the north-east of Babylon and Kish and east of Kutha [3] [4]

Archaeology

It was first excavated in 1902 by the "Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft". Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting [5] In 1931 the University of Pennsylavania excavated Shuruppak for a further six week season with Erich Schmidt as director. [6]

See also

History of Sumer

References

  1. ^ Harriet P. The history of Sumer, taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods spans the 5th to 3rd millennia BC ending with the downfall of the Third Martin, FARA: A reconstruction of the Ancient Mesopotamian City of Shuruppak, Birmingham, UK: Chris Martin & Assoc. , (1988)p. 44, p. 117 and seal no. 579.
  2. ^ Robert McC. Adams, Heartland of Cities (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), Fig. 33 compared with Fig. 21.
  3. ^ Schmidt (1931)
  4. ^ Martin (1988)pp. 20-23
  5. ^ Ernst Heinrich and Walter Andrae, ed. "Fara, Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Fara und Abu Hatab" (Berlin:Staatlich Museen zu Berlin, 1931),
  6. ^ Erich Schmidt, Excavations at Fara, 1931, University of Pennsylvania's Museum Journal, 2 (1931), pp 193-217. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.


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