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The shooting sports include those competitive sports involving tests of proficiency (accuracy and speed) using various types of guns such as firearms and airguns (see Archery for more information on shooting sports that make use of bows and arrows). A gun is a particular Weapon that propels Projectiles The projectile is generally fired through a hollow tube known as the gun's barrel. A firearm is a Tool that projects either single or multiple Projectiles at high velocity through a controlled explosion "Air rifle" and "Air pistol" redirect here For other uses see Air gun (disambiguation An air gun ( air rifle Archery is the practice of using a bow or Crossbow to shoot Arrows Archery has historically been used in Hunting and Combat and has Hunting is also a shooting sport, and indeed shooting live pigeons was an Olympic event (albeit only once, in 1900). Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games The shooting sports are categorized by the type of firearm or target used.

Contents

History

Concerned over poor marksmanship during the American Civil War, veteran Union officers Col. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South William C. Church and Gen. George Wingate formed the National Rifle Association in 1871 for the purpose of promoting and encouraging rifle shooting on a "scientific" basis. The National Rifle Association, or NRA, is a non-profit ( 501(c(4) group dedicated to the protection of the Second Amendment of the In 1872, with financial help from New York state, a site on Long Island, the Creed Farm, was purchased for the purpose of building a rifle range. Named Creedmoor, the range opened in 1872, and became the site of the first National Matches until New York politics forced the NRA to move the matches to Sea Girt, New Jersey. The popularity of the National Matches soon forced the event to be moved to its present, much larger location: Camp Perry. Camp Perry is a National Guard training facility located on the shore of Lake Erie in northern Ohio near Port Clinton. In 1903, the U. S. Congress created the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice (NBPRP), an advisory board to the Secretary of the Army, with a nearly identical charter to the NRA. The NBPRP (now known as the Civilian Marksmanship Program) also participates in the National Matches at Camp Perry. The Civilian Marksmanship Program ( CMP) is a US government -chartered program that promotes Firearms safety training and Rifle practice for

Girls' rifle team at Central High, Washington, DC. November 1922.
Girls' rifle team at Central High, Washington, DC. November 1922.

In 1903, the NRA began to establish rifle clubs at all major colleges, universities and military academies. By 1906, youth programs were in full swing with more than 200 boys competing in the National Matches. Today, more than one million youth participate in shooting sports events and affiliated programs through groups such as 4-H, the Boy Scouts of America, the American Legion, U. 4-H in the United States is a Youth organization administered by the Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (CSREES of the United States The Boy Scouts of America ( BSA) is the largest youth organization in the United States with over five million For other uses of American Legion see American Legion (disambiguation The American Legion was chartered by the U S. Jaycees, NCAA, the Scholastic Clay Target Program, National Guard Bureau, ROTC and JROTC. Junior Chamber International ( JCI) is a worldwide federation of young leaders and Entrepreneurs. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations For the National Guard of a State and other countries' National Guard see National Guard. ROTC links here For other uses see ROTC (disambiguation A Reserve Officers' Training Corps ( ROTC) ROTC produces officers in all branches The Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps ( JROTC) is a Federal program sponsored by the United States Armed Forces in High schools across These programs have all continued to thrive despite political pressures to disband. The success of these programs is often attributed to an emphasis on safety and education that has resulted in an unprecedented scholastic and collegiate athletic safety record.

French pistol champion and founder of the modern Olympics, Pierre de Coubertin, participated in many of these early competitions. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Pierre de Frédy Baron de Coubertin (1 January 1863 &ndash 2 September 1937 was a French Pedagogue and historian who is best known as the founder of the This fact certainly contributed to the inclusion of five shooting events in the 1896 Olympics. The 1896 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad, were an International Over the years, the events have been changed a number of times in order to keep up with technology and social standards. For example, targets that formerly resembled humans or animals in their shape and size have are now a circular shape in order to avoid associating the sport with any form of violence. At the same time, some events have been dropped and new ones have been added. The 2004 Olympics featured three shooting disciplines (rifle, pistol and shotgun) where athletes competed for 51 medals in 10 men's and 7 women's events -- slightly fewer than the previous Olympic schedule.

The Olympic Games continue to provide the shooting sports with its greatest public relations opportunity. The sport has always enjoyed the distinction of awarding the first medals of the Games. Internationally, the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) has oversight of all Olympic shooting events worldwide, while National Governing Body's (NGB) administer the sport within each country. The International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF is an organization that governs international Shooting sports.

Having originally established shooting as an organized sport, the NRA was the obvious choice to administer the United States participation in the Olympic games. The NRA dutifully managed and financially supported international and conventional shooting sports (ie, National Matches) for over 100 years until the formation of USA Shooting. USA Shooting, a 501(c(3 non-profit corporation was chartered by the United States Olympic Committee as the National Governing Body (NGB for the sport of shooting in April

Because of its long heritage and broad appeal, the shooting sports are enjoyed by a large number of participants around the world. In recent years, however, the shooting sports have become increasingly threatened by social and political reforms. In some countries, voters have declared their disapproval toward the private ownership and possession of handguns. This is generally motivated by the perception that handguns are associated with violent crime instead of sportsmanship. Some governments, such as the British, have enacted restrictive gun control legislation that directly effects the shooting sports. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For example, even when sanctioned, the shooting sports may not be televised or publicized in the UK.

More recently, a rise in the number of concealed carry permit-holders in the US has led to a surge in interest in various handgun competitions that foster defensive skills, accuracy drills, and personal protection tactics. In the United States, carrying a concealed weapon ( CCW, also known as concealed carry) is the legal authorization for private citizens to carry

Rifle shooting sports

Target for 10m air-rifle (Olympic)
Target for 10m air-rifle (Olympic)
Sport-shooting with air-rifles, 10m
Sport-shooting with air-rifles, 10m

Handgun shooting sports

Shotgun shooting sports

Action shooting sports

Action Shooting is a generic term applicable to non-traditional shooting sports, generally characterized by rapid movement within each shooting stage, where most or all begins with holster draw in the case of handguns. Examples include 'practical pistol' as in the International Practical Shooting Confederation (IPSC), the United States Practical Shooting Association (USPSA) and the International Defensive Pistol Association (IDPA), as well as cowboy action shooting, ActionAirgun (AAG), and 'three-gun' events noted below. The International Practical Shooting Confederation (IPSC is a shooting sport based on the concept of Practical shooting. The United States Practical Shooting Association (USPSA] is a 501c(3 non-profit Delaware corporation that is currently headquartered in Sedro Woolley Washington. The International Defensive Pistol Association, founded in 1996, is an organization based in Berryville Arkansas, USA that promotes defensive Pistol Cowboy Action Shooting (CAS also known as Western Action Shooting or Single Action Shooting, is a competitive shooting sport that originated in California The latter two involve use of rifles, handguns, and shotguns within the same event.

However, fast AND accurate shooting as opposed to just fast shooting - requiring less physical movement than IPSC, IDPA, and Cowboy Action Shooting, also belongs to the action shooting category owing to the rapidity of firing and mandatory holster draw. Discipline such as National Rifle Association's Action Pistol, also known as the Bianchi Cup, is one example where extreme accuracy fired within tight, predetermined time limits is more paramount than raw speed.

3-Gun shooting sports

3-Gun shooting events (not to be confused with NRA 3-gun "Conventional Pistol" events fired with a rim-fire, center-fire and . Bullseye, also known as Conventional Pistol, is a shooting sport in which participants shoot handguns at paper targets at fixed distances and time limits 45 caliber pistol) are practical shooting events where the stages are shot with a combination of a rifle, handgun, and/or shotgun. Practical shooting is a sport which challenges an individual's ability to shoot rapidly and accurately with a full power Handgun, Rifle, and/or Shotgun. A rifle is a Firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a barrel that has a helical groove or pattern of grooves ("rifling" cut into the barrel walls A shotgun (also known as a scattergun) is a Firearm that is usually designed to be fired from the shoulder which uses the energy of a fixed shell to fire a number Although 3-gun competitions take place in most local areas, the largest national annual events are the USPSA 3-Gun Nationals, the MGM Ironman, the Rocky Mountain 3-Gun, the DPMS Tri-Gun Challenge, and the Superstition Mountain Mystery 3-Gun. The United States Practical Shooting Association (USPSA] is a 501c(3 non-profit Delaware corporation that is currently headquartered in Sedro Woolley Washington. DPMS ( D efense P rocurement M anufacturing S ervices Panther Arms is a manufacturer of a wide range of military and civilian Rifles Superstition Mountain ( Yavapai: Wikchsawa) is located immediately east of the Phoenix metropolitan area in Arizona.

sport shooting a Mini Uzi submachine gun at a match in Las Vegas 2005
sport shooting a Mini Uzi submachine gun at a match in Las Vegas 2005

Submachine gun shooting sports

Submachine Gun competition have been around for over 20 years and are growing in popularity every year. Submachine gun and belt -fed Machine gun shooting competitions take place across the United States every month in many states

See also

External links

International governing bodies

Other

Exhibition shooting or trick shooting is a sport in which a Marksman performs various feats of skill frequently using non-traditional targets A shooting range is a specialized facility designed for Firearms practice
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