Shi Jing (traditional Chinese: 詩經; simplified Chinese: 诗经; pinyin: Shī Jīng; Wade-Giles: Shih Ching), translated variously as the Classic of Poetry, the Book of Songs or the Book of Odes, is the earliest existing collection of Chinese poems. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin Chinese Poetry is the most highly regarded literary genre in China. It comprises 305 poems, some possibly written as early as 1000 BC.
Contents |
The collection
The collection is divided into three parts according to their genre, namely feng, ya and song, with the ya genre further divided into "small" and "large":
| Chinese character(s) | Pinyin | Number and Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 風(风) | fēng | 160 folk songs (or airs) |
| 小雅 | xiǎoyǎ | 74 minor festal songs (or odes traditionally sung at court festivities) |
| 大雅 | dàyǎ | 31 major festal songs, sung at more solemn court ceremonies |
| 頌(颂) | sòng | 40 hymns and eulogies , sung at sacrifices to gods and ancestral spirits of the royal house |
The Confucian tradition holds that the collection, one of the Wu Jing, or Five Classics, came to what we have today after the editing of Confucius. A genre (ˈʒɑːnrə also /ˈdʒɑːnrə/ from French "kind" or "sort" from Latin: genus (stem gener-) is a loose set Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities A eulogy is a speech or writing in Praise of a person or thing The Five Classics ( is a corpus of five ancient Chinese books used by Confucianism as the basis of studies Confucius ( lit " Master Kung " September 28, 551 BC - 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher The collection was officially acknowledged as one of "Five Classics" during the Han Dynasty, and previously in Zhou Dynasty Shi (詩) was one of "Six Classics". The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. Four schools of commentary existed then, namely the Qi (齊), the Lu (魯), the Han (韓), and the Mao (毛) schools. The first two schools did not survive. The Han school only survived partly. The Mao school became the canonical school of Shi Jing commentary after the Han Dynasty. As a result, the collection is also sometimes referred to as "Mao Shi" (毛詩). Zheng Xuan's elucidation on the Mao commentary is also canonical. Zheng Xuan ( 127–200 Courtesy name Kangcheng (康成 was an influential commentator and Confucian scholar of the Han Dynasty. The 305 poems had to be reconstructed from memory by scholars since the previous Qin Dynasty had burned the collection along with other classical texts. Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China Burning of the books and burial of the scholars ( is a phrase that refers to a policy and a sequence of events in the Qin Dynasty of China, between the period of (There are, in fact, a total of 308 poem titles that were reconstructed, but the remaining three poems only have titles without any extant text). The earliest surviving edition of Shi Jing is a fragmentary one of the Han Dynasty, written on bamboo strips, unearthed at Fuyang. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Fuyang administers 8 county-level divisions, including 3 districts, 1 County-level city
The poems are written in four-character lines. The airs are in the style of folk songs, although the extent to which they are real folk songs or literary imitations is debated. The odes deal with matters of court and historical subjects, while the hymns blend history, myth and religious material. History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos
The three major literary figures or styles employed in the poems are fu, bi and xing:
| Chinese character | Pinyin | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 賦(赋) | fù | straightforward narrative |
| 比 | bǐ | explicit comparisons |
| 興(兴) | xìng | implied comparisons |
Contents
Guo Feng
| group | char | group name | poem #s |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | 周南 | Odes of Zhou & South | 001-011 |
| 02 | 召南 | Odes of Shao & South | 012-025 |
| 03 | 邶風 | Odes of Bei | 026-044 |
| 04 | 鄘風 | Odes of Yong | 045-054 |
| 05 | 衛風 | Odes of Wei | 055-064 |
| 06 | 王風 | Odes of Wang | 065-074 |
| 07 | 鄭風 | Odes of Zheng | 075-095 |
| 08 | 齊風 | Odes of Qi | 096-106 |
| 09 | 魏風 | Odes of Wei | 107-113 |
| 10 | 唐風 | Odes of Tang | 114-125 |
| 11 | 秦風 | Odes of Qin | 126-135 |
| 12 | 陳風 | Odes of Chen | 136-145 |
| 13 | 檜風 | Odes of Kuai | 146-149 |
| 14 | 曹風 | Odes of Cao | 150-153 |
| 15 | 豳風 | Odes of Bin | 154-160 |
Xiao Ya
| group | char | group name | poem #s |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | 鹿鳴 之什 | Decade of Lu Ming | 161-170 |
| 02 | 白華 之什 | Decade of Baihua | 170-175 |
| 03 | 彤弓 之什 | Decade of Tong Gong | 175-185 |
| 04 | 祈父 之什 | Decade of Qi Fu | 185-195 |
| 05 | 小旻 之什 | Decade of Xiao Min | 195-205 |
| 06 | 北山 之什 | Decade of Bei Shan | 205-215 |
| 07 | 桑扈 之什 | Decade of Sang Hu | 215-225 |
| 08 | 都人士 之什 | Decade of Du Ren Shi | 225-234 |
Da Ya
| group | char | group name | poem #s |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | 文王之什 | Decade of Wen Wang | 235-244 |
| 02 | 生民之什 | Decade of Sheng Min | 245-254 |
| 03 | 蕩之什 | Decade of Dang | 255-265 |
Song
| group | char | group name | poem #s |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | 周頌 | Sacrificial Odes of Zhou1 | 266-296 |
| 01a | -清廟之什 | Decade of Qing Miao | 266-275 |
| 01b | -臣工之什 | Decade of Chen Gong | 276-285 |
| 01c | -閔予小子之什 | Decade of Min You Xiao Zi | 286-296 |
| 02 | 魯頌 | Praise Odes of Lu3 | 297-300 |
| 03 | 商頌 | Sacrificial Odes of Shang1 | 301-305 |
note: alternative divisions may be topical or chronological (Legges): Song, DaYa, XiaoYa, GuoFeng
Translations
- The Book of Odes, in The Sacred Books of China, translated by James Legge, 1879. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. Zhao ( Pinyin: zhào Traditional Chinese: 趙 Simplified Chinese: 赵 was a Chinese State during This article is about the State of Wei founded during the Spring and Autumn Period. Zheng (鄭 was a Zhou city-state in the middle of ancient China, modern Henan Province. Qi ( 齊; Pinyin: Qí was a powerful state during the Spring and Autumn Period and Period of the Warring States. The following details the state of Wei of the Warring States Period. Qín or Ch'in ( Wade-Giles) (秦 ( 778 BC - 207 BC) was a State during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods Chen (陳 was a minor state of the Spring and Autumn Period in Ancient China Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Life James Legge was born at Huntly, Aberdeenshire, and educated at Aberdeen Grammar School and then Kings College Aberdeen.
- The Book of Songs, translated by Arthur Waley, edited with additional translations by Joseph R. Arthur David Waley CH ( August 19, 1889 &ndash June 27, 1966) was a noted English Orientalist and Sinologist Allen, New York: Grove Press, 1996.
- Book of Poetry, translated by Xu Yuanchong (許淵沖), edited by Jiang Shengzhang (姜勝章), Hunan, China: Hunan chubanshe, 1993.
- The Classic Anthology Defined by Confucius, translated by Ezra Pound, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1954. Ezra Weston Loomis Pound ( Hailey, Idaho Territory, United States October 30 1885 – Venice, Italy November 1 1972 was an American Expatriate
- The Book of Odes, translated by Bernhard Karlgren, Stockholm: The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, 1950. Bernhard Karlgren (1889 - 1978 was a Swedish sinologist, Philologist, and the founder of Swedish sinology as a scholarly discipline
External links
- Legge's translation of the Shi Jing at Chinese text initiative
- The Book of Odes in Chinese arrayed with James Legge translation. Life James Legge was born at Huntly, Aberdeenshire, and educated at Aberdeen Grammar School and then Kings College Aberdeen.
- Shiijing with Mao prefaces and Zhu Xi commentary by Harrison Huang
- http://www.donohoemusic.com Hear musical arrangements of the poetry as well some poetry read in traditional mandarin. Music by Colin O'Donohoe (Donohoe)
- Legge's translation of the Shi Jing at the Internet Sacred Text Archive.
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