Shasu - Citizendia

Shasu is an Egyptian term for nomads who appeared in the Levant from the fifteenth century BCE all the way to the Third Intermediate Period. Egyptian is an Afro-Asiatic language most closely related to the Berber, Semitic, Somali and Beja languages Nomadic people, (from the νομάδες nomádes, "those who let pasture herds" also known as nomads, are communities of people that See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the The Third Intermediate Period refers to the time in Ancient Egypt from the death of Pharaoh Ramesses XI in 1070 BC to the foundation of the The name evolved from a transliteration of the Egyptian word š3sw, meaning "moving on foot", into the term for Bedouin-type wanderers. In the field of Egyptology, Transliteration is the process of converting (or mapping texts written in the Egyptian language to Alphabetic symbols The Bedouin, (from the Arabic (ar بدوي pl badū) are a desert-dwelling Arab Nomadic pastoralist, or previously The term first originated in a fifteenth century list of peoples in the Transjordan, with one of the Shasu territories described as "Yhw in the land of the Shasu". The Emirate of Transjordan ( Arabic: ar إمارة شرق الأردن) was a former Ottoman territory incorporated into the British Mandate of Palestine It is thus functionally equivalent to the Akkadian term Ahhlamu (meaning "wanderers") also attested from this period as being ancestral to the historical Aramaeans. The Aramaeans (also Arameans) ( Aramaic / Syriac: ܐܪܡܝܐ, Ārāmāye' were a Semitic (West Semitic language group From this evidence , some scholars, including Donald B. Redford and William G. Dever^[1], conclude that the people who would eventually be the "Israel" recorded on the Merneptah Stele (widely known as the Israel Stele) and later form the Kingdom of Israel were originally a Shasu tribe. Donald B Redford (born 1934 is an influential Canadian Egyptologist and Archaeologist, currently Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies William G Dever is an American Archaeologist, specialising in the history of Israel and the Near East in Biblical times who was Professor of Near Eastern The Merneptah Stele (also known as the Israel Stele or Victory Stele of Merneptah) is the reverse of a large granite stele originally erected by the The Kingdom of Israel ( ( KJV Israel in Samaria) was one of the successor states to the older United Monarchy (also often called the 'Kingdom of Israel' However, the proposed link between the Israelites and the Shasu is undermined by the fact that in the Merneptah reliefs, the Israelites are not described or depicted as Shasu. This has led other scholars like Frank J. Yurco and Michael G. Hasel to identify the Shasu in Merneptah's Karnak reliefs as a separate entity from Israel since they wear different clothing, hairstyles, and are determined differently by Egyptian scribes. Michael Gerald Hasel is an American Archaeologist and Egyptologist. ^[2]. Moreover, Israel is determined as a people, or socioethnic group. The most frequent designation for the "foes of Shasu" is the hill-country determinative. ^[3]. Thus they are differentiated from the Canaanites, who are defending the fortified cities of Ashkelon, Gezer, and Yenoam,^[4]. Canaanites redirects here For the 1940s social and political movement in Israel, see Canaanites (movement. Ashkelon (אַשְׁקְלוֹן ٲشكلون also عسقلان; Latin: Ascalon; Akkadian: Isqalluna is a coastal city in southern For the kibbutz see Gezer Israel; For the Arab village see Abu Shusha; for the regional council see Gezer Regional Council

Notes

^ Dever (1997), p. 40
^ Yurco (1986), pp. 195, 207; Hasel (2003), pp. 27-36.
^ Hasel (2003, pp. 32-33
^ Stager (2001), p. 92

References

Dever, William G. (1997). William G Dever is an American Archaeologist, specialising in the history of Israel and the Near East in Biblical times who was Professor of Near Eastern "Archaeology and the Emergence of Early Israel" . In John R. Bartlett (Ed. ), Archaeology and Biblical Interpretation, pp. 20–50. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-14113-3
Hasel, Michael G. (1994). Michael Gerald Hasel is an American Archaeologist and Egyptologist. “Israel in the Merneptah Stela,” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 296, pp. 45-61.
Hasel, Michael G. (1998). Michael Gerald Hasel is an American Archaeologist and Egyptologist. Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant, 1300–1185 BC. Probleme der Ägyptologie 11. Leiden: Brill, pp. 217-239. ISBN 90-04-10984-6
Hasel, Michael G. (2003). Michael Gerald Hasel is an American Archaeologist and Egyptologist. "Merenptah's Inscription and Reliefs and the Origin of Israel" in Beth Alpert Nakhai ed. The Near East in the Southwest: Essays in Honor of William G. Dever, pp. 19–44. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 58. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research. ISBN 0-89757-065-0
MacDonald, Burton (1994). "Early Edom: The Relation between the Literary and Archaeological Evidence". In Michael D. Coogan, J. Cheryl Exum, Lawrence E. Stager (Eds. ), Scripture and Other Artifacts: Essays on the Bible and Archaeology in Honor of Philip J. King, pp. 230–246. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 0-664-22364-8
Redford, Donald B. (1992). Donald B Redford (born 1934 is an influential Canadian Egyptologist and Archaeologist, currently Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies Egypt, Canaan and Israel In Ancient Times. Princeton: Princeton University Press. The Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University. ISBN 0-691-00086-7.
Stager, Lawrence E. (2001). Lawrence "Larry" Stager, Dorot Professor of the Archaeology of Israel and head of the Harvard Semitic Museum in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations "Forging an Identity: The Emergence of Ancient Israel". In Michael Coogan (Ed. ), The Oxford History of the Biblical World, pp. 90–129. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508707-0
Yurco, Frank J. (1986). "Merenptah's Canaanite Campaign. " Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 23:189-215.