Shandong Province
Chinese : 山东省 Shāndōng Shěng
Abbreviations: 鲁  (pinyin: Lǔ)
Origin of name	山 shān - mountain 东 dōng - east "east of the Taihang Mountains"
Administration type	Province
Capital (and largest city)	Jinan
CPC Ctte Secretary	Jiang Yikang 姜异康
Governor	Jiang Daming 姜大明
Area	156,700 km² (60,500 sq mi) (20th)
Population (2004)  - Density	91,800,000 (2nd) 586 /km² (1,520 /sq mi) (5th)
GDP (2007)  - per capita	CNY 2. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Taihang Mountains ( are a Chinese Mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau in Henan, Shanxi and Hebei A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division Jinan ( in some literatures the pinyin without tones is given as Ji'nan, to disambiguate from a possible misreading as Jin'an is a Sub-provincial city The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the A committee (some of which are titled instead as a "Commission" or other terms discussed below in) is a type of small Deliberative assembly that is usually intended Jiang Yikang ( Chinese 姜异康 January 1953 -) is the current secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC Shandong committee Jiang Daming ( Chinese language: 姜大明 Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāng Dàmíng (b Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions special administrative In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions municipalities This articles lists of the first-level administrative divisions of People's Republic of China (P Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 53 trillion (2nd) CNY 27,148 (7th)
HDI (2005)	0. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of Mainland China (including all provinces autonomous regions and municipalities in order of their total Gross This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions and municipalities in order of The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 776 (medium) (11th)
Major nationalities	Han - 99. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. 3% Hui - 0. The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. 6%
Prefecture-level	17 divisions
County-level	140 divisions
Township-level†	1941 divisions
ISO 3166-2	CN-37
Official website http://www.sd.gov.cn (Simplified Chinese)
Source for population and GDP data: 《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005 ISBN 7503747382 Source for nationalities data: 《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China ISBN 7105054255 † As at December 31, 2004

Shandong (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 山东; traditional Chinese: 山東; pinyin: Shāndōng; Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Its abbreviation is Lǔ, after the state of Lu that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period. Lu ( was an ancient state in China during the Spring and Autumn Period. The Spring and Autumn Period ( was a period in Chinese history which roughly corresponds to the first half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty (from the second half of the 8th century BC

Shandong's name literally means "mountains' east", which refers to the province's location east of the Taihang Mountains. The Taihang Mountains ( are a Chinese Mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau in Henan, Shanxi and Hebei ^[1] The province is located in the lower reaches of the Huang He (Yellow River) and extends out to sea in the form of the Shandong Peninsula. The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the The Shāndōng Peninsula ( also known as the Jiāodōng Peninsula (胶东半岛 膠東半島 is a Peninsula in the Shāndōng Province of Shandong borders the Bohai Bay to the north, Hebei to the northwest, Henan to the west, Jiangsu to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the southeast; it also shares a very short border with Anhui, between Henan and Jiangsu. Bohai Bay ( is one of the three bays forming the Bohai Gulf, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea, in northeastern China. ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a Marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. Anhui (in Chinese: 安徽 Ānhuī) is a province of the People's Republic of China.

A common nickname for Shandong is Qílǔ (齐鲁/齊魯), after the state of Lu and state of Qi that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period. Lu ( was an ancient state in China during the Spring and Autumn Period. Qi ( 齊; Pinyin: Qí was a powerful state during the Spring and Autumn Period and Period of the Warring States. The Spring and Autumn Period ( was a period in Chinese history which roughly corresponds to the first half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty (from the second half of the 8th century BC

Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Politics 4 Economy 5 Demographics 6 Administrative divisions 7 Culture 8 Transportation 9 Tourism 10 Miscellaneous topics 10.1 Colleges and universities 11 See also 12 Notes 13 External links

History

Shandong is located on the eastern edge of the North China Plain, and felt the influence of Chinese civilization since its very beginnings. The North China Plain ( is based on the deposits of the Huang He (Yellow River and is the largest Alluvial plain of eastern Asia. The earliest dynasties (the Shang dynasty and Zhou dynasty) exerted varying degrees of control over western Shandong, while eastern Shandong was inhabited by the Laiyi peoples who were considered to be "barbarians". The Shang Dynasty ( Chinese: 商[[wiktionary 朝|朝]] or Yin Dynasty ( 殷[[wiktionary 代|代]] was according to traditional sources the The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. Dongyi (東夷 was a collective term for people in Eastern China and in the east of China. "Barbarian" is a pejorative term for an uncivilized person either in a general reference to a member of a nation or Ethnos perceived Over subsequent centuries, the Laiyi were eventually sinicized. Sinicization, Sinicisation or Sinification, (in Mandarin: 中国化 Zhōngguóhuà) is the linguistic assimilation or

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, regional states became increasingly powerful. The Spring and Autumn Period ( was a period in Chinese history which roughly corresponds to the first half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty (from the second half of the 8th century BC The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Shandong was at this time home to two powerful states: the state of Qi at Linzi and the state of Lu at Qufu. Qi ( 齊; Pinyin: Qí was a powerful state during the Spring and Autumn Period and Period of the Warring States. Linzi (臨淄 was the capital of Qi from 859 BC to 221 BC during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period in China Lu ( was an ancient state in China during the Spring and Autumn Period. Qufu ( is a city in Shandong Province, China. It is located at 35 ° 36 ′ northern latitude and 117 °, 02 ′ Lu is noted for being the home of Confucius. Confucius ( lit " Master Kung " September 28, 551 BC - 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher The state was, however, comparatively small, and eventually succumbed to the powerful state of Chu from the south. Chǔ ( 楚) was a kingdom in what is now central and southern China during the Spring and Autumn period ( 722 - 481 BC) and The state of Qi was, on the other hand, a major power throughout this entire period. Qi ( 齊; Pinyin: Qí was a powerful state during the Spring and Autumn Period and Period of the Warring States. Cities it ruled included Linzi, Jimo (north of modern Qingdao) and Ju. Linzi (臨淄 was the capital of Qi from 859 BC to 221 BC during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period in China Jimo (即墨 is a County-level city in Shandong province, China, located north of Qingdao. Ju County ( Chinese: 莒县 Pinyin: Jǔ Xiàn is a county of Rizhao City Shandong Province, People's Republic of China

The Qin Dynasty destroyed Qi and founded the first centralized Chinese state in 221 BC. Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China Events By place Carthage The Carthaginian general Hasdrubal is murdered by a Celtic assassin while campaigning to increase The Han Dynasty that followed created two zhou ("provinces") in what is now modern Shandong: Qingzhou Province in the north and Yanzhou Province in the south. The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The zhōu (州 was a historical political division of China. First established during the Han Dynasty, zhou continued to exist until the establishment During the division of the Three Kingdoms Shandong belonged to the Kingdom of Wei, which ruled over northern China. The Three Kingdoms period ( is a period in the History of China, part of an era of disunity called the Six Dynasties following immediately the loss of Cao Wei ( was one of the empires that competed for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period

After the Three Kingdoms period, a brief period of unity under the Western Jin Dynasty gave way to invasions by nomadic peoples from the north. The Jìn Dynasty ( 265 – 420) one of the Six Dynasties, followed the Three Kingdoms period and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties Northern China, including Shandong, was overrun. Over the next century or so Shandong changed hands several times, falling to the Later Zhao, then Former Yan, then Former Qin, then Later Yan, then Southern Yan, then the Liu Song Dynasty, and finally the Northern Wei Dynasty, the first of the Northern Dynasties during the Northern and Southern Dynasties Period. The Later Zhao ( 319 - 351) was a State of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty (265-420 in China. The Former Yan ( 337 - 370) was a State of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China. The Former Qin ( 351 - 394) was a State of the Sixteen Kingdoms in China. The Later Yan ( 383 - 407 or 409) was a Murong - Xianbei state locate in north-east of current China during the era of Sixteen The Southern Yan ( 398 - 410) was a State of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China. The Song Dynasty (宋朝 Pinyin: Sòng cháo Wade-Giles: Sung ( 420 – 479) was first of the four Southern Dynasties in China The Northern Wei Dynasty (北魏 Pinyin: běi wèi 386 - 534) also known as the Tuoba Wei (拓拔魏 Later Wei (後魏 or This article is about the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. Shandong stayed with the Northern Dynasties for the rest of this period.

In 412, the Chinese Buddhist monk Faxian landed at Laoshan, on the southern edge of the Shandong peninsula, and proceeded to Qingzhou to edit and translate the scriptures he had brought back from India. Events By Place Western Roman Empire The Visigoths move into the south of Gaul, led by Alaric Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Faxian ( Traditional Chinese:法顯 Simplified Chinese:法显 Pinyin ：Fǎxiǎn also romanized as Fa-Hien or Fa-hsien) (ca Laoshan ( ie Mount Lao is a famous Mountain in Qingdao Shandong province, China. Qingzhou ( Chinese: 青州 Pinyin: Qīngzhōu is a County-level city, which is located in the west of Weifang City Shandong India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

The Sui Dynasty reestablished unity in 589, and the Tang Dynasty (618-907) presided over the next golden age of China. The Sui Dynasty ( 581 - 618 AD and in the undertaking of other construction projects including the reconstruction of the Great Wall. Events By Place Europe October 17 — The Adige River overflows its banks flooding the church of St The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Events By Place Asia The Sui Dynasty ends and the Tang Dynasty begins in China. Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine For the earlier part of this period Shandong was ruled as part of Henan Circuit, one of the circuits (a political division). In Law, a circuit is an appellate judicial district used in the Court systems of several nations Later on China splintered into warlord factions, resulting in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ( 907-960 was an era of political upheaval in China, beginning in the Tang Dynasty and ending in the Song Dynasty. Shandong was part of the Five Dynasties, all based in the north.

The Song Dynasty reunified China in the late tenth century. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms In 1996, the discovery of over two hundred buried Buddhist statues at Qingzhou was hailed as a major archaeological find. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos The statues included early examples of painted figures, and are thought to have been buried due to Emperor Huizong's Song Dynasty repression of Buddhism (he favoured Taoism). Emperor Huizong ( November 2, 1082 – June 4, 1135) was the eighth and one of the most famous emperors of the Song Dynasty of The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions

The Song Dynasty was forced to cede northern China to the Jurchen Jin Dynasty in 1142. The Jurchens ( were a Tungus people who inhabited the region of Manchuria ( Northeast China) until the 17th century when they adopted the name Manchu This is an article for the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 For other Chinese dynasties whose names are also rendered "Jin" in Pinyin, see Jin Dynasty Shandong was administered by the Jin Dynasty as Shandong East Circuit and Shandong West Circuit — the first use of its current name.

The modern province of Shandong was created by the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led It also included much of modern-day Liaoning (in south Manchuria) at the time. ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast However, the Manchus increasingly asserted independence, and managed to conquer all of China in 1644. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in Under the Qing Dynasty, which they founded, Shandong acquired (more or less) its current borders. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China

During the nineteenth century, China became increasingly exposed to Western influence, and Shandong, a coastal province, was especially affected. Qingdao was leased to Germany in 1897 and Weihai to Britain in 1898. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Administrative divisions The Prefecture-level city of Weihai administers 4 county-level divisions, including 1 districts and 3 county-level cities The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The rest of Shandong was generally considered to be part of the German sphere of influence. A sphere of influence ( SOI) is an area or region over which an organization or state exerts some kind of indirect cultural economic military or political domination In addition, the Qing Dynasty opened Manchuria to Han Chinese immigration during the 19th century; Shandong was the main source of the ensuing tide of migrants. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world.

After the Republic of China was founded in 1911, Qingdao reverted to Chinese control in 1922, Weihai followed in 1930. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Administrative divisions The Prefecture-level city of Weihai administers 4 county-level divisions, including 1 districts and 3 county-level cities Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

In 1937 Japan began its invasion of China proper in the Second Sino-Japanese War, which would eventually become part of the Pacific theatre of the Second World War. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Shandong was occupied in its entirety by Japan, with resistance in the countryside, and was one of the provinces where operation sankō was implemented by general Yasuji Okamura. The Three Alls Policy (三光作戦 Sankō Sakusen;) was a Japanese Scorched earth policy adopted in China during World War II, the three alls was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army, and commander-in-chief of the China Expeditionary Army from November 1944 to the end of World War II. This lasted until the surrender of Japan in 1945. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar

By 1945, communist forces already held some parts of Shandong. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the Over the next four years of the Chinese Civil War, they expanded their holdings, eventually driving the Kuomintang (government of the Republic of China) entirely out of Shandong by June 1949. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The People's Republic of China was founded in October of the same year. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES

Under the new government, parts of western Shandong was initially given to the short-lived Pingyuan Province, but this did not last. Pingyuan was a province of the People's Republic of China between 1949 and 1952. Shandong also acquired the Xuzhou and Lianyungang areas from Jiangsu province, but this did not last either. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Xuzhou administers eleven county-level divisions, including five districts, two county-level Administration The Prefecture-level city of Lianyungang administers 7 county-level divisions, including 3 districts and 4 counties ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country For the most part Shandong has kept the same borders that it has today.

In recent years Shandong, especially eastern Shandong, has raced ahead in economic development, becoming one of the richest provinces of the People's Republic of China.

Geography

Shandong is mostly flat in terrain. The northwestern, western, and southwestern parts of the province are all part of the vast North China Plain. The North China Plain ( is based on the deposits of the Huang He (Yellow River and is the largest Alluvial plain of eastern Asia. The center of the province is more mountainous, with the Taishan Mountains, Lushan Mountains, and Mengshan Mountains being the most prominent. Mount Tai ( is a mountain of historical and cultural significance located north of the city of Tai'an, in Shandong Province, China. The east of the province is the hilly Shandong Peninsula extending into the sea; it separates Bohai Sea in the northwest from the Yellow Sea to the east and south. The Shāndōng Peninsula ( also known as the Jiāodōng Peninsula (胶东半岛 膠東半島 is a Peninsula in the Shāndōng Province of Bo Hai ( also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea on the coast of northeastern China. The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a Marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. The highest peak of Shandong is the highest peak in the Taishan area: Jade Emperor Peak, with a height of 1545 m. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International

The Yellow River passes through Shandong's western areas, entering the sea along Shandong's northern coast; in its traversal of Shandong it flows on a levee, higher than the surrounding land, and dividing western Shandong into the Hai He watershed in the north and the Huai He watershed in the south. The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the Dike (constructionEmbankmentA levee, levée, dike (or dyke) embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial The Hai River ( previously called Bai He (Chinese 白河 pinyin Bái Hé; literally "white river" Pei Ho in Western sources is a The Huai River ( is a major river in China. The Huai River is located about mid-way between the Yellow River and Yangtze River, the two largest rivers The Grand Canal of China enters Shandong from the northwest and leaves on the southwest. The Grand Canal of China ( also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal ( is the longest ancient Canal or artificial River in the world Lake Weishan is the largest lake of the province. Shandong's coastline is 3000 km long. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Shandong Peninsula has a rocky coastline with cliffs, bays, and islands; the large Laizhou Bay, the southernmost of the three bays of Bohai Sea, is found to the north, between Dongying and Penglai; Jiaozhou Bay, which is much smaller, is found to the south, next to Qingdao. The Shāndōng Peninsula ( also known as the Jiāodōng Peninsula (胶东半岛 膠東半島 is a Peninsula in the Shāndōng Province of Laizhou Bay ( Laizhou Wan, 莱州湾 is the southern arm of the Bohai Sea (also Known as the Bohai Gulf, or just Bo Hai) which is a large relatively Bo Hai ( also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea on the coast of northeastern China. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Dongying administers 5 county-level divisions, including 2 districts and 3 counties Penglai City ( is a port a town and an administrative subdivision of Yantai City, Shandong Province, China. The Jiaozhou Bay ( was a German colonial concession which existed from 1898 to 1914 The Miaodao Islands extend northwards from the northern coast of the peninsula.

Shandong has a temperate climate, with moist summers and dry, cold winters. Average temperatures are -5 to 1°C in January and 24 to 28°C in July. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Annual precipitation is 550 to 950 mm. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to

With Jinan serving as the province's economic and cultural centre, the province's economic prowess has led to the development of modern coastal cities located at Qingdao, Weihai, and Yantai. Jinan ( in some literatures the pinyin without tones is given as Ji'nan, to disambiguate from a possible misreading as Jin'an is a Sub-provincial city Administrative divisions The Prefecture-level city of Weihai administers 4 county-level divisions, including 1 districts and 3 county-level cities Administration The Prefecture-level city of Yantai administers 12 county-level divisions, including 4 districts, 7 county-level cities In addition, Weifang and Zaozhuang are also upstart cities. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Weifang administers 12 county-level divisions, including 4 districts, 6 county-level cities Administration The Prefecture-level city of Zaozhuang administers 6 county-level divisions, including 5 districts and 1 County-level city

Politics

Main article: Politics of Shandong

The politics of Shandong is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The politics of Shandong Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland

The Governor of Shandong is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Shandong. The politics of Shandong Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Shandong Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Shandong CPC Party Chief". The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the In the Politics of the People's Republic of China, a party chief (Chinese 党委书记 variously called a party boss, and officially termed the Communist Party

Economy

Shandong ranks first among the provinces in the production of a variety of products, including cotton and wheat as well as precious metals such as gold and diamonds. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 In Mineralogy, diamond is the allotrope of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in Other importants crop include sorghum and maize. Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are used as Fodder plants either cultivated or as part Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Shandong has extensive petroleum deposits as well, especially in the Dongying area in the Yellow River delta, where the Shengli Oilfield (lit. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Administration The Prefecture-level city of Dongying administers 5 county-level divisions, including 2 districts and 3 counties The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the Victory Oilfield) is one of the major oilfields of China. Shandong also produces salt from sea water. Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants

Shandong is one of the richer provinces of China, and its economic development focuses on large enterprises with well-known brand names. Shandong has also benefited from South Korean and Japanese investment, due to its geographical proximity to those countries. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The richest part of the province is the Shandong Peninsula, where the city of Qingdao is home to two of the most well-known brand names of China: Tsingtao Beer and Haier. The Shāndōng Peninsula ( also known as the Jiāodōng Peninsula (胶东半岛 膠東半島 is a Peninsula in the Shāndōng Province of Tsingtao Brewery ( (, is China 's largest Brewery. Founded in 1903 by German settlers it claims about 12% of domestic market share Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Haier ( is a producer of Household appliances (" White goods " including air conditioners, Laptops refrigerators, etc In addition, Dongying's oil fields and petroleum industries form an important component of Shandong's economy. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Dongying administers 5 county-level divisions, including 2 districts and 3 counties On the other hand, the extreme inland west of Shandong is much poorer than the rest of the province.

In 2006, the nominal GDP for Shandong was 2. 18 trillion yuan (US$274 billion), ranking second in the country (behind Guangdong and ahead of Jiangsu). Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country

Demographics

Shandong is the second most populous province of China, after Henan, with a population of almost 92 million. Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country Over 99% of Shandong's population is Han Chinese. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. Minority groups include the Hui and the Manchus. The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in

Administrative divisions

Shandong is divided into seventeen prefecture-level divisions, all of them prefecture-level cities:

The sub-province-level cities:

• Jinan (Simplified Chinese: 济南市; Traditional Chinese: 濟南市; Hanyu pinyin: Jǐnán Shì)
• Qingdao (青島市 (青岛市) Qīngdǎo Shì)

The prefecture-level cities:

• Binzhou (濱州市 (滨州市) Bīnzhōu Shì)
• Dezhou (德州市 Dézhōu Shì)
• Dongying (東營市 (东营市) Dōngyíng Shì)
• Heze (菏澤市 (菏泽市) Hézé Shì)
• Jining (濟寧市 (济宁市) Jìníng Shì)
• Laiwu (萊蕪市 (莱芜市) Láiwú Shì)
• Liaocheng (聊城市 Liáochéng Shì)
• Linyi (臨沂市 (临沂市) Línyí Shì)
• Rizhao (日照市 Rìzhào Shì)
• Tai'an (泰安市 Tài'ān Shì)
• Weifang (潍坊市 Wéifāng Shì)
• Weihai (威海市 Wēihǎi Shì)
• Yantai (煙臺市 (烟台市) Yāntái Shì)
• Zaozhuang (棗莊市 (枣庄市) Zǎozhuāng Shì)
• Zibo (淄博市 Zībó Shì)

The seventeen prefecture-level divisions of Shandong are subdivided into 140 county-level divisions (49 districts, 31 county-level cities, and 60 counties). See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and Jinan ( in some literatures the pinyin without tones is given as Ji'nan, to disambiguate from a possible misreading as Jin'an is a Sub-provincial city Administration The Prefecture-level city of Binzhou administers 7 county-level divisions, including 1 district and 6 counties. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Dezhou administers 11 county-level divisions, including 1 district, 2 county-level cities Administration The Prefecture-level city of Dongying administers 5 county-level divisions, including 2 districts and 3 counties This article is about a Chinese city a star in Virgo constellation also has a name of Heze see Zeta Virginis Administration The Administration The Prefecture-level city of Jining administers 12 county-level divisions, including 2 district, 3 county-level cities Laiwu ( is a Prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, People's Republic of China. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Liaocheng administers 8 county-level divisions, including 1 district, 1 County-level city Administration The Prefecture-level city of Linyi administers 12 county-level divisions, including 3 districts and 9 counties Administration The Prefecture-level city of Rizhao administers four county-level divisions, including two districts and two counties Administration The Prefecture-level city of Tai'an administers 12 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 2 county-level cities Administration The Prefecture-level city of Weifang administers 12 county-level divisions, including 4 districts, 6 county-level cities Administrative divisions The Prefecture-level city of Weihai administers 4 county-level divisions, including 1 districts and 3 county-level cities Administration The Prefecture-level city of Yantai administers 12 county-level divisions, including 4 districts, 7 county-level cities Administration The Prefecture-level city of Zaozhuang administers 6 county-level divisions, including 5 districts and 1 County-level city Zibo ( is a Prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, People's Republic of China. See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. A county-level city ( is a county-level administrative division of Mainland China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) Those are in turn divided into 1941 township-level divisions (1223 towns, 293 townships, two ethnic townships, and 423 subdistricts). See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted When referring to Political Divisions of China, town is the standard English translation of the Chinese 鎮 (simplified 镇; pinyin zhèn Wade-Giles Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous''' Subdistrict is a low level Administrative division of a country

See List of administrative divisions of Shandong for a complete list of county-level divisions. Shandong, a province of the People's Republic of China, is made up of the following administrative divisions: 17 See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted

Culture

Mandarin dialects are spoken in Shandong. Linguists classify these dialects into three broad categories: Ji Lu Mandarin spoken in the northwest (as well as in neighbouring Hebei), such as the Jinan dialect; Zhongyuan Mandarin spoken in the southwest (as well as in neighbouring Henan); and Jiao Liao Mandarin spoken in the Shandong Peninsula (as well as the Liaodong Peninsula across the sea), such as the Qingdao dialect. ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. Jinan dialect ( is a dialect of the Mandarin language family which in turn constitutes one of the Sinitic language families. Zhongyuan Mandarin ( lit Official Language of the Central Plain is a dialect of Mandarin Chinese spoken in the central part of Shaanxi, Henan Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country The Shāndōng Peninsula ( also known as the Jiāodōng Peninsula (胶东半岛 膠東半島 is a Peninsula in the Shāndōng Province of The Liáodōng Peninsula ( is a Peninsula in the Liáoníng province of northeastern China, historically known in the west as southern east- Manchuria Qingdao dialect is the local dialect of the city of Qingdao, in China's Shandong Province When people speak of the "Shandong dialect" (山東話), it is generally the first or the second that is meant; the Jiao Liao dialects of Shandong are commonly called the "Jiaodong dialect" (膠東話).

Shandong cuisine (鲁菜) is one of the eight great traditions of Chinese cuisine. Shandong cuisine ( more commonly known as Lu cuisine ( is one the Eight Culinary Traditions of China. Chinese cuisine ( Traditional Chinese: 中國菜 Simplified Chinese: 中国菜 originated from the various regions of China and has become widespread in It can be more finely divided into inland Shandong cuisine (e. g. Jinan cuisine); the seafood-centered Jiaodong cuisine in the peninsula; and Confucius's Mansion cuisine, an elaborate tradition originally intended for imperial and other important feasts. Seafood is any Sea Animal or Seaweed that is served as Food, or is suitable for eating particularly saltwater animals such

Shandong Bangzi and Lüju are popular types of Chinese opera in Shandong; both originated from southwestern Shandong. Chinese Opera ( Chinese: 戏曲/戲曲 Pinyin: xìqǔ is a popular form of Drama and Musical theatre in China with roots going back

Transportation

The Jingjiu Railway (Beijing-Kowloon) and Jinghu Railway (Beijing-Shanghai) are both major arterial railways that pass through the western part of Shandong. Jingjiu Railway (also known as Beijing-Kowloon Railway, Beijing-Kowloon Line;) is a railway in the People's Republic of China connecting Beijing West Kowloon refers to an urban area in Hong Kong made up of Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon, bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east The Jinghu railway (京沪铁路 is a train line running between Beijing and Shanghai in China through Tianjin, Hebei, Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million The Jingjiu passes through Liaocheng and Heze; the Jinghu passes through Dezhou, Jinan, Tai'an, Qufu. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Liaocheng administers 8 county-level divisions, including 1 district, 1 County-level city This article is about a Chinese city a star in Virgo constellation also has a name of Heze see Zeta Virginis Administration The Administration The Prefecture-level city of Dezhou administers 11 county-level divisions, including 1 district, 2 county-level cities Jinan ( in some literatures the pinyin without tones is given as Ji'nan, to disambiguate from a possible misreading as Jin'an is a Sub-provincial city Administration The Prefecture-level city of Tai'an administers 12 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 2 county-level cities Qufu ( is a city in Shandong Province, China. It is located at 35 ° 36 ′ northern latitude and 117 °, 02 ′ and Tengzhou. Administration The County-level city of Tengzhou administers 21 township-level divisions. The Jiaoji Railway is an important railway of Shandong, linking its two largest cities of Jinan and Qingdao. Jiaoji Railway (胶济铁路 is a west-east railway that connects Qingdao and Jinan of Shandong Province, China. Jinan ( in some literatures the pinyin without tones is given as Ji'nan, to disambiguate from a possible misreading as Jin'an is a Sub-provincial city

Shandong has one of the densest and highest quality expressway networks among all Chinese provinces. This article is about the expressways of Mainland China. See also List of roads and streets in Hong Kong, List of roads in Macau, Highway System At over 3000 km, the total length of Shandong's expressways is the highest among the provinces. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The Jiqing Expressway (Jinan-Qingdao) and Jingfu Expressway (Beijing-Fuzhou, passing through Shandong) are all important arterial expressways. Jinan ( in some literatures the pinyin without tones is given as Ji'nan, to disambiguate from a possible misreading as Jin'an is a Sub-provincial city ( Foochow Romanized: Hók-ciŭ EFEO: Fou-Tcheou also seen as Foochow, Fuchow, Fuh-chau or Hokchew in earlier Western

The Shandong Peninsula, with its bays and harbours, has many important ports, including Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Rizhao, and Longkou. The Shāndōng Peninsula ( also known as the Jiāodōng Peninsula (胶东半岛 膠東半島 is a Peninsula in the Shāndōng Province of Administration The Prefecture-level city of Yantai administers 12 county-level divisions, including 4 districts, 7 county-level cities Administrative divisions The Prefecture-level city of Weihai administers 4 county-level divisions, including 1 districts and 3 county-level cities Administration The Prefecture-level city of Rizhao administers four county-level divisions, including two districts and two counties Longkou ( Chinese: 龙口 is a port city in northeastern Shandong Province, on the eastern coast of the People's Republic of China. Many of these ports have historical significance as well, as the sites of former foreign naval bases or historical battles. Ferries link the cities on the north coast of the peninsula with the Liaodong Peninsula, further north across the sea. The Liáodōng Peninsula ( is a Peninsula in the Liáoníng province of northeastern China, historically known in the west as southern east- Manchuria

Important airports include Jinan Yaoqiang Airport and Qingdao Liuting International Airport. Qingdao Liuting International Airport ( Simplified Chinese: 青岛流亭国际机场 Traditional Chinese: 青島流亭國際機場 Pinyin: Qīngdǎo

Tourism

Tourist attractions in Shandong include:

• Penglai, a town on the north of the Shandong peninsula famed in Taoism. Penglai City ( is a port a town and an administrative subdivision of Yantai City, Shandong Province, China. Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions
• Qingdao, beach resort city on the south of the peninsula famous for its Tsingtao beer
• Laoshan, a scenic area and Daoist centre to the east of Qingdao. Tsingtao Brewery ( (, is China 's largest Brewery. Founded in 1903 by German settlers it claims about 12% of domestic market share Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Laoshan ( ie Mount Lao is a famous Mountain in Qingdao Shandong province, China.
• Qingzhou, an ancient trading and administrative center with some famous archaeological discoveries. Qingzhou ( Chinese: 青州 Pinyin: Qīngzhōu is a County-level city, which is located in the west of Weifang City Shandong
• Weihai, a former British port city important in the second Sino-Japanese War. Administrative divisions The Prefecture-level city of Weihai administers 4 county-level divisions, including 1 districts and 3 county-level cities The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the
• World Heritage Sites:
  • Temple and Cemetery of Confucius, and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu
  • Tai Shan, sacred mountain, in Tai'an

Miscellaneous topics

Professional sports teams based in Shandong include:

• Chinese Football Association Super League
  • Shandong Luneng
  • Qingdao Zhongneng
• Chinese Football Association Jia League
  • Qingdao Hailifeng
• Chinese Basketball Association
  • Shandong Jinsidun Lions

Colleges and universities

• Shandong University (Jinan)
• Ocean University of China (Qingdao)
• University of Petroleum (Dongying)

See also

• Shantung Question
• List of laojiaos in Shandong

Notes

External links

• Shandong Government website
• Shandong travel guide from Wikitravel

Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.

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