Shahmukhi script - Citizendia

Shahmukhi (شاہ مکھی, literally "from the King's mouth") is a local variant of the Arabic script used to record the Punjabi language. Shah is an Iranian term for a Monarch (leader that has been adopted in many other languages The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa such as Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an It is based on the Nasta'liq style of the Persian script and has traditionally been used by the Punjabi Muslims of India and Pakistan. (also anglicized as Nastaleeq;) is one of the main genres of Islamic calligraphy. The Perso-Arabic script is a Writing system that is based on the Arabic alphabet. The Punjabi people ( Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی also Panjabi people) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from South Asia. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and However, since the middle of the 20th century it has mainly been used by those in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The Punjab ( Urdu:) province of The Gurmukhi script is used to write Punjabi in India. Gurmukhī (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ Shahmukhi:) is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language. The text is written in the right to left direction and from right page to left page.

The Gurumukhi sounds ñ(ਞ), ng(ਙ), nh(ੰ/ં) are all written with :ں : nun ghunna (nun without dot). In initial and medial positions, the dot is retained.
ے (Bari ye) is only found in the final position, when writing the sounds e (ਏ) or æ (ਐ), and in initial and medial positions, it takes the form of ي.
There are three signs used when indicating a short vowel: َ (ਅ), ُ (ਉ), ِ (ਇ): a, u, i.

Examples: قَلَم(ਕਲਮ) qalam-pen گھُپ (ਘੁਪ) ghup-dense لِحاظ (ਲਿਹਾਜ਼) lihāż-consideration

at the beginning of a word, short vowels are written as follows: اَ, اُ, اِ
Long vowels are expressed withا, ي, ے and و as follows:

Initial- آ (ਆ): ā اَے (ਏ ਐ): e, æ اُو (ਊ): ū اِي (ਈ): ī اَو (ਔ ਓ): au, o Medial-َﺎ َﯧ ُﻮ ِﯧ َﻮ Final- َﺎ َﮯ ُﻮ ِﻲ َﻮ

Consonants are doubled with ّ (ੱ) ex: ﷲ (ਅੱਲਾਹ): Allāh كَچَّا (ਕੱਚਾ): Kachchā: unripe

1 Additional Letters
2 Loan Words
3 External links

Additional Letters

There are a few additional letters that are occasionally used. They are: ﭓ bbe -ੱਬ

ﭲ jje -ੱਜ

ڋ ḍḍe -ੱਡ

ڰ ggaf -ੱਗ

ڻ rnoonh -ਣ

Loan Words

In Punjabi, there are many Arabic and Persian loanwords, and many of the sounds of Arabic cannot be represented with Gurmukhi (many of these sounds, however, do not exist in Punjabi itself – especially the Arabic ones)

Arabic-only letters

ﺫ ﺹ ﺽ ﻁ ﻅ ﻉ ﻍ ﺡ ﺙ

Persian-only letters

گ چ پ ژ

Arabic/Persian letters

ﺥ ﺯ ﻑ ﻕ

External links

A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation

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