A shadoof or shaduf (an Arabic word) is an irrigation tool. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops A broader definition of a tool is an entity used to interface between two or more domains that facilitates more effective action of one domain upon the other A less common English translation is swape. [1]
It was originally developed in ancient Mesopotamia, and appears on a Sargonid seal of c. Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding You may be looking for the Assyrian kings Sargon I 2000 BC. The 20th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2000 BC to 1901 BC [2] It is still used in many areas of Africa and Asia to draw water.
The shadoof consists of an upright frame on which is suspended a long pole or branch, at a distance of about one-fifth of its length from one end. At the long end of this pole hangs a bucket, skin bag, or bitumen-coated reed basket, while the short end carries a weight (clay, stone, or similar) which serves as the counterpoise of a lever. A bucket, also called a pail, is a watertight vertical Cylinder or truncated cone, with an open top and a flat bottom usually attached Bitumen is a mixture of organic Liquids that are highly Viscous, black sticky entirely soluble in Carbon disulfide, and composed primarily Phragmites australis, the common reed, is a large perennial grass found in Wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the A basket is a container which is traditionally constructed from stiff fibres often made of Willow. When correctly balanced, the counterweight will support a half-filled bucket, so some effort is used to pull an empty bucket down to the water, but only the same effort is needed to lift a full bucket.
With an almost effortless swinging and lifting motion, the waterproof vessel is used to scoop up and carry water from one body of water (typically, a river or pond) to another. At the end of each movement, the water is emptied out into runnels that convey the water along irrigation ditches in the required direction.
It is estimated that a shadoof can raise over 2,500 litres per day. Typical discharge of the well is around 2 litres per second. In Hydrology, the discharge or outflow of a River is the volume of Water transported by it in a certain amount of time Maximum water depth may be up to 3 meters. When larger depth is needed, the use of a sakia or noria is usually a better option. A sakia (alternative spelling sakieh, also called "Persian wheel" ساقية sāqīya) is a Water wheel, somewhat similar to a Noria A noria (ناعورة nā‘ūra, from ܢܥܘܪܐ nā‘urā) is a machine for lifting water into an Aqueduct using energy derived from the water's Alternatively, handpump [3], treadle pumps [4] or electrical deep well pumps may also be used. Handpumps are used primarily in developing nations as a manually powered means of bringing water to the surface from a Borehole, Rainwater tank or well A treadle pump is a human-powered Pump designed to lift water from a depth of seven meters or less
References
- ^ Definition of "Swape". Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary. MICRA Inc. . Retrieved on 2007-04-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
- ^ Joseph Needham (1965). Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham, CH, FRS, FBA ( December 9, 1900 – March 24 1995) was a British Science and Civilisation in China. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521327282.
- ^ Practical Answers - Handpumps
- ^ Treadle pump
See also
External links
The Archimedes' screw, Archimedean screw, or screwpump is a Machine historically used for transferring water from a low-lying body of water into Irrigation A sakia (alternative spelling sakieh, also called "Persian wheel" ساقية sāqīya) is a Water wheel, somewhat similar to a Noria A noria (ناعورة nā‘ūra, from ܢܥܘܪܐ nā‘urā) is a machine for lifting water into an Aqueduct using energy derived from the water's The chain pump is a type of water Pump where an endless chain has positioned on it a series of circular discsDictionary
shadoof
-noun
- A device used to gather water, consisting of a pivoted stick with a bucket on the end of it.
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