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The Tariqa ash Shadhiliya is a Sufi order founded by Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Shaykh Abu’l-Hassan ash-Shadhili (أبي الحسن الشاذلي was born in Ghumara near Ceuta in the north of Morocco in 1196/1197 into a family Followers (murids Arabic: seekers) of the Shadhiliya are often known as Shadhilis. Murid ( مريد) is a Sufi term meaning 'committed one' It refers to a person who is committed to a teacher in the spiritual path of Sufism

It is the most popular Sufi order in North Africa and some of its followers have made great contributions to Arab and Islamic literature, including Sheikh Ibn 'Ata Allah, author of the Hikam, and Shaykh Ahmed Zarruq, who was the author of a commentary on the Risala of al-Qayrawani (a standard work in Maliki Islamic jurisprudence) and a commentary on the Hikam. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ibn 'Ata Allah al-Iskandari (d 1309 the third sheikh of the Shadhili Sufi order was born and grew up in Alexandria, lived and died Risāla means "message" in Arabic. It is also an Islamic term that has a broader meaning The Maliki Madhhab ( Arabic مالكي) is one of the four schools of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam He also wrote extensively on Sufism and law. Another is Sheikh ibn Ajibah who wrote a commentary on the Qur'an. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Many of the sheikhs of al-Azhar University in Egypt have also been followers of the Shadhili tariqa. Al-Azhar University (pronounced "az-HAR" الأزهر الشريف, "the Noble Azhar" in Egypt, founded in 975 is the chief centre of This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics.

The Hamadiyya Shadhili branch is the most popular. The Darqawi Shadhili branch is found mostly in Morocco and the Alawiyya (no connection to the Turkish or Syrian Alawi or Alevi groups) is found mostly in Algeria but now also in Syria, Jordan, and France amongst French North-Africans. The Darqawiyya or Darqawa Sufi order was a revivalist branch of the Shadhiliyah brotherhood Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Sheikh Ahmad ibn Mustafa al-Alawi (1869&ndash 14 July 1934) (أحمد بن مصطفى العلاوي was the founder of a popular modern Sufi order For the Alaouite dynasty of Morocco see Alaouite Dynasty, for the former state now in Yemen see Alawi (sheikhdom The Alawites Alevis (Aleviler Elewî are a religious sub-ethnic and cultural community in Turkey, numbering in the millions Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The British Muslim convert Martin Lings wrote an extensive biography of the founding Sheikh of this branch, Shaykh Ahmad al-Alawi, entitled 'A Sufi Saint of the 20th century' (ISBN 0-946621-50-0)

The Swedish impressionist painter and Sufi scholar Shaykh Abd Al-Hadi Aqhili (1869-1917) was the first official Moqaddam (representative) of the Shadhili Order in Western Europe. Martin Lings (Abu Bakr Siraj Ad-Din ( January 24, 1909 – May 12, 2005) was a Sufi and a student and follower of Frithjof Schuon[http Sheikh Ahmad ibn Mustafa al-Alawi (1869&ndash 14 July 1934) (أحمد بن مصطفى العلاوي was the founder of a popular modern Sufi order Ivan Aguéli (born John Gustaf Agelii) ( May 24, 1869 - October 1, 1917) also named Sheikh 'Abd al-Hadi Aqhili ( شيخ Abd Al-Hadi initiated Shaykh Abd Wahid Yahya or René Guénon (1886-1951) into the Shadhiliya Order. René Guénon ( November 15 1886 – January 7 1951) was a French author and intellectual who remains an influential figure in the [1] Guénon went on to write a number of influential books on tradition and modernity. [2]

Contents

Early Origins

(By permission of Dr. Alan Godlas to post to Wikipedia) ([3])

"The Shadhiliya Order, named after Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili (d. 656 AH/1258 CE), whose tomb is at Humaythara on Egypt's Red Sea coast, has branches throughout North Africa and the Arab world. It has also become established in Europe and the United States. One shaykh who has brought the Shadhiliya to the U. S. is Sidi Shaykh Muhammad al-Jamal ar-Rifa'i as-Shadhili. [4] The Shadhiliya derives from the tariqat of Abu Madyan Shu'ayb (d. 594 AH/1198 CE), whose tomb is in Tlemcen, Algeria. A recent book, The Way of Abu Madyan, by the scholar Vincent Cornell, provides his biography, a discussion of his teachings, and a number of texts written by Abu Madyan and translated into English along with the original Arabic. " [5]

Important Figures

1. Abu Madyan

2. Sidi Abu Madyan Shuayb ibn al-Hussein al-Ansari (1126-1198 was a Sufi teacher scholar and writer and poet Abdeslam Ben Mchich (d. 625 AH/1228 CE), another disciple of Abu Madyan, who transmitted his teachings to Abu-l Hassan ash Shadhili.

3. Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili

4. Shaykh Abu’l-Hassan ash-Shadhili (أبي الحسن الشاذلي was born in Ghumara near Ceuta in the north of Morocco in 1196/1197 into a family Abu-l-'Abbas al-Mursi (d. 686 AH/1287 CE), whose shrine is in Alexandria, Egypt. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια From another angle, visit the Mosque and Tomb of al-Mursi.

5. Ibn 'Ata Allah Iskandari (d. Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ibn 'Ata Allah al-Iskandari (d 1309 the third sheikh of the Shadhili Sufi order was born and grew up in Alexandria, lived and died 709/1309 in Cairo), who wrote the text The Key to Salvation: A Sufi Manual of Invocation (Miftah al-Falah) (chapter available here). Another of Ibn 'Ata Allah's works is the Hikam (maxims or aphorisms), partially translated here by Ayesha Bewley.

6. ibn Abbad of Ronda Author of a commentary on the Hikam and a small treatise on Sufism.

7. An important Shadhili shaykh in Morocco was Muhammad al-Jazuli (d. Sidi Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Jazuli al-Simlali (died 1465 was a Marinid Sufi leader of the Berber tribe of the Jazulah who lived in the between 869/1465 and 875/1461), whose fame was spread throughout the Muslim world by his collection of prayers titled Dala'il al-Khairat. Dala'il al-Khayrat or Dalaail u'l Khayraat Wa Shawaariq u'l Anwaar Fee Zikri's Salaat Alan Nabiyyi'l Mukhtaar (meaning the Waymarks of Benefits and the Brilliant Burst of Sunshine The Jazuliya order, which he founded, is discussed by Prof. Vincent Cornell in his book Realm of the Saint: Power and Authority in Moroccan Sufism, as are other Moroccan Sufi orders and saints. [6]

8. Sheikh Ahmed Zarruq Founder of the Zarruqiyya order. Ahmed Zarruq or Sheikh Shihab al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmed b Ahmed b Muhammad b Isa al-Barnusi al-Fasi Zarruq (1442 &ndash 1493 was a Shadhili Sufi Commentator on the Hikam and author of numerous works on jurisprudence and Sufism

9. Ahmad ibn Ajiba Sufi saint and author of a commentary on the Qur'an and a commentary on the Hikam. Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba (1747 - 1809 was an 18th-century Moroccan saint in the Darqawa Sufi Islamic lineage Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran

10. Sidi ad-Darqawi Founder of the Darqawi Sufi order. The Darqawiyya or Darqawa Sufi order was a revivalist branch of the Shadhiliyah brotherhood The Darqawiyya or Darqawa Sufi order was a revivalist branch of the Shadhiliyah brotherhood

11. Sheikh Muhammad ibn al-Habib (A Sheikh of the Darqawi order which is derived from the Shadhili order. Sayyidi Muhammad ibn al-Habib ibn as-Siddiq al-Amghari al-Idrisi al-Hasani ( 1876 - January 10, 1972) was a Islamic teacher author and shaykh of the Sheikh, also rendered as Sheik, Cheikh, Shaikh, and other variants ( Arabic:, shaykh

12. Sidi Mohammed Bennaser Edderai (1603-1674) from Tamegroute, Morocco, leader of the order of the Nasiriyyin. Tamegroute (Tamgrout is a village in the south of Morocco in the valley of the Draa River. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa The Nasiriyya is a Sufi order founded by Sidi Mohammed ibn Nasir al-Drawi (1603-1674

13. Muhammad bin 'Ali Ba'Alawi, from whom the 'Alawiya Order, also known as the Ba'Alawiya Order, derives. [7] See a brief summary of The Way of the Bani Alawiyah - At-Tariqah al-'Alawiyah. [8]

14. Shaykh Ahmad al-Alawi al-Mostaghanimi, Algeria, a Sufi master of the 20th Century. Martin Lings has written an account of his teachings.

Branches

The Darqawiyya, a Moroccan branch of the Shadhili order, was founded in the late 18th century CE by Muhammad al-Arabi al-Darqawi. The Darqawiyya or Darqawa Sufi order was a revivalist branch of the Shadhiliyah brotherhood Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Arabi al-Darqawi (1760-1823 was a Moroccan Sufi leader and the author of letters concerning the Dhikr he preached and instructions Selections from the Letters of Shaykh al-Darqawi have been translated by the scholar Ayesha Bewley. Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Arabi al-Darqawi (1760-1823 was a Moroccan Sufi leader and the author of letters concerning the Dhikr he preached and instructions [9] One of the first tariqas to be established in the West was the 'Alawiya branch of the Darqawiyya, [10] which was named after Shaykh Ahmad ibn Mustafa al-'Alawi al-Mustaghanimi, popularly known as Shaykh al-Alawi. Tariqah ( ar طريقه; pl طرق; Ṭuruq or Persian: Tarighat, Turkish: Tarikat) means "way" A significant book about him, written by Martin Lings, is A Sufi Saint of the Twentieth Century. Martin Lings (Abu Bakr Siraj Ad-Din ( January 24, 1909 – May 12, 2005) was a Sufi and a student and follower of Frithjof Schuon[http

The Maryamiyya Order was founded by Shaykh 'Isa Nur al-Din Ahmad or Frithjof Schuon (1907-1998), a European disciple of Shaykh Ahmad al-'Alawi, who established the Order in Europe and North America. [11] [12] Some of Schuon's most eminent students include, Titus Burckhardt (1908-1984) and Martin Lings (1909-2005), author of the aforementioned text, A Sufi Saint of the Twentieth Century and the universally acclaimed biography of the Prophet, Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Titus Burckhardt, a German Swiss was born in Florence Italy in 1908 and died in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1984 [13] Schuon also wrote several outstanding books on Islam including, Understanding Islam, Dimensions of Islam, and Sufism: Veil and Quintessence, [14] as well as a number of books on the Perennial Philosophy. [15]

The 'Attasiyah Order is a branch of the 'Alawi Order. It is centered in Yemen but also has zawiyas (hospices) in Pakistan, India, and Myanmar. Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The 'Alawiya order in Yemen has recently been studied by the anthropologist David Buchman. In his article "The Underground Friends of God and Their Adversaries: A Case Study and Survey of Sufism in Contemporary Yemen", Professor Buchman summarizes the results of his six month period of fieldwork in Yemen. The article was originally published in the journal Yemen Update, vol. 39 (1997), pp. 21-24.

A Shadhili shaykh who has established centers in the West is Shaykh Abdalqadir al-Murabit, a Scottish convert to Islam, whose lineage is Shadhili-Darqawi. Abdalqadir as-Sufi (born 1930 Ian Dallas in Ayr Scotland) is a Shaykh of Sunni Tarbiyah (Instruction leader of the Darqawi-Shadhili-Qadiri Currently his order is known as the Murabitun. This article is about the modern movement For the medieval al-Murabitun dynasty in Morocco and Spain see Almoravides. At other times his order has been known as the Darqawiyya and Habibiya. The Darqawiyya or Darqawa Sufi order was a revivalist branch of the Shadhiliyah brotherhood One of the first books that Shaykh Abdalqadir wrote was The Book of Strangers, which he authored under the name Ian Dallas. For a brief anecdote of Shaykh Abdalqadir in the early 1970's, go here.

Another contemporary order deriving, in part, from Shaykh Abdalqadir al-Murabit is the al-Haydariyah al-Shadhiliyah, headed by Shaykh Fadhlalla Haeri. Sheikh Fadhlalla Haeri is a Sufi Sheikh. As a businessman he established several manufacturing and consulting firms in the Middle East, primarily in the Of Shi'ite descent, Shaykh Fadhlalla teaches within neither a Shi'i nor a Sunni framework. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic

There is another branch of the Shadhili-Darqawi Order known as the Shadhili-Darqawi-Hashimi branch, which is firmly established in both Damascus and Jordan. This branch of the Shadhili tariqa was established through Sheikh Muhammad al-Hashimi al-Tilmisani who, as a young man, migrated from North Africa to Damascus with his spiritual guide (murshid), who was a disciple of Sheikh Ahmad al-'Alawi (see above Martin Lings). Pir ( Persian: (پیر literally "old " is a title for a Sufi master Martin Lings (Abu Bakr Siraj Ad-Din ( January 24, 1909 – May 12, 2005) was a Sufi and a student and follower of Frithjof Schuon[http Sheikh Muhammad al-Hashimi received his authorization (ijaza) to be a murshid of the Shadhili tariqa from Sheikh Ahmad al-'Alawi when the latter was visiting Damascus in the early 1920s. An ijazah is a certificate used primarily by Muslims to indicate that one has been authorized by a higher authority to transmit a certain subject or text of Islamic knowledge

Perhaps the most well known spiritual guides (murshideen) in the West of this branch of the Shadhili tariqa are Sheikh Nuh Ha Mim Keller and Sheikh Muhammad al Yaqoubi. Nuh Ha Mim Keller (born 1954 is an American Muslim translator of Islamic books and a specialist in Islamic Law as well as an authorised Sheikh Ash-Shaykh as-Sayyid Muhammad b Ibrahim al-Ya`qubi al-Hasani al-Idrisi is a well-known scholar from Syria The former is an American convert to Islam who resides in Amman, Jordan. Amman (ɑˈmɑːn sometimes spelled Ammann ( Arabic عمان ʿAmmān) is the Capital city of the Hashemite Kingdom Some of his writings are available here. His official website is here. The latter, Sheikh al Yaqoubi, traces his lineage in the tariqa through his father and grandfather. He often lectures in the West, most notably at the Shaykh Ibrahim Institute, named for his father, and Zaytuna Institute in California.

Between October 17-26, 1999 the First International Shadhilian Festival occurred in Egypt. It concluded with a pilgrimage to the tomb of Abu 'l-Hasan al-Shadhili and involved Sufi gatherings of dhikr and the singing of qasidas, or classical poetry. Qasida (also spelled qasidah) in Arabic: قصيدة, plural qasā'id, قــصــائـد; in Persian: قصیده

The Burhaniya (or Burhamiya), named after Shaykh Burhan al-Din Ibrahim al-Dasuqi (d. 687/1288), sometimes regarded as derived from the Shadhili order and sometimes from the Rifa'i order, is active today in Egypt. The Rifa'i (also Rufa'i) are a Sufi order most commonly found in the Arab Middle East but also in Turkey and the Balkans. A branch in Australia is led by Murshid F. A. Ali ElSenossi whose organization is called the Almiraj Sufi and Islamic Study Centre.

The Spiritual Chain

The (silsila) of the Shadhili order is as follows:

External links

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