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Shabbethai Donnolo (913–c. Events By Place Africa The Shiite Fatimid state in modern day Tunisia launches a failed military campaign against Egypt 982) (Hebrew: שבתי דונולו) was an Italian physician, and writer on medicine and astrology born at Oria. Events By Place Americas Greenland is discovered by Erik the Red (the first known European contact with North Italian Jews can be used in a broad sense to mean all Jews living in Italy or in a narrower sense to mean the ancient community who use the Italian rite as distinct from newer When twelve years of age he was made prisoner by the Arabs under the leadership of the Fatimite Abu Ahmad Ja'far ibn 'Ubaid, but was ransomed by his relatives at Otranto, while the rest of his family was carried to Palermo and North Africa. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Otranto is a town and commune in the Province of Lecce ( Apulia, Italy) in a fertile region once famous for its breed of horses Palermo ( Sicilian: Palermu, Greek: Panormus, al-Madinah during Muslim rule is a historic City in North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan He turned to medicine and astrology for a livelihood, studying the sciences of "the Greeks, Arabs, Babylonians, and Indians. " As no Jews at that time busied themselves with these subjects, he traveled in Italy in search of learned non-Jews. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest His special teacher was an Arab from Baghdad. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous According to the biography of Nilus, abbot of Rossano, he practiced medicine for some time in that city. Rossano is a town and commune in Southern Italy, in the Province of Cosenza (Calabria The alleged gravestone of Donnolo, found by Firkovich in the Crimea, is evidently spurious. Abraham (Avraham ben Samuel Firkovich ( Hebrew אברהם בן שמואל - Avraham ben Shmuel; Crimean Karaim: Аврагъам Фиркович Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым

Donnolo is the earliest Jewish writer on medicine, and one of the few Jewish scholars of South Italy at this early time. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Geography Southern Italy forms the lower "boot" of the Italian peninsula containing the ankle (Abruzzo and Molise and southern Lazio the toe (Calabria and the heel What remains of his medical work, Sefer ha-Yaḳar (Precious Book), was published by Steinschneider in 1867, from MS. Moritz Steinschneider ( March 30, 1816, Prostějov (Prossnitz Moravia – 1907 was a Bohemian Bibliographer and Orientalist 37, Plut. 88, in the Medicean Library at Florence, and contains an "antidotarium," or book of practical directions for preparing medicinal roots. The Laurentian Library ( Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana) in Florence, Italy is famous as a repository of more than 11000 Manuscripts and 4500 Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Donnolo's medical science is based upon Greco-Latin sources; only one Arabic plant-name occurs. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language He cites Asaph.

In addition, he wrote a commentary to the Sefer Yeẓirah, dealing almost wholly with astrology, and called Ḥakemani (in one manuscript, Taḥkemoni; see II Sam. xxiii. Sefer Yetzirah ( Hebrew, "Book of Creation" ספר יצירה is the title of the earliest extant book on Jewish Esotericism. Astrology (from Greek grc ἄστρον astron, "constellation star" and grc -λογία -logia) is a group of Systems 8; I Chron. xi. 11). At the end of the preface is a table giving the position of the heavenly bodies in Elul 946. Elul (אֱלוּל Standard Elul Tiberian ʾĔlûl; from Akkadian elūlu) is the twelfth The treatise published by A. Neubauer (Rev. Adolf Neubauer ( March 11, 1831 –1907 was sublibrarian at the Bodleian Library and reader in Rabbinic Hebrew at Oxford University. Et. Juives, xxii. 214) is part of a religio-astrological commentary on Gen. i. 26 (written in 982), which probably formed a sort of introduction to the Ḥakemani, in which the idea that man is a microcosm is worked out. Parts of this introduction are found word for word in the anonymous Orḥot Ẓaddiḳim (or Sefer Middot) and the Shebeṭ Musar of Elijah Kohen. Orchot Tzaddikim ( Hebrew: ארחות צדיקים) is a book on Jewish ethics written in Germany in the 15th century, entitled Elijah ben Solomon Abraham ha-Kohen (d 1729 was dayyan of Smyrna, almoner and preacher It was published separately by Jellinek (Der Mensch als Ebenbild Gottes, Leipzig, 1845). Jellinek is a surname and may refer to Adolf Jellinek ( Adolph Jellinek) (1821 Czech - 1893 an Austrian rabbi and scholar

The style of Donnolo is worthy of note; many Hebrew forms and words are here found for the first time. He uses the acrostic freely, giving his own name not only in the poetic mosaic of passages from the Book of Proverbs in the Bodleian fragment, but also in the rimed prose introduction to the Ḥakemani. The Book of Proverbs is one of the books of the Ketuvim of the Tanakh, and thus also one of the books of the Old Testament. He is also the first to cite the Midrash Tehillim. Midrash Tehillim ( Hebrew: מדרש תהלים) or Midrash to Psalms is a Haggadic midrash known since the 11th century when it was quoted by In the Pseudo-Saadia commentary to Yeẓirah there are many citations from Donnolo, notably from a lost commentary of his on the Baraita of Samuel. A Baraita of Samuel ( Hebrew: בריתא דרבי שמואל) was known to Jewish scholars from Shabbethai Donolo in the 10th century to A. Epstein has shown that extensive extracts from Donnolo are also to be found in Eleazar Roḳeaḥ's Yeẓirah commentary (ed. Abraham Epstein ( December 19, 1841 –1918 was a Russo-Austrian Rabbinical scholar born in Staro Constantinov, Volhynia. Eleazar ben Judah ben Kalonymus of Worms ( Hebrew: אלעזר מוורמס, also Elazar Rokeach or Rokeiach) (c Przemysl, 1889), even to the extent of the tables and illustrations. He is also mentioned by Rashi (to Er. 56a), by Samuel of Acco (who calls the Ḥakemani the Sefer ha-Mazzalot), and by Solomon ben Judah (1424) in his Ḥesheḳ Sheiomoh to Judah Ha-Levi's Cuzari. For the astrological concept see Rāshi (Jyotiṣa. Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, (רבי שלמה יצחקי better known by the acronym Rashi Moed ("Festivals" is the second Order of the Mishnah, the first written recording of the Oral Torah of the Jewish people (also the Tosefta and Talmud Solomon ben Judah of Lunel (born 1411 ( Hebrew: שלמה בן יהודה) was a Provençal philosopher Yehuda Halevi, in full Yehuda ben Shemuel Ha-Levi, also Judah Halevi, or Judah ben Samuel Halevi ( Hebrew: יהודה הלוי) (c

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