Citizendia

Sexology is the systematic study of human sexuality. Generally speaking human sexuality is how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings It encompasses all aspects of sexuality, including attempting to characterise "normal sexuality" and its variants. A sexual norm can refer to a Personal or a social norm Most cultures have social norms regarding sexuality, and define normal sexuality

Modern sexology is a multidisciplinary field which uses the techniques of fields including biology, medicine, psychology, statistics, epidemiology, pedagogics, sociology, anthropology, and sometimes criminology to bear on its subject. Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Statistics is a mathematical science pertaining to the collection analysis interpretation or explanation and presentation of Data. Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the Health and Illness of populations and serves as the foundation and Logic of interventions made in the Pedagogy (ˈpɛdəgɒdʒi or paedagogy is the Art or Science of being a Teacher. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of Schools of thought In the mid-18th century criminology arose as social philosophers gave thought to crime and concepts of law It studies human sexual development and the development of sexual relationships as well as the mechanics of sexual intercourse and sexual malfunction. Sexual development is the process by which an immature and sterile organism develops the capacity to reproduce Generally speaking human sexuality is how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings Sexual intercourse, in its biological sense is the act in which the male reproductive organ (in humans and other higher animals enters the female reproductive tract Sexual dysfunction or sexual malfunction (see also Sexual function) is difficulty during any stage of the Sexual act (which includes desire, It also documents the sexuality of special groups, such as handicapped, children, and elderly, and studies sexual pathologies such as sex addiction and child sexual abuse. Geriatric sexology is the systematic study of sexuality in the elderly Sexual addiction is a controversial term to describe sexual behaviour that is characterized at least by two key features recurrent failure to control the behavior and continuation of the Child sexual abuse is a form of Child abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult or older adolescent

Note that sexology is considered descriptive, not prescriptive: it attempts to document reality, not to prescribe what behavior is suitable, ethical, or moral. Sexology has often been the subject of controversy between supporters of sexology, those who believe that sexology pries into matters held sacred, and those who philosophically object to its claims of objectivity and empiricism. SACRED was a Cubesat built by the Student Satellite Program of the University of Arizona. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language "n objective account is one which attempts to capture the nature of the object studied in a way that does not depend on any features of the particular subject who studies it In Philosophy, empiricism is a theory of Knowledge which asserts that knowledge arises from Experience.

Contents

History

A number of ancient sex manuals exist, including Ovid's Ars Amatoria, the Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana, the Ananga Ranga and The Perfumed Garden for the Soul's Recreation. Sex manuals are Books which explain how to perform Sexual intercourse and other Sexual practices They often also feature advice on Birth control Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including The Kama Sutra ( Sanskrit: कामसूत्र (alternative spellings Kamasutram or simply Kamasutra) is an ancient Indian Mallanaga Vātsyāyana is the name of an Indian philosopher in the Vedic tradition who lived some time in the Gupta period ( 4th to 6th The Ananga Ranga ( Stage of Love) or Kamaledhiplava (Boat in the Sea of Love is an Indian love manual written by Kalyana malla in the The Perfumed Garden ( Arabic:الروض العاطر في نزهة الخاطر by Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Nafzawi is a Sex manual and work However, none of these treated sex as the subject of a formal field of scientific or medical research.

One of the earliest sex researchers prior to the 20th century sexology movement was Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing, whose book Psychopathia Sexualis, published in 1886, recorded a dizzying array of sexual anomalies. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing ( August 14 1840 &ndash December 22 1902) was an Austro-German sexologist and Psychiatrist Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing ( August 14 1840 &ndash December 22 1902) was an Austro-German sexologist and Psychiatrist Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Sigmund Freud developed a theory of sexuality based on his studies of his clients. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded Wilhelm Reich and Otto Gross, were disciples of Freud, but rejected by him because of their emphasis of the role of sexuality for the revolutionary struggle for the emancipation of mankind. Wilhelm Reich ( March 24, 1897 – November 3, 1957) was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Otto Gross (1877–1920 was an Austrian Psychoanalyst. A maverick early disciple of Sigmund Freud, he later became an Anarchist and joined the utopian

Magnus Hirschfeld founded the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sexology) in Berlin in 1919. Magnus Hirschfeld ( May 14, 1868 - May 14, 1935) was a German- Jewish physician sex researcher, and early Gay rights The Institut für Sexualwissenschaft was an early private Sexology research institute in Germany from 1919 to 1933 Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common When the Nazis took power, one of their first actions, on May 6, 1933, was to destroy the Institute and burn the library.

In 1947, Alfred Kinsey founded the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University at Bloomington, now called the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Alfred Charles Kinsey (June 23 1894 &ndash August 25 1956 was an American Biologist and professor of Entomology and Zoology, who in 1947 The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex Gender and Reproduction, often shortened to The Kinsey Institute, exists "to promote interdisciplinary research and scholarship Indiana University is the flagship campus of the Indiana University system. Bloomington is a city and the County seat of Monroe County in the south central region of the U The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex Gender and Reproduction, often shortened to The Kinsey Institute, exists "to promote interdisciplinary research and scholarship

Masters and Johnson released their works Human Sexual Response in 1966 and Human Sexual Inadequacy in 1970. The Masters and Johnson research team, made up of William Masters and Virginia E Their books sold well, and they were founders of what became to be known as the Masters & Johnson Institute in 1978. Masters & Johnson Institute ( 1978 – 1994) was a clinical and research foundation created to study human sexuality with particular emphasis on the anatomy and physiology

Fritz Klein developed the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid a multi-dimensional system for describing complex sexual orientation, similar to the Kinsey scale, but measuring seven different vectors of sexual orientation and identity separately, and allowing for change over time. Fred (Fritz Klein ( December 27, 1932 May 24, 2006) was an American The Klein Sexual Orientation Grid attempts to further measure Sexual orientation by expanding upon the earlier Kinsey scale which categorizes sexual history from 0 The Kinsey scale attempts to describe a person's sexual history or episodes of their sexual activity at a given time Sexual orientation is believed to refer to "an enduring pattern of emotional romantic and/or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes Sexual identity is a term that like sex, has two distinctively different meanings In 1978 Klein published The Bisexual Option, a groundbreaking psychological study of bisexuality and in 1998, he founded the American Institute of Bisexuality (AIB) to encourage, support and assist research and education about bisexuality. Fred (Fritz Klein ( December 27, 1932 May 24, 2006) was an American Bisexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of both sexes or to a bisexual orientation The American Institute of Bisexuality, Inc (AIB is a charity founded by Fritz Klein to promote research and education about Bisexuality. Bisexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of both sexes or to a bisexual orientation

The late Vern Bullough was a historian of sexology, as well as a researcher in the field. Vern Leroy Bullough ( July 24 1928 – June 21 2006) was an American Historian and Sexologist. A list of his books is provided. [1]

Interdisciplinary relations and limits

Sexology, as currently defined, is largely a 20th and 21st century phenomenon.

Sexology relates to a number of other fields of study:

Sexology also touches on public issues such as the debates over abortion, public health, birth control, sexual abuse and reproductive technology. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Schools of thought In the mid-18th century criminology arose as social philosophers gave thought to crime and concepts of law Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles Ethology ( from Greek ἦθος ethos, "character" and λόγος logos, "knowledge") is the scientific study of Animal Evolutionary biology is a sub-field of Biology concerned with the origin of Species from a Common descent, and Descent of species Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the Health and Illness of populations and serves as the foundation and Logic of interventions made in the A sexually transmitted disease ( STD) or venereal disease ( VD) is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between Humans An Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society organisations Birth control, sometimes synonymous with contraception, is a regimen of one or more actions devices or Medications followed in order to deliberately prevent Sexual abuse, also referred to as molestation, is the forcing of undesired sexual acts by one person upon another Reproductive technology encompases all current and anticipated uses of Technology in Human and Animal Reproduction, including Assisted reproductive

Notable contributors

See also: Category:Sexologists

This is a list of sexologists and notable contributors to the field of sexology, sorted by the year of their birth:

References

  1. ^ Humboldt-Universität, Berlin. Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing ( August 14 1840 &ndash December 22 1902) was an Austro-German sexologist and Psychiatrist Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded Wilhelm Fliess ( 24 October 1858 &ndash 13 October 1928) was a German Otolaryngologist who practised in Berlin Henry Havelock Ellis ( February 2, 1859 - July 8, 1939) was a British sexologist, physician and social reformer Albert Moll (1862&ndash1939 was a German Psychiatrist and together with Iwan Bloch and Magnus Hirschfeld, the founder of modern Sexology Edvard Alexander Westermarck ( 20 November 1862 &ndash 3 September 1939) was a Swedish speaking Finnish Philosopher and Magnus Hirschfeld ( May 14, 1868 - May 14, 1935) was a German- Jewish physician sex researcher, and early Gay rights Iwan Bloch (also known as Ivan Bloch ( April 8, 1872 – November 21, 1922) was a Berlin dermatologist Born in Theodoor Hendrik van de Velde ( Feb 12 1873, Leeuwarden - April 27 1937 near Locarno in a plane crash was a Dutch Max Marcuse (1877-1963 was a Jewish - German dermatologist and sexologist. Otto Gross (1877–1920 was an Austrian Psychoanalyst. A maverick early disciple of Sigmund Freud, he later became an Anarchist and joined the utopian Ernst Gräfenberg ( 26 September 1881 in Adelebsen near Göttingen, Germany – 28 October 1957 in New York Harry Benjamin ( January 12 1885 – August 24 1986) was a German-born endocrinologist widely known for his clinical work with Transsexualism Theodor Reik ( 12 May 1888 in Wien &mdash 31 December 1969 in New York City) was a prominent Psychoanalyst who Alfred Charles Kinsey (June 23 1894 &ndash August 25 1956 was an American Biologist and professor of Entomology and Zoology, who in 1947 Wilhelm Reich ( March 24, 1897 – November 3, 1957) was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Wardell Baxter Pomeroy ( December 6, 1913 - September 6, 2001) was an American Sexologist and co-author with Alfred Albert Ellis ( September 27 1913 &ndash July 24 2007) was an American Psychologist who in 1955 developed Rational Emotive Kurt Freund ( 17 January, 1914 – 23 October, 1996) was Czech-Canadian Physician and Sexologist best known for developing Ernst Wilhelm Julius Bornemann ( April 12, 1915 &ndash June 4, 1995) was a German Crime writer, filmmaker Anthropologist Paul H Gebhard (born July 3, 1917) was an American Anthropologist and Sexologist. John William Money ( 8 July 1921 &ndash 7 July, 2006) was a psychologist and sexologist well-known for his research into Virginia Eshelman Johnson (born February 11, 1925 to the parents Harry Hershel and Edna (Evans Eshelman in Springfield Missouri) is a former American Preben Hertoft (born 1928 Danish Psychiatrist and Professor in medical Sexology, senior Doctorate in Medicine. Oswalt Kolle (born October 2 1928 in Kiel) is a German sex educator, who became famous during the 1960s for his numerous books and Vern Leroy Bullough ( July 24 1928 – June 21 2006) was an American Historian and Sexologist. Dr John Gagnon of the State University of New York at Stony Brook is a Sociologist and Sexologist. Fred (Fritz Klein ( December 27, 1932 May 24, 2006) was an American Milton Diamond (born 6 March 1934 in New York New York) is a professor of Anatomy and Reproductive biology at the University Erwin J Haeberle (born March 30, 1936) is a German Social scientist and Sexologist. Gunter Schmidt (* 1938) is a german sexologist psychotherapist and social psychologist Rolf Gindorf (born May 14, 1939 in Köln / Cologne) is a German sexologist. Volkmar Sigusch (born June 11, 1940) is a German sexologist physician and sociologist Martin Dannecker (b 1942 in Oberndorf am Neckar) is a German sexologist and author Simon LeVay (born 28 August 1943 in Oxford England) is an American neuroscientist known for his studies about Brain structures Shere Hite (born November 2 1942, Saint Joseph, Missouri) is an American -born German sex educator and feminist Anne Fausto-Sterling, Ph D (born 1944 is Professor of Biology and Gender Studies at Brown University. Ray Milton Blanchard (born 9 October 1945) is an American-Canadian Sexologist, best known for his research studies on Pedophilia Gilbert Herdt (born February 24, 1949) is an American cultural anthropologist who specializes in Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures Magnus Hirschfeld Archive for Sexology. Retrieved on November 23, 2007.
  2. ^ "Dr. Vern L Bullough Distinguished Professor Natural and Social Sciences" Retrieved on November 23, 2007.
  3. ^ SAGE Journals Online - Sexualities. Retrieved on ??
  4. ^ SAGE Journals Online - Sexualities. Retrieved on ??
  5. ^ Marriage Science.com Retrieved on November 23, 2007.

See also

External links (alphabetically)

This is a list of topics related to Sexology, Human sexuality and Marriage customs and related topics such as human Sexual anatomy, Reproductive biology Gender studies is a field of Interdisciplinary study which analyzes the phenomenon of Gender. Philosophy of sex is the part of Applied philosophy studying sex and Love. Sex education is a broad term used to describe Education about human sexual anatomy, Sexual reproduction, Sexual intercourse, Reproductive Lesbian utopia refers to a conceptual community made up entirely of biological Females who are not dependent on men for anything For other universities in Berlin see List of Universities in Berlin. Bisexual Resource Center (BRC is a 501(c(3 Non-profit educational organization that has served the bisexual community since 1985

Dictionary

sexology

-noun

  1. The study of sex and sexuality
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