An early 20th century post card documents the problem of unwanted pregnancy.

Sex education is a broad term used to describe education about human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual intercourse, reproductive health, emotional relations, reproductive rights and responsibilities, and other aspects of human sexual behavior. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, as narrowly defined is any of the anatomical parts of the body which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute The Evolution of sexual reproduction is a major puzzle The first Fossilized evidence of sexually reproducing Organisms is from Eukaryotes of the Stenian Sexual intercourse, in its biological sense is the act in which the male reproductive organ (in humans and other higher animals enters the female reproductive tract Within the framework of WHO 's definition of Health as a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity reproductive Reproductive rights are Rights relating to reproduction and Reproductive health. Human sexual behavior or different human sexual practices encompass a wide range of activities such as strategies to find or attract partners ( Mating and display Common avenues for sex education are parents or caregivers, school programs, and public health campaigns.

Overview

Sex education may also be described as "sexuality education," which means that it encompasses education about all aspects of sexuality, including information about family planning, reproduction (fertilization, conception and development of the embryo and fetus, through to childbirth), plus information about all aspects of one's sexuality including: body image, sexual orientation, sexual pleasure, values, decision making, communication, dating, relationships, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and how to avoid them, and birth control methods. Family planning is frequently used to mean that people plan when to have children using Birth control, preconceptional counseling. Reproduction is the Biological process by which new individual Organisms are produced For soil improvement see Fertilization (soil. Controversy over the beginning of pregnancy usually occurs in the context of the Abortion debate An embryo (from Greek:, plural, lit "that which grows" from en- "in" + bryein "to swell be full" is a multicellular A fetus (or foetus or fœtus) is a developing Mammal or other Viviparous Vertebrate, after the Embryonic stage and Childbirth (also called labour, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a Human Pregnancy or Body image is a term which may refer to the Perceptions of a human's own Physical appearance, or the internal sense of having a body which is interpreted by the brain Sexual orientation is believed to refer to "an enduring pattern of emotional romantic and/or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes Generally speaking human sexuality is how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings A personal and cultural value is a Relative ethic value, an assumption upon which implementation can be extrapolated Decision making can be regarded as an outcome of mental processes ( cognitive process) leading to the selection of a course of action among several alternatives Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way A sexually transmitted disease ( STD) or venereal disease ( VD) is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between Humans Birth control, sometimes synonymous with contraception, is a regimen of one or more actions devices or Medications followed in order to deliberately prevent

Sex education may be taught informally, such as when someone receives information from a conversation with a parent, friend, religious leader, or through the media. A parent is a Father or Mother; one who sires or gives Friendship is a term used to denote co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more beings A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" It may also be delivered through sex self-help authors, magazine advice columnists, sex columnists, or through sex education web sites. Self-help or self-improvement refers to self-guided improvement—economically intellectually or emotionally—most frequently with a substantial psychological or spiritual An advice column is a column at a Magazine or Newspaper written by an advice columnist (colloquially known as an agony aunt, or agony uncle if A sex columnist is a Writer of a newspaper or magazine column about Sex. Formal sex education occurs when schools or health care providers offer sex education.

Sometimes formal sex education is taught as a full course as part of the curriculum in junior high school or high school. In formal education a curriculum (plural curricula) is the set of courses and their content offered at a School or University. Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution Other times it is only one unit within a more broad health class, home economics class, or physical education class. Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Family and consumer sciences is an academic discipline that combines aspects of social and natural science Some schools offer no sex education, since it remains a controversial issue in several countries, particularly the United States (especially with regard to the age at which children should start receiving such education, the amount of detail that is revealed, and topics dealing with human sexual behavior, eg. A controversy or dispute is a commencement of a conflict between statements of accepted fact and a new or unaccepted proposal that disagrees with argues against Human sexual behavior or different human sexual practices encompass a wide range of activities such as strategies to find or attract partners ( Mating and display safe sex practices, masturbation, premarital sex, and sexual ethics). Safe sex (also called safer sex or protected sex) is the practice of Sexual activity in a manner that reduces the risk of Infection with Masturbation refers to Sexual stimulation especially of one's own genitals ( self masturbation) and often to the point of Orgasm, which Fornication, or simple fornication is a term which refers to voluntary Sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other Sexual ethics is a category of Ethics that pertain to acts falling within the broad spectrum of Human sexual behavior, Sexual intercourse in particular

In 1936, Wilhelm Reich commented that sex education of his time was a work of deception, focusing on biology while concealing excitement-arousal, which is what a pubescent individual is mostly interested in. Wilhelm Reich ( March 24, 1897 – November 3, 1957) was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Deception (also called beguilement or subterfuge) is the act of convincing another to believe Information that is not true or not the whole truth as in Reich added that this emphasis obscures what he believed to be a basic psychological principle: that all worries and difficulties originate from unsatisfied sexual impulses. ^[1]

When sex education is contentiously debated, the chief controversial points are whether covering child sexuality is valuable or detrimental; the use of birth control such as condoms and hormonal contraception; and the impact of such use on pregnancy outside marriage, teenage pregnancy, and the transmission of STIs. Child sexuality refers to phenomena researched as the Sexual feelings behaviors and development of Children. A condom is a device most commonly used during Sexual intercourse. Hormonal contraception refers to Birth control methods that act on the hormonal system Teenage pregnancy is defined as a Teenage or underage girl usually within the ages of 13-17 becoming pregnant Increasing support for abstinence-only sex education by conservative groups has been one of the primary causes of this controversy. Abstinence-only sex education is a form of Sex education that emphasizes Abstinence from sex to the exclusion of all other types of Sexual and reproductive Countries with conservative attitudes towards sex education (including the UK and the U. S. ) have a higher incidence of STIs and teenage pregnancy. ^[2]

The existence of AIDS has given a new sense of urgency to the topic of sex education. In many African nations, where AIDS is at epidemic levels (see HIV/AIDS in Africa), sex education is seen by most scientists as a vital public health strategy. The HIV / AIDS epidemics spreading through the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa are highly varied Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society organisations Some international organizations such as Planned Parenthood consider that broad sex education programs have global benefits, such as controlling the risk of overpopulation and the advancement of women's rights (see also reproductive rights). Planned Parenthood is the collective name of organizations worldwide who are members of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF Overpopulation refers to a condition where an Organism 's numbers exceed the Carrying capacity of its Habitat. Reproductive rights are Rights relating to reproduction and Reproductive health.

According to SIECUS, the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States, 93% of adults they surveyed support sexuality education in high school and 84% support it in junior high school. The Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States ( SIECUS) is a United States organization and Advocacy group dedicated to sex and ^[3] In fact, 88% of parents of junior high school students and 80% of parents of high school students believe that sex education in school makes it easier for them to talk to their adolescents about sex. ^[4] Also, 92% of adolescents report that they want both to talk to their parents about sex and to have comprehensive in-school sex education. ^[5]

Sex education worldwide

Africa

AIDS posters in Côte d'Ivoire

Sex education in Africa has focused on stemming the growing AIDS epidemic. Côte d'Ivoire (ˌkoʊt divˈwɑː(r ' in English, kot diˈvwaʀ in French) or Ivory Coast, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a The HIV / AIDS epidemics spreading through the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa are highly varied Most governments in the region have established AIDS education programs in partnership with the World Health Organization and international NGOs. These programs commonly teach the 'ABC' of HIV prevention, which has been frequently backed by the Bush Administration: a combination of abstinence (A), fidelity to your partner (Be faithful) and condom use (C). (See Abstinence, be faithful, use a condom. Abstinence be faithful use a condom, also known as the ABC strategy or abstinence plus of sex education, is a Sex education policy based on Harm ) The efforts of these educational campaigns appear now to be bearing fruit. In Uganda, condom use has increased, youths are delaying the age at which sexual intercourse first occurs, and overall rates of HIV infection have been going down. The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. ^[6]

Egypt teaches knowledge about male and female reproductive systems, sexual organs, contraception and STDs in public schools at the second and third years of the middle-preparatory phase (when students are aged 12–14). This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. There is currently a coordinated program between UNDP, UNICEF, and the ministries of health and education to promote sexual education at a larger scale in rural areas and spread awareness of dangers of female genital cutting. The United Nations Children's Fund (or UNICEF) was created by the United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 1946 Female genital cutting (FGC also known as female genital mutilation (FGM female circumcision or female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C refers to

Asia

The state of sex education programs in Asia is at various stages of development. Indonesia, Mongolia, South Korea and Sri Lanka have a systematic policy framework for teaching about sex within schools. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand have assessed adolescent reproductive health needs with a view to developing adolescent-specific training, messages and materials. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj India has programs that specifically aims at school children at the age group of nine to sixteen years. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country These are included as subjects in the curriculum and generally involves open and frank interaction with the teachers. In India, there is a huge debate on the curriculum of sex education and when should it be increased. Attempts by state governments to introduce sex education as a compulsory part of the school curriculum have often been met with harsh criticism by political parties, who claim that sex education "is against Indian culture" and would mislead children. [2] (Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan have no coordinated sex education programs. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ^[7]

In Japan, sex education is mandatory from age 10 or 11, mainly covering biological topics such as menstruation and ejaculation. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. ^[8]

In China, sex education traditionally consists in reading the reproduction section of biology textbooks. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National However, in 2000 a new five-year project was introduced by the China Family Planning Association to "promote reproductive health education among Chinese teenagers and unmarried youth" in twelve urban districts and three counties. This includes discussion about sex within human relationships as well as pregnancy and HIV prevention. ^[9]

The International Planned Parenthood Federation and the BBC World Service ran a 12-part series known as Sexwise, which discussed sex education, family life education, contraception and parenting. The International Planned Parenthood Federation is a global Non-governmental organization with the broad aims of promoting sexual and Reproductive health, and It was first launched in South Asia and then extended worldwide. ^[10]

Europe

France

In France, sex education has been part of school curricula since 1973. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Schools are expected to provide 30 to 40 hours of sex education, and pass out condoms, to students in grades eight and nine. In January 2000, the French government launched an information campaign on contraception with TV and radio spots and the distribution of five million leaflets on contraception to high school students. ^[11]

Germany

In Germany, sex education has been part of school curricula since 1970. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. It normally covers all subjects concerning the growing-up process, the changing of the body, emotions, the biological process of reproduction, sexual activity, partnership, homosexuality, unwanted pregnancies and the complications of abortion, the dangers of sexual violence, child abuse, and sex-transmitted diseases, but sometimes also things like sex positions. Most schools offer courses on the correct usage of contraception. There are also other media of sex education, in first place the youth magazine "Bravo", which always contains a topic where teenagers pose questions about partnership and sexuality. Though it has to be added that the importance of this particular purpose of the magazine has faded somewhat since the 1990ies, mostly due to teenagers getting the desired information from the Internet.

The Netherlands

Subsidized by the Dutch government, the “Lang leve de liefde” (“Long Live Love”) package, developed in the late 1980s, aims to give teenagers the skills to make their own decisions regarding health and sexuality. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Nearly all secondary schools provide sex education as part of biology classes and over half of primary schools discuss sexuality and contraception. The curriculum focuses on biological aspects of reproduction as well as on values, attitudes, communication and negotiation skills. The media has encouraged open dialogue and the health-care system guarantees confidentiality and a non-judgmental approach. The Netherlands has one of the lowest teenage pregnancy rates in the world, and the Dutch approach is often seen as a model for other countries. ^[12]

Sweden

In Sweden, sex education has been a mandatory part of school education since 1956. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The subject is usually started at grades 4–6, and continues up through the grades, incorporated into different subjects such as biology and history. In Finland, the Population and Family Welfare Federation provides to all 15-year-olds an introductory sexual package that includes an information brochure, a condom and a cartoon love story. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. ^[8]

Switzerland

In Switzerland, the content and amount of sex education is decided at the cantonal level. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the states of the Federal state of Switzerland. In Geneva, courses have been given at the secondary level since the 1950s. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Interventions in primary schools were started more recently, with the objective of making children conscious of what is and isn't allowed, and able to say "No". In secondary schools (age 13-14), condoms are shown to all pupils, and are demonstrated by unfolding over the teacher's fingers. For this, classes are usually separated into girl-only and boy-only subgroups. Condoms are not distributed, however, except among older adolescents engaged in state-run non-compulsory education (age 16-17).

United Kingdom

In England and Wales, sex education is not compulsory in schools as parents can refuse to let their children take part in the lessons. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The curriculum focuses on the reproductive system, fetal development, and the physical and emotional changes of adolescence, while information about contraception and safe sex is discretionary. Britain has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe and sex education is a heated issue in government and media reports. In a 2000 study by the University of Brighton, many 14 to 15 year olds reported disappointment with the content of sex education lessons and felt that lack of confidentiality prevents teenagers from asking teachers about contraception. ^[11]

In Scotland, the main sex education program is Healthy Respect, which focuses not only on the biological aspects of reproduction but also on relationships and emotions. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Education about contraception and sexually transmitted diseases are included in the program as a way of encouraging good sexual health. Birth control, sometimes synonymous with contraception, is a regimen of one or more actions devices or Medications followed in order to deliberately prevent A sexually transmitted disease ( STD) or venereal disease ( VD) is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between Humans In response to a refusal by Catholic schools to commit to the program, however, a separate sex education program has been developed for use in those schools. Funded by the Scottish Government, the program Call to Love focuses on encouraging children to delay sex until marriage, and does not cover contraception, and as such is a form of abstinence-only sex education. The Scottish Government (SG ( Scottish Gaelic: Riaghaltas na h-Alba) is the executive arm of the government of Scotland. Abstinence-only sex education is a form of Sex education that emphasizes Abstinence from sex to the exclusion of all other types of Sexual and reproductive

United States

See also: Adolescent sexuality in the United States  and Abstinence-only sex education

Almost all U. See also Adolescent sexuality Adolescent sexuality in the United States relates to the sexuality of American adolescents and its place Abstinence-only sex education is a form of Sex education that emphasizes Abstinence from sex to the exclusion of all other types of Sexual and reproductive S. students receive some form of sex education at least once between grades 7 and 12; many schools begin addressing some topics as early as grades 5 or 6. ^[13] However, what students learn varies widely, because curriculum decisions are so decentralized. Many states have laws governing what is taught in sex education classes or allowing parents to opt out. Some state laws leave curriculum decisions to individual school districts. ^[14]

For example, a 1999 study by the Guttmacher Institute found that most U. The Guttmacher Institute is a Non-profit organization which works to advance Reproductive health as defined by the World Health Organization. S. sex education courses in grades 7 through 12 cover puberty, HIV, STIs, abstinence, implications of teenage pregnancy, and how to resist peer pressure. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome A sexually transmitted disease ( STD) or venereal disease ( VD) is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between Humans Abstinence is a voluntary restraint from indulging a desire or appetite for certain bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure Pregnancy ( Latin graviditas) is the carrying of one or more offspring known as a Fetus or Embryo, inside the Uterus of a Female Other studied topics, such as methods of birth control and infection prevention, sexual orientation, sexual abuse, and factual and ethical information about abortion, varied more widely. Birth control, sometimes synonymous with contraception, is a regimen of one or more actions devices or Medications followed in order to deliberately prevent Sexual orientation is believed to refer to "an enduring pattern of emotional romantic and/or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes Sexual abuse, also referred to as molestation, is the forcing of undesired sexual acts by one person upon another An ^[15]

Two main forms of sex education are taught in American schools: comprehensive and abstinence-only. Abstinence-only sex education is a form of Sex education that emphasizes Abstinence from sex to the exclusion of all other types of Sexual and reproductive Comprehensive sex education covers abstinence as a positive choice, but also teaches about contraception and avoidance of STIs when sexually active. A 2002 study conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that 58% of secondary school principals describe their sex education curriculum as comprehensive. The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF, or just Kaiser Family Foundation, is a U ^[14]

Abstinence-only sex education tells teenagers that they should be sexually abstinent until marriage and does not provide information about contraception. In the Kaiser study, 34% of high-school principals said their school's main message was abstinence-only.

The difference between these two approaches, and their impact on teen behavior, remains a controversial subject in the U. S. Teenage birth rates had been dropping in the U. S. since 1991, but a 2007 report showed 3% increase from 2005 to 2006. ^[16] From 1991 to 2005, the percentage of teens reporting that they had ever had sex or were currently sexually active showed small declines. ^[17] However, the U. S. still has the highest teen birth rate and one of the highest rates of STIs among teens in the industrialized world. ^[18] Public opinion polls conducted over the years have found that the vast majority of Americans favor broader sex education programs over those that teach only abstinence, although abstinence educators recently published poll data with the totally opposite conclusion. ^[19][20][21]

Proponents of comprehensive sex education, which include the American Psychological Association,^[22] the American Medical Association,^[23] the National Association of School Psychologists,^[24] the American Academy of Pediatrics,^[25] the American Public Health Association,^[26] the Society for Adolescent Medicine^[27] and the American College Health Association,^[27] argue that sexual behavior after puberty is a given, and it is therefore crucial to provide information about the risks and how they can be minimized; they also claim that denying teens such factual information leads to unwanted pregnancies and STIs. The American Psychological Association (APA is a professional organization representing psychologists in the U The American Medical Association (AMA founded in 1847 and incorporated 1897 is the largest association of Physicians and Medical students in the United States The National Association of School Psychologists ( NASP) is the major national Professional organization for school psychologists in the United States The American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP) is an organization of Pediatricians physicians trained to deal with the medical care of infants children and adolescents The American Public Health Association (APHA is Washington DC

On the other hand, proponents of abstinence-only sex education object to curricula that fail to teach their standard of moral behavior; they maintain that a morality based on sex only within the bounds of marriage is "healthy and constructive" and that value-free knowledge of the body may lead to immoral, unhealthy, and harmful practices. Within the last decade, the federal government has encouraged abstinence-only education by steering over a billion dollars to such programs. ^[28] Some 15 states now decline the funding so that they can continue to teach comprehensive sex education. ^{[29][30][31][32]} Funding for one of the federal government's two main abstinency-only funding programs, Title V, was extended only until December 31, 2007; Congress is debating whether to continue it past that date. ^[33]

The impact of the rise in abstinence-only education remains a question. To date, no published studies of abstinence-only programs have found consistent and significant program effects on delaying the onset of intercourse. ^[18] In 2007, a study ordered by the U. S. Congress found that middle school students who took part in abstinence-only sex education programs were just as likely to have sex (and use contraception) in their teenage years as those who did not. ^[34] Abstinence-only advocates claimed that the study was flawed because it was too narrow and began when abstinence-only curricula were in their infancy, and that other studies have demonstrated positive effects. ^[35]

Morality of sex education

One approach to sex education is to view it as necessary to reduce risk behaviours such as unprotected sex, and equip individuals to make informed decisions about their personal sexual activity. Additionally, some proponents and opponents of comprehensive sex education contend that education about homosexuality encourages tolerance and understanding that homosexuality isn't something that is wrong.

Another viewpoint on sex education, historically inspired by sexologists like Wilhelm Reich and psychologists like Sigmund Freud and James W. Prescott, holds that what is at stake in sex education is control over the body and liberation from social control. Wilhelm Reich ( March 24, 1897 – November 3, 1957) was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded James W Prescott (born c1930 is an American developmental Psychologist, whose research focused on the origins of Violence, particularly as it relates to a lack Proponents of this view tend to see the political question as whether society or the individual should teach sexual mores. Mores (ˈmɔːreɪz are norms or customs Mores derive from the established practices of a society rather than its written Laws. Sexual education may thus be seen as providing individuals with the knowledge necessary to liberate themselves from socially organized sexual oppression and to make up their own minds. A sexual norm can refer to a Personal or a social norm Most cultures have social norms regarding sexuality, and define normal sexuality In addition, sexual oppression may be viewed as socially harmful.

To another group in the sex education debate, the question is whether the state or the family should teach sexual mores. A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. Family denotes a group of People affiliated by consanguinity affinity or co-residence Mores (ˈmɔːreɪz are norms or customs Mores derive from the established practices of a society rather than its written Laws. They believe that sexual mores should be left to the family, and sex-education represents state interference. They claim that some sex education curricula break down pre-existing notions of modesty and encourage acceptance of practices that those advocating this viewpoint deem immoral, such as homosexuality and premarital sex. Standards of modesty (also called demureness or reticence) are aspects of the Culture of a Country or people at a given point in time Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. Fornication, or simple fornication is a term which refers to voluntary Sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other They cite web sites such as that of the Coalition for Positive Sexuality as examples. Coalition for Positive Sexuality is an internet-based comprehensive Sexuality education website for youth and young adults Naturally, those that believe that homosexuality and premarital sex are a normal part of the range of human sexuality disagree with them.

Many religions teach that sexual behavior outside of marriage is immoral, so their adherents feel that this morality should be taught as part of sex education. Other religious conservatives believe that sexual knowledge is unavoidable, hence their preference for a curricula based on abstinence. Abstinence is a voluntary restraint from indulging a desire or appetite for certain bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure ^[36]

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth

Youth seeking his father's advice on love
From the Haft Awrang of Jami, in the story A Father Advises his Son About Love. Nur ad-Din Abd ar-Rahman Jami (نورالدین عبدالرحمن جامی ( August 18, 1414 &ndash November 19, 1492) was one of the greatest His counsel is to choose that lover who desires him for his inner beauty. See Sufi outlook on male love Freer and Sackler Galleries, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Pederasty or paederasty refers to an erotic relationship sexually expressed or not between an adolescent boy and an adult male outside his immediate family The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth are often ignored in sex education classes, including a frequent lack of discussion about safer sex practices for manual, oral, and anal sex, despite these activities' different risk levels for sexually transmitted diseases. A lesbian is a Woman who is romantically or sexually attracted only to other women In the English language, gay is an Adjective that in modern usage refers to Homosexuality. Bisexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of both sexes or to a bisexual orientation Transgender (trænzˈdʒɛndɚ from ( Latin) derivatives LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual Non-penetrative sex (also known as outercourse and dry sex) is Sexual activity without Vaginal Anal, and Oral penetration Oral sex refers to sexual activities involving the use of the Mouth, and may include use of the Tongue, Teeth, and Throat, in order Anal sex most often refers to the sex act involving insertion of the Penis into the Rectum. A sexually transmitted disease ( STD) or venereal disease ( VD) is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between Humans

Some people do not agree with comprehensive sexual education that references or discusses such practices, believing that including this additional information might be seen as encouraging homosexual behavior. Proponents of such comprehensive curricula hold that by excluding discussion of these issues or the issues of homosexuality, bisexuality, or transgenderedness, feelings of isolation, loneliness, guilt and shame as well as depression are made much worse for students who belong or believe they may belong to one of these categories, or are unsure of their sexual identity. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. Bisexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of both sexes or to a bisexual orientation Transgender (trænzˈdʒɛndɚ from ( Latin) derivatives In the fields of Psychology and Psychiatry, the terms depression or depressed refer to both expected and pathologically chronic or severe Supporters of including LGBT issues as an integral part of comprehensive sexuality education argue that this information is still useful and relevant and reduces the likelihood of suicide, sexually transmitted disease, 'acting out' and maladaptive behavior in these students. LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual Adaptive behavior is a type of Behavior that is used to adapt to another type of behavior or situation In the absence of such discussion, these youths are said to be de facto forced to remain in the closet, while youths are left without guidance on dealing with their own possible same-gender attractions and with their LGBT classmates. Coming outThe expressions " closeted " or "in the closet " generally refer to undisclosed sexual behavior, Sexual orientation or Gender

Supporters of comprehensive sex education programs argue that abstinence-only curricula (that advocate that youth should abstain from sex until marriage) ignore and marginalize lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth, who are often unable to marry a partner due to legal restrictions. Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same Proponents of abstinence-only education often have a more conservative view of homosexuality and bisexuality and are against them being taught as normal, acceptable orientations or placed in equal footing to heterosexual acts/relations, and so they generally do not see this as a problem. Supporters of comprehensive programs feel that this is a major problem as it could lead GLBT youth to feel even more alienated and ashamed of their sexual orientation. LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual

Scientific study of sex education

The debate over teenage pregnancy and STDs has spurred some research into the effectiveness of different approaches to sex education. Teenage pregnancy is defined as a Teenage or underage girl usually within the ages of 13-17 becoming pregnant In a meta-analysis, DiCenso et al. have compared comprehensive sex education programs with abstinence-only programs. ^[37] Their review of several studies shows that abstinence-only programs did not reduce the likelihood of pregnancy of women who participated in the programs, but rather increased it. Four abstinence programs and one school program were associated with a pooled increase of 54% in the partners of men and 46% in women (confidence interval 95% 0. In Statistics, a confidence interval (CI is an interval estimate of a Population parameter. 95 to 2. 25 and 0. 98 to 2. 26 respectively). The researchers conclude:

"There is some evidence that prevention programs may need to begin much earlier than they do. In a recent systematic review of eight trials of day care for disadvantaged children under 5 years of age, long term follow up showed lower pregnancy rates among adolescents. A systematic review is a Literature review focused on a single question which tries to identify appraise select and synthesize all high quality research evidence relevant to Day care or child care is care of a child during the Day by a person other than the child's Parents or Legal guardians typically someone outside We need to investigate the social determinants of unintended pregnancy in adolescents through large longitudinal studies beginning early in life and use the results of the multivariate analyses to guide the design of prevention interventions. We should carefully examine countries with low pregnancy rates among adolescents. For example, the Netherlands has one of the lowest rates in the world (8. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands 1 per 1000 young women aged 15 to 19 years), and Ketting & Visser have published an analysis of associated factors. ^[38] In contrast, the rates are:

• 93. 0 per 1000 in the United States (85. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 8/1000 in 1996)
• 62. 6 per 1000 in England and Wales
• 42. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 7 per 1000 in Canada
• 15. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page 1 per 1000 in Belgium (1996)^[39]

We should examine effective programs designed to prevent other high risk behaviors in adolescents. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those For example, Botvin et al. found that school based programs to prevent drug abuse during junior high school (ages 12–14 years) resulted in important and durable reductions in use of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis if they taught a combination of social resistance skills and general life skills, were properly implemented, and included at least two years of booster sessions. Drug abuse has a wide range of definitions related to taking a Psychoactive drug or Performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a

Few sexual health interventions are designed with input from adolescents. Adolescents have suggested that sex education should be more positive with less emphasis on anatomy and scare tactics; it should focus on negotiation skills in sexual relationships and communication; and details of sexual health clinics should be advertised in areas that adolescents frequent (for example, school toilets, shopping centres). Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration For Wikipedia's negotiation policy see WikipediaNegotiation. For other uses see Negotiation (disambiguation. A skill is the learned capacity or talent to carry out pre-determined results often with the minimum outlay of time energy or both. Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way "^[37]

Also, a U. S. review, "Emerging Answers", by the National Campaign To Prevent Teenage Pregnancy examined 250 studies of sex education programs. ^[40] The conclusion of this review was that "the overwhelming weight of evidence shows that sex education that discusses contraception does not increase sexual activity".

See also

• About Your Sexuality
• Adolescent sexuality
• Facts of Life
• Harmful to Minors, a book by Judith Levine, which deals with sexual morality and sex education in the United States
• Harm reduction
• Our Whole Lives
• Permissive society
• Promiscuity
• Refusal skills
• Section 28 (UK)
• Sex manual
• Sexual morality
• Sexual orientation
• Sexual revolution
• Social conservatism
• Teenage pregnancy
• The birds and the bees

Notes

External links

• Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS)
• Facts on Sex Education in the United States From the Guttmacher Institute
• Teachers' TV Sex and relationship education site for schools
• Doinitright.org Place where teens can ask anonymous questions about sexual health
• Patterns of Deceit Raise Concerns About Teenage Sex Surveys in The New York Times, about virginity pledges
• The Dutch model UNESCO Courier on the success of the Netherlands. Virginity pledges (or abstinence pledges) are commitments made by Teenagers and young adults to refrain from Sexual intercourse until
• Sex information website by the "Nederlandse Vereniging voor Seksuele Hervorming" (Dutch Society for Sexual Reform)
• Sexwise Sex information for teenagers in the UK
• Youth-Policy Youth reproductive health and HIV/AIDS policy in developing countries
• Project Growing Up Sexually
• Free downloadable slide presentations for teaching sexual education
• TeenSource Sex education site for teens
• Sex, Etc. The national magazine and Web site written by teens, for teens, on sexual health issues. The Dutch Society for Sexual Reform is a Dutch organization known by the acronym NVSH (Nederlandse Vereniging voor Seksuele Hervorming The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
• UCSB's SexInfo A website where anyone can ask a question about sex. Also has many articles on sex related topics.
• The SexEdLibrary A comprehensive resource for sexuality education teachers.
• Sex and the CDC, The Indypendent
• An example of sex education for adults using flash animation and video
• "No Matter the Approach, Sex Ed Works"
• Sex ed needs a push An article written by a journalism student in HK

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