Serra do Mar - Citizendia

Serra do Mar (Portuguese for Mountain Range of the Sea) is a 1,500 km long system of mountain ranges and escarpments in Southeastern Brazil, which runs in parallel to the Atlantic Ocean coast, from the state of Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys In Geomorphology, an escarpment is a transition zone between different physiogeographic provinces that involves a sharp steep Elevation differential characterized |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the Ocean. For the Portuguese company see Espírito Santo Financial Group Espírito Santo (is (ˈsɐ̃ta kataˈɾina is a state in southern Brazil with one of the highest standards of living in the country The main escarpment forms the boundary between the sea-level littoral and the inland plateau (planalto), which has a mean altitude of 500 to 1300 m. Littoral refers to the coast of an ocean or sea or to the banks of a river lake or estuary In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting The mountain ranges are discontinuous in several places and receive individual names, such as Serra de Bocaina, Serra de Paranapiacaba, Serra Negra, Serra dos Órgãos, etc. History Serra Negra was founded on 23 September 1828, but at least a century before that the region was already inhabited and was on the passageway between Serra dos Órgãos (the Organ Hills is a National park in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, about a one hour drive from the city of Rio de It also extends to some large islands near the coastline, such as Ilhabela and Ilha Grande. Ilhabela ( Portuguese for Beautiful Island) is an Archipelago situated 4 miles off the coast of São Paulo lopesmendesjpg|right|thumb|200px|The Lopes Mendes beach]] Ilha Grande (literal translation Big Island is an island located off the coast of Rio de Janeiro state The highest point of Serra do Mar is the Pico das Salinas, located in the Parque Estadual dos Três Picos in the state of Rio de Janeiro in a municipality of Nova Friburgo, with a height of 2,316 m. Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil

Geologically, the Serra do Mar belongs to the massive crystalline rock platform that forms Eastern South America and tectonically is very stable. In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a This article discusses the geologic usage for the philosophical or architectural usage see Architectonics ' Or see Plate tectonics. Most of the elevations of Serra do Mar were formed about 60 million years ago.

At the time of discovery of Brazil (1500), Serra do Mar supported a rich and highly diversified ecosystem, composed mainly by a lush tropical rain forest, called Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Rainforest). Rainforests are Forests characterized by high Rainfall with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm (68-78 inches The Atlantic Forest ( Mata Atlântica in Portuguese) is a region of tropical and subtropical moist forest, tropical dry forest, tropical Due to urbanization and deforestation, however, most of the forest cover was destroyed and it remains almost exclusively in the steep escarpments facing the sea. Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing Deforestation is the conversion of Forested areas to non-forest land for use such as Arable land, Pasture, urban use logged area or wasteland A chain of national and state parks, ecological stations and biological reservations now protect the Mata Atlântica and its biological heritage, but acid rain, pollution, poachers, clandestine loggers, forest fires and encroachment by urban areas and farms are still promoting active destruction, particularly around cities. State Park is a term used in the United States and in Mexico for an area of land preserved on account of its natural beauty historic interest recreation or other Acid rain is Rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually Acidic It has harmful effects on plants aquatic animals and infastructure Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in Poaching is the illegal Hunting, Fishing or Harvesting of wild plants or animals A wildfire, also known as a wildland fire, forest fire, brush fire, vegetation fire, grass fire, Peat fire, The largest metropolis of Curitiba, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Vitória are near the Serra do Mar. Curitiba (pron kuɾi'tibɐ or kuɾi'tʃibɐ is the capital City of the Brazilian state of Paraná. São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil Vitória is the capital of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Reforestation and recuperation of biological diversity are notoriously difficult to bring about in destroyed rain forest habitats, but Rio de Janeiro boasts of such success in the Mata Atlântica in its city parks.

See also