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Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev (Russian: Серге́й Серге́евич Проко́фьев, Sergéj Sergéjevič Prokófjev) was born in Sontsovka [1](now Borysivka), Ukraine, of the Russian Empire on 27 April [O.S. 15 April] 1891, and died on March 5, 1953[2]. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was a Russian composer who mastered numerous musical genres and came to be admired as one of the greatest composers of the 20th century. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance (Alternative transliterations of his name include Sergey or Serge, and Prokofief, Prokofieff, or Prokofyev. Transliteration is the practice of Transcribing a Word or text written in one Writing system into another writing system or system of rules for such practice )

Contents

Biography

Prokofiev displayed unusual musical abilities by the age of five. His first piano composition to be written down (by his mother), an 'Indian Gallop', was in the key of F Lydian (F major with a B natural instead of B flat) as the young Prokofiev did not like to touch the black keys. By the age of seven, he had also learned to play chess. Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. Much like music, chess would remain a passion his entire life, and he became acquainted with world chess champions Capablanca and Botvinnik. Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (mʲixaˈiɫ̺ mʌiˈs̺ʲɛjɛvʲiʧʲ bʌt̺ˈvʲin̺n̻ʲik Михаи́л Моисе́евич Ботви́нник) ( &ndash May

At the age of nine he was composing his first opera,[3] The Giant, as well as an overture and miscellaneous pieces.

In 1902 Prokofiev's mother obtained an audience with Sergei Taneyev, director of the Moscow Conservatoire. Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev (Pronounced Ta-'ñe-jəv (also Taneev or Taneiev, Russian: Сергей Иванович Танеев Sergej Ivanovič The Moscow Conservatory (Московская Государственная Консерватория им Taneyev suggested that Prokofiev should start lessons in composition with Alexander Goldenweiser, who declined, and Reinhold Glière. Alexander Goldenweiser may refer to Alexander Alexandrovich Goldenweiser (1880&ndash1940 American anthropologist Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser Reinhold Moritzevich Glière (Рейнгольд Морицевич Глиэр Rejngol'd Moricevič Glier) ( &ndash June 23 1956 was a Ukrainian, Soviet [4] Glière visited Prokofiev in Sontsivka twice during the summer to teach him. [5] By then Prokofiev had already produced a number of innovative pieces. As soon as he had the necessary theoretical tools, he quickly started experimenting, laying the base for his own musical style.

After a while, Prokofiev felt that the isolation in Sontsivka was restricting his further musical development. Although his parents were not too keen on forcing their son into a musical career at such an early age, in 1904 he moved to Saint Petersburg and applied to the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, after encouragement by the director Alexander Glazunov, who was later unhappy with Prokofiev's music. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Aleksandr Konstantinovich Glazunov (Александр Константинович Глазунов Aleksandr Konstantinovič Glazunov; Glazounov Glasunow &ndash 21 March [6] By this point Prokofiev had composed two more operas, Desert Islands and The Feast during the Plague and was working on his fourth, Undine. [7] He passed the introductory tests and started his composition studies the same year. Being several years younger than most of his classmates, he was viewed as eccentric and arrogant, and he often expressed dissatisfaction with much of the education, which he found boring. During this period he studied under, among others, Anatol Liadov, Nikolai Tcherepnin, and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov or Liadov (Анатолий Константинович Лядов ( May 11 (old style April 29) 1855 St Petersburg - Nikolai Nikolayevich Tcherepnin ( &ndash 26 June 1945) was a Russian Composer, Pianist, and conductor. Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov ( Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков, Nikolaj Andreevič Rimskij-Korsakov) also Nikolay Later, he would regret squandering his opportunity to learn more from Rimsky-Korsakov. He also became friends with Boris Asafiev and Nikolai Myaskovsky. See also Boris Vladimirovich Asafiev ( Бори́с Влади́мирович Аса́фьев) ( Boris Vladimirovich Asafyev; - 27 January Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky ( ru: Николай Яковлевич Мясковский also transliterated as Miaskovskii or Miaskovsky ( April 20, 1881

As a member of the Saint Petersburg music scene, Prokofiev eventually earned a reputation as an enfant terrible, while also getting praise for his original compositions, which he would perform himself on the piano. L'enfant terrible (Terrible child (also spelled enfant terrible) is a French term for a child who is terrifyingly candid by saying embarrassing things to adults In 1909, he graduated from his class in composition, getting less than impressive marks. He continued at the Conservatory, but now concentrated on playing the piano and conducting. His piano lessons went far from smoothly, but the composition classes made an impression on him. His teacher encouraged his musical experimentation, and his works from this period display more intensity than earlier ones.

In 1910, Prokofiev's father died and Sergei's economic support ceased. Luckily, at that time, he had started making a name for himself as a composer, although he frequently caused scandals with his forward-looking works. His first two piano concertos were composed around this time. A piano concerto is a work written for Piano and Orchestra.See also Harpsichord concerto; some of these works are occasionally played on piano He made his first excursion out of Russia in 1913, travelling to Paris and London where he first encountered Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (Серге́й Па́влович Дя́гилев / Sergei Pavlovich Dyagilev) also referred to as Serge, ( March 31, See also Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, The Ballets Russes ( French for The Russian Ballets) was a Ballet company established

In 1914, Prokofiev left the Conservatory with the highest marks of his class, a feat which won him a grand piano. Soon afterwards, he made a trip to London where he made contact with Diaghilev and Igor Stravinsky. Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to

During World War I, Prokofiev returned again to the Academy, now studying the organ. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon "organ instrument tool" is a Keyboard instrument of one or more divisions each He composed an opera based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel The Gambler, but the rehearsals were plagued by problems and the première scheduled for 1917 had to be cancelled because of the February Revolution. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский, sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, Dostoievsky, The Gambler is a novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky about a young tutor in the employment of a formerly wealthy Russian General The February Revolution (Февральская революция in 1917 in Russia was the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917. In summer the same year, Prokofiev composed his first symphony, the Classical. Sergei Prokofiev began work on Symphony No 1 in D major Op 25 in 1916 but wrote most of it in 1917 completing the piece on September 20 1917. This was his own name for the symphony which was written in the style that, according to Prokofiev, Joseph Haydn would have used if he had been alive at the time. [8] Hence, the symphony is more or less classical in style but incorporates more modern musical elements (see Neoclassicism). Neoclassicism in music was a 20th century development particularly popular in the period between the two World Wars in which composers drew inspiration from music of the 18th century After a brief stay with his mother in Kislovodsk in the Caucasus, because of worries of the enemy capturing Petrograd (the new name for Saint Petersburg), he returned in 1918, but he was now determined to leave Russia, at least temporarily. Kislovodsk (Кислово́дск is a city in Stavropol Krai, Russia. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River In the current Russian state of unrest, he saw no room for his experimental music and, in May, he headed for the USA. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Despite this, he had already developed acquaintances with senior Bolsheviks including Anatoly Lunacharsky, the People's Commissar for Education, who told him: "You are a revolutionary in music, we are revolutionaries in life. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction We ought to work together. But if you want to go to America I shall not stand in your way. "[9]

Life abroad

Arriving in San Francisco, he was immediately compared to other famous Russian exiles (such as Sergei Rachmaninoff), and he started out successfully with a solo concert in New York, leading to several further engagements. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff (Сергей Васильевич Рахманинов He also received a contract for the production of his new opera The Love for Three Oranges but, due to illness and the death of the director, the premiere was canceled. The Love for Three Oranges ( Russian: Любовь к трём апельсинам, or Lyubov k Tryom Apelsinam in Transliteration This was another example of Prokofiev's bad luck in operatic matters. The failure also cost him his American solo career, since the opera took too much time and effort. He soon found himself in financial difficulties, and, in April 1920, he left for Paris, not wanting to return to Russia as a failure. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

Paris was better prepared for Prokofiev's musical style. He reaffirmed his contacts with the Diaghilev's Ballets Russes and with Stravinsky, and returned to some of his older, unfinished works, such as the Third Piano Concerto. See also Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, The Ballets Russes ( French for The Russian Ballets) was a Ballet company established Sergei Prokofiev wrote his Piano Concerto No 3 in C major in 1921 utilizing sketches first started in 1913 Later, in December 1920, The Love for Three Oranges finally premièred in Chicago. Events in December Union Day of Romania (1 December World AIDS Day ( December 1) National Day of Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. However, the reception was cold, forcing Prokofiev to again leave America without triumph.

Prokofiev then moved with his mother to the Bavarian Alps for over a year so he could concentrate fully on his composing. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Most of his time was spent on an old opera project, The Fiery Angel, based on the novel The Fiery Angel by Valery Bryusov. The Fiery Angel ( Russian: Огненный ангел — Ognenny angel in Transliteration) is an Opera in five acts Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov (Вале́рий Я́ковлевич Брю́сов ( &ndash October 9 1924) was a Russian poet prose writer dramatist translator By this time his later music had acquired a certain following in Russia, and he received invitations to return there, but he felt that his new European career was more important. In 1923, he married the Spanish singer Lina Llubera (1897-1989), before moving back to Paris.

There, a number of his works (for example the Second Symphony) was performed, but critical reception was lukewarm, perhaps because he could no longer really lay claim to being a "novelty. Sergei Prokofiev wrote his Symphony No 2 in D minor (Op 40 in 1924-5 " He did not particularly like Stravinsky's later works and, even though he was quite friendly with members of "Les Six," he musically had very little in common with them. Les Six is a name inspired by The Five, given in 1923 by critic Henri Collet in an article titled ‘Les cinq Russes les

Around 1927, the virtuoso's situation brightened; he had some exciting commissions from Diaghilev and made a number of concert tours in Russia; in addition, he enjoyed a very successful staging of The Love for Three Oranges in Leningrad (as Saint Petersburg was then known). Two older operas (one of them The Gambler) were also played in Europe and in 1928 Prokofiev produced his Third Symphony, which was broadly based on his unperformed opera The Fiery Angel. Sergei Prokofiev wrote his Symphony No 3 in C minor (Op 44 in 1928. The years 1931 and 1932 saw the completion of his fourth and fifth piano concertos. Sergey Prokofiev 's Piano Concerto No 4 in B-flat major (Op 53 for the left hand was commissioned by the one-armed pianist Paul Wittgenstein and completed in 1931 The last complete piano concerto by Sergei Prokofiev, Piano Concerto No

In 1929, he suffered a car accident, which slightly injured his hands and prevented him from touring in Moscow, but in turn permitted him to enjoy contemporary Russian music. After his hands healed, he made a new attempt at touring in the United States, and this time he was received very warmly, propped up by his recent success in Europe. This, in turn, propelled him to commence a major tour through Europe.

In the early 1930s, Prokofiev was starting to long for Russia again; he moved more and more of his premieres and commissions to his home country instead of Paris. One such was Lieutenant Kije, which was commissioned as the score to a Russian film. Another commission, from the Kirov Theater in Leningrad, was the ballet Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet (Op 64 (Ромео и Джульетта is a Ballet by Sergei Prokofiev based on William Shakespeare 's play Romeo Today, this is one of Prokofiev's best-known works, and it contains some of the most inspired and poignant passages in his whole output. However, there were numerous choreographic problems, and the premiere was postponed for several years.

Prokofiev was soloist with the London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Piero Coppola, in the first recording of his third piano concerto, recorded in London by His Master's Voice in June 1932. The London Symphony Orchestra ( LSO) is one of the major orchestras of the United Kingdom. Piero Coppola (born October 11 1888 in Milan, died March 17 1971 in Lausanne, Switzerland) was an Italian His Master's Voice, today usually abbreviated to HMV, is a famous Trademark in the music business and for many years was the name of a large record label The recording has exceptionally clear sound and Prokofiev's own virtuosic performance remains very impressive. Prokofiev also recorded some of his solo piano music for HMV in Paris in February 1935; these recordings were issued on CD by Pearl and Naxos. A pearl is a hard roundish object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled Mollusk. [10] In 1938, he conducted the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra in a recording of the second suite from his Romeo and Juliet ballet; this performance was also later released on LP and CD. The Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra is an Orchestra based in Moscow, Russia. Another reported recording with Prokofiev and the Moscow Philharmonic was of the Prokofiev First Violin Concerto with David Oistrakh as soloist; Everest Records later released this recording on a LP, along with a performance of Khachaturian's violin concerto with that composer conducting the Philharmonic with much inferior sound compared to the EMI recording with Khachaturian and Oistrakh. Sergei Prokofiev began his Violin Concerto No 1 in D major opus 19 as a concertino in 1915 but soon abandoned it to work on his Opera The Gambler David Fyodorovich Oistrakh (Russian Давид Фёдорович Ойстрах) David Fiodorovič Ojstrah; &ndash October 24, 1974 Everest Records was a stereophonic Record label based in Bayside Long Island started by Harry D Aram Khachaturian ( Armenian: Արամ Խաչատրյան Aram Xačatryan; Russian: Аpaм Ильич Xaчaтypян Aram Il'ič Hačaturjan [11]

Return to Soviet Union

In 1935, Prokofiev moved back to the Soviet Union permanently, but his family came a year after him. At this time, the official Soviet policy towards music changed; a special bureau, the "Composers' Union", was established in order to keep track of the artists and their doings. By limiting outside influences, these policies would gradually cause almost complete isolation of Soviet composers from the rest of the world. Willing to adapt to the new circumstances (whatever misgivings he had about them in private), Prokofiev wrote a series of "mass songs" (Opp. 66, 79, 89), using the lyrics of officially approved Soviet poets, and also the oratorio "Zdravnitsa" (Hail to Stalin) (Op. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party 85), which secured his position as a Soviet composer and put an end to persecution. At the same time Prokofiev also composed music for children (Three Songs for Children, Peter and the Wolf, and so on) as well as the gigantic Cantata for the Twentieth Anniversary of the October Revolution, which was, however, never performed. Peter and the Wolf is a composition by Sergei Prokofiev written in 1936 after his return to the Soviet Union. The première of the opera Semyon Kotko was postponed because the producer Vsevolod Meyerhold was imprisoned and executed. Semyon Kotko ( Семён Котко in Russian is an Opera in five acts by Sergei Prokofiev (Op Vsevolod Emilevich Meyerhold (Всеволод Эмильевич Мейерхольд born Karl Kasimir Theodor Meyerhold ( &mdash 2 February 1940 ? was a

In 1938, Prokofiev collaborated with the great Russian filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein on the historical epic Alexander Nevsky. Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (Сергей Михайлович Эйзенштейн January 23, 1898 &ndash February 11, 1948) was Alexander Nevsky (Александр Невский is a Historical drama film directed by Sergei Eisenstein and Dmitry Vasiliev and produced For this he composed some of his most inventive dramatic music. Although the film had very poor sound recording, Prokofiev adapted much of his score into a cantata, which has been extensively performed and recorded.

In 1941, Prokofiev suffered the first of several heart attacks, resulting in a gradual decline in health. Because of the war, he was periodically evacuated to the south together with a large number of other artists. This had consequences for his family life in Moscow, and his relationship with the 25-year-old Mira Mendelson (1915-1968) finally led to his separation from his wife Lina, although they remained married with no talk of divorce. It should be mentioned that marriage with foreigners had been made illegal, although the USSR had recognized their marriage by granting them both apartments when they returned.

The outbreak of war inspired Prokofiev to a new opera project, War and Peace, which he worked on for two years, along with more film music for Sergei Eisenstein (Ivan the Terrible) and the second string quartet. War and Peace ( Op 91) ( Война и мир in Russian, Voyna i mir in Transliteration) is an Opera in two Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (Сергей Михайлович Эйзенштейн January 23, 1898 &ndash February 11, 1948) was Ivan the Terrible was music written by Sergei Prokofiev to the film directed by Eisenstein. However, the Soviet government had opinions about the opera which resulted in numerous revisions and no première. In 1944, Prokofiev moved to an estate outside of Moscow, to compose his Fifth Symphony (Op. Sergei Prokofiev wrote his Symphony No 5 in B-flat major (Op 100 in 1944 100) which would turn out to be the most popular of all his symphonies, both within Russia and abroad. Shortly afterwards, he suffered a concussion after a fall. From this injury he never really recovered, and it severely lowered his productivity rate in later years, though some of his last pieces were as fine as anything he had composed before.

Prokofiev had time to write his postwar Sixth Symphony and a ninth piano sonata (for Sviatoslav Richter) before the Party suddenly changed its opinion about his music. Sergei Prokofiev wrote his Symphony No 6 in E-flat minor (Op 111 in 1947 Sviatoslav Teofilovich Richter (Святосла́в Теофи́лович Рихтер Svjatoslav Teofilovič Rikhter) ( &ndash August 1, 1997) was The end of the war allowed attention to be turned inwards again and the Party tightened its reins on domestic artists. Prokofiev's music was now seen as a grave example of formalism, and dangerous to the Soviet people. Russian formalism was an influential school of literary criticism in Russia from the 1910s to the 1930s

On February 20, 1948, Prokofiev's wife Lina was arrested for 'espionage', as she tried to send money to her mother in Catalonia. Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. She was sentenced to 20 years, but was eventually released after Stalin's death and later left the Soviet Union. This was the same year that Prokofiev left his family for Mira.

His latest opera projects were quickly cancelled by the Kirov Theatre. This snub, in combination with his declining health, caused Prokofiev to withdraw more and more from active musical life. His doctors ordered him to limit his activities, which resulted in him spending only an hour or two each day on composition. The last public performance of his lifetime was the première of the Seventh Symphony in 1952, a piece of somewhat bittersweet character, for which Prokofiev was asked to substitute a cheerful ending, because the music was written for a children's television program. Sergei Prokofiev 's Symphony No 7 in C-sharp minor, Op131 was completed in 1952, the year before his death

Igor Stravinsky characterized him as the greatest Russian composer of his day, other than Stravinsky himself. Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to [12]

A Soviet stamp marking Prokofiev's centenary in 1991
A Soviet stamp marking Prokofiev's centenary in 1991

Prokofiev died at the age of 61 on 5 March 1953: the same day as Stalin. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He had lived near Red Square, and for three days the throngs gathered to mourn Stalin making it impossible to carry Prokofiev's body out for the funeral service at the headquarters of the Soviet Composer's Union. Red Square ( Красная площадь, Krasnaya ploshchad) is the most famous City square in Moscow, and arguably one of the most Paper flowers and a taped recording of the funeral march from Romeo and Juliet had to be used, as all real flowers and musicians were reserved for Stalin's funeral. He is buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. Novodevichy Cemetery (Новоде́вичье кла́дбище Novodevichye kladbishche is the most famous cemetery in Moscow, Russia, situated next to the The leading Soviet musical periodical reported Prokofiev's death as a brief item on page 116. The first 115 pages were devoted to the death of Stalin. Usually Prokofiev's death is attributed to cerebral haemorrhage (bleeding into the brain). A cerebral hemorrhage (or intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH) is a subtype of Intracranial hemorrhage that occurs within the Brain tissue itself Nevertheless it is known that he was persistently ill for eight years before he died, and was plagued during that length of time by headaches, nausea and dizziness[13], the precise nature of Prokofiev's terminal illness is uncertain. A headache ( cephalalgia in medical terminology is a condition of pain in the Head; sometimes Neck or upper back pain may also be interpreted Nausea ( Latin: Nausea, Greek:, " Sea-sickness " also called wamble) is the sensation of unease and discomfort Many different terms are often used to describe what is collectively known as dizziness.

Lina Prokofieva outlived her estranged husband by many years, dying in London in early 1989. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Royalties from her late husband's music provided her a modest income. Their sons Sviatoslav (born 1924), an architect, and Oleg (1928-1998), an artist, painter, sculptor and poet, have dedicated a large part of their lives to the promotion of their father's life and work. [14] [15]

Works

Main article: List of compositions by Sergei Prokofiev

Important works include (in chronological order):

Bibliography

Autobiography and diaries

His autobiography was published in English as Prokofiev: Autobiography, Articles, Reminiscences ISBN 0898751497

The first volume of Prokofiev's diaries was translated into English by Anthony Phillips and published by Faber and Faber in 2006. [16]

Biographers

Music Analyses

References

Notes

  1. ^ answers. com
  2. ^ While Prokofiev himself believed 23 April to be his birth date, the posthumous discovery of his birth certificate showed that he was actually born four days later, on 27 April. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated (Slonimsky, p. 793)
  3. ^ "He was a child prodigy on the order of Mozart, composing for piano at age five and writing an opera at nine. " [1]
  4. ^ Paul Shoemaker. Serge Prokofiev.
  5. ^ Prokofiev, Sergey, article in Encyclopedia Britannica
  6. ^ Alexander Glazunov (1865 - 1936).
  7. ^ Layton, Robert: "Prokofiev's Demonic Opera" Found in the introductory notes to the Philips Label recording of The Fiery Angel
  8. ^ As detailed in Prokofiev's autobiography. Listen to Discovering Music from 1:00 to 3:02, particularly from 1:45 to 2:39
  9. ^ Prokofiev, Sergei [1960] (2000). in S. Shlifstein: Sergei Prokofiev: Autobiography, Articles, Reminiscences, Rose Prokofieva (translator), The Minerva Group, Inc. , 50. ISBN 0898751497.  
  10. ^ Pearl Records, Naxos Records, amazon. com
  11. ^ Everest Records, EMI
  12. ^ Martin Kettle. Everest Records was a stereophonic Record label based in Bayside Long Island started by Harry D The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in First among equals. The Guardian. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Retrieved on 2006-10-21. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg.
  13. ^ The tragedy of Sergei Prokofiev. [Semin Neurol. 1999] - PubMed Result
  14. ^ 'My father was naïve' - Telegraph
  15. ^ Obituary: Oleg Prokofiev | Independent, The (London) | Find Articles at BNET.com
  16. ^ "Sergey Prokofiev Diaries 1907 - 1914", Faber & Faber. Accessed June 16, 2007. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

External links

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