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For Wikipedia's meaning of separatism, see m:Separatism.
"Separatists" redirects here. For other uses, see Separatists (disambiguation).

Separatism refers to the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial or gender separation from the larger group, often with demands for greater political autonomy and even for full political secession and the formation of a new state. An autonomous area is an area of a Country that has a degree of Autonomy, or freedom from an external authority Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio is the act of withdrawing from an organization union or especially a political entity A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. [1] Depending on their political situation and views, groups may refer to their organizing as independence, self-determination, partition or decolonization movements instead of, or in addition to, autonomy, separatist or secession movements. Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising Self-determination is defined as free choice of one’s own acts without external compulsion and especially as the freedom of the people of a given Territory to determine their Decolonization refers to the undoing of Colonialism, the establishment of governance or authority through the creation of settlements by another country or jurisdiction While some critics may equate separatism and religious segregation, racial segregation or sexual segregation, separatists argue that separation by choice is not the same as government enforced segregation and serves useful purposes. Religious segregation is the separation of people according to their Religion. Sex segregation is the separation of people according to their Gender. [2][3][4][5][6]

Contents

Motivations for separatism

Groups may have one or more motivations for separation, including:

Governmental responses

How far separatist demands will go toward full independence, and whether groups pursue constitutional and nonviolent or armed violence, depend on a variety of economic, political and social factors, including movement leadership[8] and the government’s response. [9] Governments may respond in a number of ways, some of which are mutually exclusive. These may have little effect, satisfy separatist demands or even increase them.

Types of separatist groups

Separatist groups practice a form of identity politics - “political activity and theorizing founded in the shared experiences of injustice of members of certain social groups. Identity politics is Political action to advance the interests of members of a group whose members are oppressed by virtue of a shared and marginalized Identity (such ” Such groups believe attempts at integration with dominant groups compromise their identity and ability to pursue greater self-determination. [11] However, economic and political factors usually are critical in creating strong separatist movements from less active identity movements. [9]

See more complete lists of historical and active autonomist and secessionist movements, as well as a list of unrecognized countries. This is a list of historical autonomist and Secessionist movements around the world This is a list of currently active autonomist and Secessionist movements around the world ||}These lists of unrecognized or partially recognized countries give an overview of contemporary geopolitical entities that wish to be recognized as Sovereign

Religious

Religious groups and sects believe they should interact primarily with co-religionists. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos

Ethnic

Ethnic separatism is based more on cultural and linguistic differences than religious or racial differences, which also may exist. The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets Notable ethnic separatist movements include:

Racial

Some groups seek to separate from others along racialist lines. Racialism is an emphasis on race or racial considerations Racialism entails a belief in the existence and significance of racial categories but not necessarily in a They oppose inter-marriage with other races and seek separate schools, businesses, churches and other institutions or even separate societies, territories and governments.

Gender

Separatist feminism is women’s choosing to separate from male-defined, male-dominated institutions, relationships, roles and activities. Separatist feminism is a form of Feminism that does not support Heterosexual relationships due to a belief that sexual disparities between Men [25] Lesbian separatism advocates lesbianism as the logical result of feminism. Separatist feminism is a form of Feminism that does not support Heterosexual relationships due to a belief that sexual disparities between Men A lesbian is a Woman who is romantically or sexually attracted only to other women Some separatist feminists and lesbian separatists have chosen to live apart in intentional community, cooperatives and on land trusts. An intentional community is a planned Residential community designed to have a much higher degree of Teamwork than other communities A land trust is an agreement whereby one party (the trustee agrees to hold ownership of a piece of real property for the benefit of another party (the beneficiary [26]

References

  1. ^ Free Dictionary; Merriam Webster dictionary; The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English 2008.
  2. ^ John Leo, “Let the Segregation Commence, Separatist graduations proliferate at UCLA”, City Journal (New York), June 13, 2007
  3. ^ Nancy Levit, Embracing Segregation: The Jurisprudence of Choice and Diversity in Race and Sex Separatism in Schools (PDF), University of Illinois Law Review, August 29, 2005, 455. City Journal is a Quarterly Magazine, published by the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, a free market think tank based out of New York This article is about the flagship campus For other uses and locations of University of Illinois, see University of Illinois (disambiguation The University of
  4. ^ Karen W. Arenson, CUNY Program to Help Black Men Is Called Discriminatory, New York Times, April 19, 2006.
  5. ^ Betty A. Dobratz, Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile, Strategy of White Separatism, Journal of Political and Military Sociology, Summer 2006.
  6. ^ Nancy B. Howell, Radical Relatedness and Feminist Separatism.
  7. ^ Metta Spencer, Separatism: Democracy and Disintegration, Rowan & Littlefield, 1998, 4,5.
  8. ^ Link to: Chima, Jugdep. "Effects of Political Leadership on Ethnic Separatist Movements in India" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Palmer House Hotel, Chicago, IL, Apr 12, 2007 (PDF); Chima, Jugdep. "How Does Political Leadership Affect the Trajectories of Ethnic Separatist Insurgencies?: Comparative Evidence from Movements in India" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC, Sep 01, 2005 (PDF).
  9. ^ a b See D. L. Horowitz's “Patterns of Ethnic Separatism,” originally published in Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1981, vol 23, 165-95. Republished in John A. Hall, The State: Critical Concepts, Routledge, 1994.
  10. ^ Metta Spencer, 5-6.
  11. ^ Identity Politics, Stanford University Encyclopedia of Philosophy, November 2, 2007. Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University or simply Stanford, is a private Research university located in
  12. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica on religious separatists.
  13. ^ Patrick Hennessy and Melissa Kite, Poll reveals 40pc of Muslims want sharia law in UK, The Daily Telegraph, February 20, 2006. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia.
  14. ^ Indonesian deputy steps into Moluccas row, BBC, May 13, 2002.
  15. ^ Saberi Roy, An Analysis of Conflicts Around The World, June 1, 2007.
  16. ^ African Ethnicities University of Florida online library. The University of Florida ( Florida or UF) is a public land-grant, sea-grant, space-grant major Research
  17. ^ Excerpt from book Ethnic Conflicts in Africa, Okwudiba Nnoli, Distributed by African Books Collective, 1998, 417, University of Florida online library.
  18. ^ Emmy Godwin Irobi, Ethnic Conflict Management in Africa: A Comparative Case Study of Nigeria and South Africa, May, 2005, Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder. The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University
  19. ^ S. D. Muini, Ethnic conflict, federalism, and democracy in India, Chapter 10 of Ethnicity and power in the contemporary world, Edited by Kumar Rupesinghe and Valery A. Tishkov, United Nations University Press, 1996.
  20. ^ Reviews of Katharine Adeney Federalism and Ethnic Conflict Regulation in India and Pakistan, Palgrame MacMillan, 2007.
  21. ^ Ethnic Boundaries, China, Country Studies program of United States Library of Congress. The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress
  22. ^ Franklin Foer, Racial Integration, Slate Magazine, November 23, 1997. Slate is an English-language online current affairs and culture Magazine created in 1996 by former New Republic editor Michael
  23. ^ Rich Barlow, Topic turns to Wright case, Boston Globe, April 26, 2008. The Boston Globe (and Boston Sunday Globe) is the most widely circulated daily Newspaper in Boston and in New England,
  24. ^ Betty A. Dobratz, Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile, The White Separatist Movement in the United States: "White Power, White Pride!", The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000, 1-3, 10. The Johns Hopkins University Press is a Publishing house and division of Johns Hopkins University that engages in publishing journals and books
  25. ^ Marilyn Frye, "Some Reflections on Separatism and Power" in Feminist Social Thought: A Reader, Diana Tietjens Meyers (ed. ) Routledge, 1997, 406-414.
  26. ^ Joyce Cheney, Lesbian Land, Word Weavers Press, 1976.

See also

External Links

Dictionary

separatism

-noun

  1. A theory or doctrine which supports a state of separation between organizations, institutions, or other societal groups (e.g. between church and state) or between different political jurisdictions (e.g. a country and its former colony).
  2. The practice of treating members of different societal groups in a politically, legally, or economically different manner.
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