Different flags of territories of the former Crown of Aragon are based upon the Senyera. The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. Proportions 2:3

The Senyera (roughly meaning "signal flag" in Catalan) is a vexillological symbol based on the coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon, which consists of four red stripes on a golden background. Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official The design and description of Flags typically uses specialised flag terminology' with precise and technical meanings and is hence a form of Jargon. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. This coat of arms, often called bars of Aragon, historically represented the king of the Crown of Aragon; today it has been adopted as flag by 4 spanish autonomous communities: without any change for Catalonia, and, with some variations, for Aragon, the Balearic Islands and Valencia. The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution. Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. Aragon ( Spanish: "Aragón") is an autonomous community of Spain. The Balearic Islands ( Catalan and official Illes Balears; Spanish: Islas Baleares) are an Archipelago in the western Mediterranean The Valencian Community ( Valencian and official Comunitat Valenciana; Comunidad Valenciana is an Autonomous community located in central to

Three former Crown of Aragon kingdoms, i. e. , and now Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon, the Balearic Islands and Valencia have adopted as their flag different variations from the Senyera which, in the Valencian Senyera Coronada case, originated back in medieval times; also the now French Rousillon uses a flag nowadays based on the Senyera. Aragon ( Spanish: "Aragón") is an autonomous community of Spain. The Balearic Islands ( Catalan and official Illes Balears; Spanish: Islas Baleares) are an Archipelago in the western Mediterranean The Valencian Community ( Valencian and official Comunitat Valenciana; Comunidad Valenciana is an Autonomous community located in central to The Christian Kingdom of Valencia, located in the Eastern shore of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon. Roussillon ( French: Roussillon, ʀusiˈjɔ̃ Catalan: Rosselló, pronounced; Spanish: Rosellón, pronounced) is Dozens of municipalities belonging to these territories base their local flags on the Senyera as well.

It is also a synonym (in Catalan Senyal Reial or Senyera and old Spanish Senyal Real or Señera) for Royal Flag , although the word normally refers to the Catalan and Aragonese flags. This article deals with the general meaning of the term "synonym" Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official Also in Aragonese, it is usually referred to as O Siñal d'Aragón, i. e. "The Sign of Aragón".

Origin and History

King Alfons the Chaste riding a horse caparisoned in his familiar arms. Alfonso II (Aragon or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona ( Huesca, 1157 &ndash Perpignan, 1196 called the Chaste or the Troubadour From a 13th-century chansonnier. A chansonnier (cançoner cançonièr Galician and cancioneiro canzoniere or canzoniéro cancionero is a Manuscript or printed book which contains a Document 854, folio 108r at Bibliothèque nationale de France.

The Senyera is one of the oldest flags in Europe to be used in present day, but not in continuous use since its creation. A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification The Aragonese Encyclopedia states that its first material undisputed evidence dates back to a royal seal of Alfonso II of Aragon, from 1159. Alfonso II (Aragon or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona ( Huesca, 1157 &ndash Perpignan, 1196 called the Chaste or the Troubadour

The Aragonese Encyclopedia also states that there are claims of older appereances on seals of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, from 1150, but that there are so many doubts about it that it's universally considered as proof of nothing^[1]. Ramon Berenguer IV Count of Barcelona also called Ramon the Holy (c

Furthermore, the Pennon of the Conquest of Valencia, Spain is documented as the world's oldest extant flag, dating from 1238, even though the yellow part was originally white, but the red stripes design was the same. The Pennon of the Conquest (Pendón de la Conquista Valencian: Penó de la Conquesta) is the flag raised by the Moors of Valencia Spain Valencia ( Valencian: València, Valencia Spanish phonology --> is the capital of the Spanish autonomous

According to a 14th century legend, the flag dates back from the 9th century, when the four red bars were drawn, as an act of gratitude, on Wilfred I the Hairy's (Count of Barcelona) golden shield by king Charles the Bald's fingers drenched with blood from the Count's war wounds prior to Wilfred's death in 897 during the siege of Barcelona by Lobo ibn Mohammed, the moor governor of Lleida. A legend ( Latin, legenda, "things to be read" is a Narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Wilfred or Wifred, called the Hairy, was Count of Urgell (870&ndash897 Cerdanya (870&ndash897 Barcelona (878&ndash897 The Count of Barcelona was the major ruler in Catalonia from the 9th until the 17th century Charles the Bald ( 13 June 823 – 6 October 877) Holy Roman Emperor (875–877 as Charles II) and King of West Francia Events By place Asia Emperor Uda of Japan is succeeded by Emperor Daigo. Lleida (Standard Central Catalan ˈʎejðə or North-Western Catalan; Spanish Lérida, though officially referred as Lleida Romantic-driven Catalan nationalists were particularly keen on this legend during the Renaixença, in the 19th century; nowadays nationalists acknowledge the apocryphal character of this story (if only because Charles the Bald had died 20 years earlier, in 877). Romantic nationalism (also National Romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of Nationalism in which the state derives The Renaixença (rənəˈʃɛnsə was an early 19th century late romantic revivalist movement in Catalan language and culture akin to the This legend would relate the emblem unambiguosly to the Counts of Barcelona title^[1].

There are several theories advocating either a purely catalan or a purely aragonese origin for the symbol, but none has been proved. Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. Aragon ( Spanish: "Aragón") is an autonomous community of Spain.

The Enciclopedia Aragonesa states that all elucubrations about a "catalan" origin must be discarded, since, in terms of historical and historiografic correction, nothing can be accepted other than the concept of "barcelonés", and understanding that as alusive to the Contal House of Barcelona^[1].

The Government of Catalonia states about its oficial symbols that it may derive from 11th century or 12th century pre-heraldic symbols and the County of Barcelona's coat of arms: in which the yellow and red bars were vertical while in the flag, horizontal^[2]. The Count of Barcelona was the major ruler in Catalonia from the 9th until the 17th century The dynastyc coat of arms became also the one for the lands ruled by the counts. So, it is present in the flags and shields of the territories that once were part of the Crown of Aragon and also in the arms of Andorra and Sicily among others. The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra ( Catalan: Principat d'Andorra) is a small Landlocked country in western Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy.

Papal States flag prior to 1808

Other version is that the Kingdom of Aragon used and adopted the colours of the Papal States in their own coat of arms as a public and notorious submission to the Pope, something which the County of Barcelona would have followed shortly after according to this version. The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Kingdom of Aragon was an old kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon ( The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The colours for the city of Rome, which in those times was controlled by the Pope were the same. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and This ancient flag can still be located on top of the Capitoline Hill in Rome, near the Roman Forum. The Capitoline Hill, between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the seven hills of Rome. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 This page refers to the main forum in the center of Rome See Imperial forums or Other forums in Rome (below for other forums in Rome and While the Papal States changed its colours in 1808 to present yellow and white, the City of Rome sticks to them to this day. Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2

The plain version of this flag was mainly used in early XX century by Catalan nationalists. Catalan Nationalism, or Catalanism (from Catalanisme in Catalan) is a political movement advocating for either further political Later, it was used as official flag of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia during the Second Spanish Republic and since the Spanish transition to democracy. The Second Spanish Republic was the system of government in Spain between April 14 1931, when King Alfonso XIII left the country The Spanish transition to democracy was the era when Spain moved from the Dictatorship of Francisco Franco to a liberal democratic state. In its plain version, it is also used in the French Département of Pyrénées-Orientales, part of the former Crown of Aragon. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Pyrénées-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees Pirineus Orientals Pirenèus Orientals is a department of southern France adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. It is also used as the flag of Provence, a distinct region with historic ties to Aragon. Provence ( Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm is a region of southeastern France

The blazon of this standard version is Or, four bars Gules. In Heraldry and heraldic Vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of most often a Coat of arms or Flag, which enables a person to

Variations

There are a few variations in the official flags of other territories. For instance, in Aragon an extra coat-of-arms, in Balearic Islands a castle in the canton, and in Valencia a blue crowned fringe on the hoist. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. Canton is a charge placed in the Upper dexter corner It is classed by some heraldic writers as one of the Honorable ordinaries; but strictly speaking

Territorial Flags

Aragon	Balearic Islands	Barcelona	Catalonia
Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur	Rousillon	Senyera Coronada from Valencia city and Valencian Community

Historical Flags

Crown of Aragon flag

The Pennon of the Conquest of Valencia. Aragon ( Spanish: "Aragón") is an autonomous community of Spain. The Balearic Islands ( Catalan and official Illes Balears; Spanish: Islas Baleares) are an Archipelago in the western Mediterranean Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA ( Provençal Occitan: Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur in classical norm or Prouvènço-Aup-Costo d'Azur in Mistralian Roussillon ( French: Roussillon, ʀusiˈjɔ̃ Catalan: Rosselló, pronounced; Spanish: Rosellón, pronounced) is Valencia ( Valencian: València, Valencia Spanish phonology --> is the capital of the Spanish autonomous The Valencian Community ( Valencian and official Comunitat Valenciana; Comunidad Valenciana is an Autonomous community located in central to The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. The Pennon of the Conquest (Pendón de la Conquista Valencian: Penó de la Conquesta) is the flag raised by the Moors of Valencia Spain

interim Valencian Community (1979-1980)

Political Flags

Estrelada aragonesa (Aragonese nationalism flag)	Catalan Independentist blue estelada. The Valencian Community ( Valencian and official Comunitat Valenciana; Comunidad Valenciana is an Autonomous community located in central to Catalan independentism is a Political movement which supports the independence of Catalonia from Spain and France, this is usually The estelada (full name Senyera estelada, from estel, "star" in Catalan) is an unofficial Flag.	Catalan Socialist Independentist red estelada. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Catalan independentism is a Political movement which supports the independence of Catalonia from Spain and France, this is usually The estelada (full name Senyera estelada, from estel, "star" in Catalan) is an unofficial Flag.	Valencian nationalism estrelada. The estelada (full name Senyera estelada, from estel, "star" in Catalan) is an unofficial Flag.
Sicilian Independentist Movement flag

See also

• Coat of arms of Catalonia
• Estelada
• Flag of Spain
• Flag of Valencia
• Pennon of the Conquest

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Palos de Aragón. The Sicilian Independentist Movement ( Movimento Indipendentista Siciliano, MIS was a separatist Italian political party active in Sicily in The Coat of arms of Catalonia is based on four red pallets on gold background which have been used since the Middle Ages on several coats of arms The estelada (full name Senyera estelada, from estel, "star" in Catalan) is an unofficial Flag. The Pennon of the Conquest (Pendón de la Conquista Valencian: Penó de la Conquesta) is the flag raised by the Moors of Valencia Spain Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa (2003). Retrieved on 2008-04-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to
2. ^ Los símbolos nacionales Page of Governtment of Catalonia

External links

• Origins of the Aragonese-Catalan Flag at Flags of the World
• Senyera History