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"Sengoku" and "Sengoku era" redirect here. For other uses, see Sengoku (disambiguation).

History of Japan
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The Warring States period (戦国時代 sengoku jidai?) was a time of social upheaval, political intrigue, and nearly constant military conflict in Japan that lasted roughly from the middle of the 15th century to the beginning of the 17th century. The written history of Japan begins with brief references in the 1st century AD Twenty-Four Histories, a collection of Chinese historical texts The covers the period from around 100000 to 30000 BC when the earliest Stone tool implements have been found to around 14000 BC at the end of the last Ice-age, which corresponds The is the time in Japanese prehistory from about 14000 BC to 400 BC. The is an era in the history of Japan from about 500 BC to 300 AD. The is an era in the History of Japan from around 250 to 538 The word kofun is Japanese for the type of burial mounds dating from this era The, was a period in the History of Japan lasting from 538 to 710 (or 592-645 although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The of the History of Japan covers the years from AD 710 to 794. The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura Shogunate, officially established in 1192 by the first Kamakura Shogun The was a period of Japanese history that occurred from 1333 to 1336. The Muromachi period ( Japanese: 室町時代 Muromachi-jidai, also known as the Muromachi era, the Muromachi bakufu, the Ashikaga era The, spanning from 1336 to 1392, was a period that occurred during the early years of the Muromachi period of Japan 's history The came at the end of the Warring States Period in Japan, when the political unification that preceded the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate took place The Nanban trade ( Japanese: 南蛮貿易 nanban-bōeki, "Southern barbarian trade" or the Nanban trade period ( Japanese: 南蛮貿易時代 The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 are the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate came to an end The, or Meiji era, denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running in the Gregorian calendar, from 23 October 1868 to 30 July The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure The, or Taishō era, is a period in the History of Japan dating from July 30, 1912 to December 25, 1926, coinciding with the reign Japan participated in from 1914 to 1917 as one of the major Entente Powers, played an important role in securing the sea lanes in South Pacific The, or Shōwa era, is the period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Shōwa ( Hirohito) from December 25, 1926 to refers to the Ideology in the Empire of Japan that Militarism should dominate the political and social life of the nation and that the strength of the military is At the end of World War II, Japan was occupied by the Allied Powers, led by the United States with contributions also from Australia, British Following the end of the Allied occupation in 1952 Japan emerged as a global Economic power is the current era name in Japan. The Heisei era started on January 8, 1989, just one day after the death of the reigning Emperor Hirohito The economic history of Japan is one of the most studied for its spectacular growth after the Meiji Revolution to be the first non European Power and after the Second World War The history of Education in Japan dates back at least to the sixth century when Chinese learning was introduced at the Yamato court The military history of Japan is characterised by a long period of Feudal Wars, followed by domestic stability and then foreign conquest The naval history of Japan can be said to begin in early interactions with states on the Asian continent in the early centuries of the 1st millennium, reaching a pre-modern peak This is the glossary of Japanese history including the major terms titles and events the casual (or brand-new reader might find useful in understanding articles on the subject For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.

Although the Ashikaga shogunate had retained the structure of the Kamakura bakufu and instituted a warrior government based on the same social economic rights and obligations established by the Hōjō with the Jōei Code in 1232, it failed to win the loyalty of many daimyo, especially those whose domains were far from Kyoto. was a feudal military dictatorship ruled by the Shoguns of the Ashikaga family The Kamakura shogunate ( Japanese: 鎌倉幕府 Kamakura bakufu) was a feudal military dictatorship in Japan headed by the Shoguns from See the Late Hōjō clan for the Hōjō clan of the Sengoku Period. The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. As trade with China grew, the economy developed, and the use of money became widespread as markets and commercial cities appeared. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National This, combined with developments in agriculture and small-scale trading, led to the desire for greater local autonomy throughout all levels of the social hierarchy. As early as the beginning of the 15th century, suffering and misery caused by natural disasters such as earthquakes and famines often served to trigger armed uprisings by farmers weary of debt and taxes. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer A famine is a widespread shortage of food that may apply to any Faunal species which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional Malnutrition, Starvation The Sengoku period consisted of different periods of fission and fusion.

The Ōnin War (1467–1477), a conflict rooted in economic distress and brought on by a dispute over shogunal succession, is generally regarded as the onset of the Sengoku-jidai. The was a civil war from 1467 to 1477 during the Muromachi period in Japan. The "eastern" army of the Hosokawa family and its allies clashed with the "western" army of the Yamana, and fighting in and around Kyoto lasted for nearly 11 years, after which it spread to outlying provinces. The was a Japanese samurai clan, descended from Emperor Seiwa (850-880 and a branch of the Minamoto clan, by the Ashikaga clan. The was a Japanese samurai clan which was one of the most powerful of the Muromachi period (1336-1467 at its peak members of the family held the position of Constable (

Contents

Gekokujō

The upheaval resulted in the further weakening of central authority, and throughout Japan, regional lords, or daimyo, rose to fill the vacuum. In the course of this power shift, well established clans such as the Takeda and the Imagawa, who had ruled under the authority of both the Kamakura and Muromachi bakufu, were able to expand their spheres of influence. ( December 1, 1521 &ndash May 13, 1573) of Shinano and Kai Provinces was a preeminent Daimyo or feudal lord was one of the leading Daimyo (feudal lords in early Sengoku period Japan There were many, however, whose positions eroded and were eventually usurped by more capable underlings. This phenomenon of social meritocracy, in which capable subordinates rejected the status quo and forcefully overthrew an emaciated aristocracy, became known as gekokujō (下克上), which literally means "the underling conquers the overlord. 　is a Japanese term variously translated as the lower rules the higher or the low overcomes the high. " One of the earliest instances of this phenomenon was Hōjō Sōun, who rose from relatively humble origins and eventually seized power in Izu province in 1493. was the first head of the Late Hōjō clan, one of the major powers in Japan's Sengoku period. Building on the accomplishments of Sōun, the Hōjō clan remained a major power in the Kantō region until its subjugation by Toyotomi Hideyoshi late in the Sengoku period. Other notable examples include the supplanting of the Hosokawa by the Miyoshi, the Shiba by the Oda, and the Toki by the Saito. The Miyoshi clan (三好氏 -shi) is a Japanese family descended from Emperor Seiwa (850-880 and the Minamoto clan (Seiwa-Genji The was a powerful clan that ruled in Japan from the Kamakura period to the Edo period. The was a Japanese clan in Mino Province (present-day Gifu Prefecture) during the Sengoku period in the 16th century

Well organized religious groups also gained political power at this time by uniting farmers in resistance and rebellion against the rule of the daimyo. The monks of the Buddhist True Pure Land sect formed numerous Ikkō-ikki, the most successful of which, in Kaga Province remained independent for nearly 100 years. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices also known as Shin Buddhism is a school of Pure Land Buddhism. The Japanese, literally "single-minded leagues" were mobs of peasant farmers monks Shinto priests and local nobles, who rose up against Samurai rule was an old province in the area that is today the southern part of Ishikawa Prefecture.

Unification

Main article: Azuchi-Momoyama period
Battle of Kawanakajima in 1561
Battle of Kawanakajima in 1561

After nearly a century and a half of political instability and warfare, Japan was on the verge of unification by Oda Nobunaga, who had emerged from obscurity in the province of Owari (present-day Aichi Prefecture) to dominate central Japan, when in 1582 Nobunaga himself fell victim to the treachery of one of his own generals, Akechi Mitsuhide. The came at the end of the Warring States Period in Japan, when the political unification that preceded the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate took place ( June 23, 1534 &ndash June 21, 1582) was a major Daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history was an old province of Japan that is now the western half of present day Aichi Prefecture. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region. nicknamed Jūbei or, was a Samurai who lived during the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. This in turn provided Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who had risen through the ranks from ashigaru (footsoldier) to become one of Nobunaga's most trusted generals, with the opportunity to establish himself as Nobunaga's successor. Hideyoshi eventually consolidated his control over the remaining daimyo, and although he was ineligible for the title of Seii Taishogun because of his common birth, ruled as Kampaku. is a military rank and historical title in Japan. The Japanese word for "general" it is made up of two Kanji words sho, meaning "commander" In Japan, Sesshō (摂政 was a title given to a Regent who was named to assist either a child emperor before his Coming of age, or an

When, in 1598, Hideyoshi died without leaving a capable successor, the country was once again thrust into political turmoil, and this time it was Tokugawa Ieyasu who took advantage of the opportunity.  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate

Hideyoshi had on his deathbed appointed a group of the most powerful lords in Japan — Tokugawa, Maeda, Ukita, Uesugi, Mōri — to govern as the Council of Five Regents until his infant son, Hideyori, came of age. The council of five elders, also known as the five Tairō (五大老 go-tairō) was formed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi to rule Japan in the place of his An uneasy peace lasted until the death of Maeda Toshiie in 1599. Thereafter, Ishida Mitsunari accused Ieyasu of disloyalty to the Toyotomi name, precipitating a crisis that led to the Battle of Sekigahara. Background and pretext Even though Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified Japan and consolidated his power following the Siege of Odawara in 1590 his ill-fated Generally regarded as the last major conflict of the sengoku-jidai, Ieyasu's victory at Sekigahara marked the end of the Toyotomi reign. Three years later, Ieyasu received the title Seii Taishogun, and established Japan's final shogunate, which lasted until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure

Notable people

Japan in the late 16th century
Japan in the late 16th century

Famous Sengoku Daimyo

The contrasting personalities of the three leaders who contributed the most to Japan's final unification—Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Ieyasu—are encapsulated in a series of three well known senryu:

Nobunaga, known for his ruthlessness, is the subject of the first; Hideyoshi, known for his resourcefulness, is the subject of the second; and Ieyasu, known for his perseverance, is the subject of the third verse.

Other notable daimyos include:

Bronze statue representing Takeda Shingen (left) and Uesugi Kenshin (right). Nagano, Japan
Bronze statue representing Takeda Shingen (left) and Uesugi Kenshin (right). Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus ( December 1, 1521 &ndash May 13, 1573) of Shinano and Kai Provinces was a preeminent Daimyo or feudal lord was a Daimyo who ruled Echigo province in the Sengoku Period of Japan. Nagano, Japan

Other notable individuals

In modern culture

Just as with the American "Wild West," the sengoku-jidai has been used as the setting for myriad books, films, anime, and video games. was a Daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japan His clan the Azai were located in northern Ōmi Province, east of Lake Biwa was a Sengoku period Daimyo in Japan. He was the 21st head of the Chōsokabe clan of Tosa Province (present-day Kōchi Prefecture ( September 5, 1567 – June 27, 1636) was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi-Momoyama period through early Edo period. was the first head of the Late Hōjō clan, one of the major powers in Japan's Sengoku period. was one of the leading Daimyo (feudal lords in early Sengoku period Japan was one of the leading Generals of Oda Nobunaga following the Sengoku period of the 16th century extending to the Azuchi-Momoyama period. was a prominent daimyō in the west Chūgoku region of Japan during the Sengoku period of the 16th century was the Epitome of the Daimyo that dramatically rose and also fell from power in Sengoku period Japan. (1544 (1547? - July 13, 1611) was a Japanese Sengoku period Daimyo. was the second son of Shimazu Takahisa and younger brother of Shimazu Yoshihisa. ( September 23, 1569 - November 30, 1602) was the head of the Japanese clan of Tachibana during the ( December 1, 1521 &ndash May 13, 1573) of Shinano and Kai Provinces was a preeminent Daimyo or feudal lord was a Daimyo who ruled Echigo province in the Sengoku Period of Japan. Ukita Hideie (宇喜多秀家 1573 - December 17, 1655) was the Daimyo of Bizen and Mimasaka provinces (modern Okayama nicknamed Jūbei or, was a Samurai who lived during the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. (1561-1624 was a Samurai of the late Sengoku Period to early Edo Period. was the name adopted by the leader of the of Ninja during the Sengoku era of Japan. also known as, the son of Hattori Yasunaga was a famous Samurai. ( 1548 – December 3[[ 610]] also called Honda Heihachirō (本多平八郎 was a Japanese General (and later a Daimyo) of the ( March 4, 1561 - March 24, 1602) was a general under the Sengoku period Daimyo, and later Shogun, Ishida Mitsunari (ja 石田 三成 1560 - November 6, 1600) was a Samurai who led the Western army in the Battle of Sekigahara ( July 25, 1562 - August 2, 1611) was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku and Edo period. (1543 &mdash 1612 better known as, was a Japanese Samurai of the Sengoku Period through early Edo Period. (c 1584– June 13 ( Japanese calendar: May 19), 1645 also known as Shinmen Takezō, Miyamoto Bennosuke, or (1565&ndash June 21, 1582) born Mori Nagasada (森長定 was the son of Mori Yoshinari, and the younger brother of Mori Nagayoshi ( 1560 - January 23, 1620) was a Japanese Samurai of the 16th-17th centuries was the eldest son of Oda Nobunaga, and a Samurai who fought in many battles during the Sengoku period. Suzuki Magoichi, better known as Saiga Magoichi or Saika Magoichi (1534?- May 2(? 1589 was the name given to the leader of the Saiga Ikki. was a Japanese samurai second son of the Sengoku period Daimyo Sanada Masayuki (1544-1611 "Ganryu" redirects here For the sumo wrestler in the Tekken video game series see Ganryu (Tekken. or was a Japanese military commander during the Sengoku Period who served Oda Nobunaga. often called, was a Samurai working under Tsutsui. Shima eventually left the service of the Tsutsui and eventually joined Ishida Mitsunari under the banner

See also

References

External links

< Nanboku-chō period | History of Japan | Edo period >

The, spanning from 1336 to 1392, was a period that occurred during the early years of the Muromachi period of Japan 's history The written history of Japan begins with brief references in the 1st century AD Twenty-Four Histories, a collection of Chinese historical texts The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868
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