Self-governance - Citizendia

Self-governance is an abstract concept that refers to several scales of organization. An organization (or organisation &mdash see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals which controls its own performance and It may refer to personal conduct or family units but more commonly refers to larger scale activities, i. e. professions, industry bodies, religions and political units, up to and including autonomous regions and aboriginal peoples (or others within nation-states who enjoy some sovereign rights). The term profession is applied to those persons who have specialized and technical skill or knowledge which they apply for a fee to certain tasks that ordinary and unqualified people cannot A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos An autonomous area is an area of a Country that has a degree of Autonomy, or freedom from an external authority The term Indigenous Peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any Ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical For the online game see Jennifer Government NationStates. The nation-state is a certain form of State that derives its legitimacy Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself It falls within the larger context of governance and principles such as consent of the governed, and may involve non-profit organizations and corporate governance. Governance relates to decisions that define expectations, grant power, or verify performance. " Consent of the governed " is a political theory stating that a Government 's legitimacy and Moral right to use State power A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage Corporate governance is the set of Processes customs Policies, laws and institutions affecting the way a Corporation is directed administered or controlled

It can be used to describe a people or group being able to exercise all of the necessary functions of power without intervention from any authority which they cannot themselves alter. Self rule is associated then in contexts where there is the end of colonial rule, absolute government or monarchy, as well as demands for autonomy by religious, ethnic or geographic regions which perceive themselves as being unrepresented or underrepresented in a national government. See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or An autonomous area is an area of a Country that has a degree of Autonomy, or freedom from an external authority It is therefore a fundamental tenet of republican government and democracy as well as nationalism. Republicanism is the Ideology of governing a nation as a Republic, with an emphasis on Liberty, Rule of law, Popular sovereignty Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Gandhi's term "swaraj" (see also "satygraha") is a branch of this self rule ideology. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January This article refers to the concept of Swaraj as propagated by Gandhi. Satyagraha ( Sanskrit: सत्याग्रह satyāgraha) is a philosophy and practice of Nonviolent resistance developed by Mohandas Another major proponent of self-rule when a government's actions are immoral is Thoreau.

Generally when self-governance of nation-states is discussed, it is called national sovereignty - a concept important in international law. Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself International law is the term commonly used for referring to the system of implicit and explicit agreements that bind together nation-states in adherence to recognized values and standards Self-governance of cities is urban autonomy, and the democratic governance of an ecoregion is bioregional democracy. Urban secession is a city's Secession from its surrounding region to form a new political unit Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system An ecoregion ( ecological region) sometimes called a bioregion, is an ecologically and geographically defined area smaller than a "realm" or " Bioregionalism is a term used to describe a political cultural and environmental system based on naturally-defined areas called bioregions or Ecoregions Bioregions are defined These will not be covered in this article.

This article focuses on the self-governance of professions, industries including unions, and formal or informal political units including ethnic or ethical 'nations' not defined by national borders, and of religious organizations, which have professional and political elements. There are many historical examples of such organizations or groups, and some, e. g. the Roman Catholic Church, the Freemasons, the Iroquois Confederacy, have histories going back centuries, including vast bodies of precedent and shared culture and knowledge. The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse

A means of self-governance usually comprises at least the following:

an ethical code that outlines acceptable behavior within the unit or group, e. In the context of a code that is adopted by a profession or by a governmental or quasi-governmental organ to regulate that profession an ethical code may be styled as a code of professional g. the Hippocratic Oath of doctors, established professional ethics, the Ten Key Values of Green parties. The Hippocratic Oath is an oath traditionally taken by physicians pertaining to the ethical practice of medicine A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Professional ethics concerns the moral issues that arise because of the specialist knowledge that professionals attain and how the use of this knowledge should be governed when providing The Four Pillars of the Green Party are a foundational statement of Green politics and form the basis of many Worldwide Green parties. A Green party' or ecologist party is a formally organized Political party based on the principles of Green politics.
some set of criteria whereby an outside legal code or political authority can be called in - unless the group itself opposes such authority, e. A Code is a type of legislation that purports to exhaustively cover a complete system of laws or a particular area of law as it existed at the time the code was enacted by a Political authorities hold positions of power or influence within a system of government g. organized crime groups which are self-governing almost by definition. "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate.
a means of ensuring that outside authority does not become involved unless and until these criteria are satisfied, usually a code of silence regarding the activities of insiders when conversing with outsiders. Code of Silence is a 1985 cult Action film directed by Andrew Davis and staring Chuck Norris.
a process for registering and resolving grievances, e. A grievance is a wrong or hardship suffered which is the grounds of a Complaint. g. medical malpractice, union procedures, and for achieving closure regarding them. Medical malpractice is professional negligence by act or omission by a Health care provider in which care provided deviates from accepted standards of practice
the power to discipline its own members, ranging from fines and censure up to and including killing them, e. g. the Irish Republican Army, mafia or Tong groups, and militaries (see Uniform Code of Military Justice)
a means of selecting or electing leaders, e. The Irish Republican Army ( IRA) (Óglaigh na hÉireann was a military organisation descended from the Irish Volunteers, established 25 November 1913 and who The Mafia (also known as Cosa Nostra) is a Sicilian Criminal Secret society which is believed to have first developed in the mid-19th century The Uniform Code of Military Justice ( UCMJ,,) is the foundation of Military law in the United States. g. a voting system, gang wars, identification of divinely selected individuals (e. A voting system allows voters to choose between options often in an Election where candidates are selected for public office. g. Dalai Lama discovery). The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism.
a means of controlling parties, factions, tendencies or other sub-groups that seek to break away and form new entities that would compete with the group or organization that already exists.

Some degree of consensus decision making is usually involved in any self-governance system, if only because individual members of the group may choose to violate the criteria for invoking outside authority, break the code of silence, or otherwise cause the group to lose its autonomy. WikipediaConsensus here as this is the article namespace and that information is irrelevant to the reader For instance, any member of the mafia can, and many do, "rat" (inform) on their colleagues, gaining a new identity, e. The Mafia (also known as Cosa Nostra) is a Sicilian Criminal Secret society which is believed to have first developed in the mid-19th century g. via the FBI Witness protection program in the U.S.. Witness protection is Protection of a threatened Witness, before during and after a trial, usually by Police. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Such betrayal ends the individuals' involvement in the group, and he can no longer access its unique social capital. Social capital is a concept in business economics, Organizational behaviour, Political science, Public health, Sociology and natural However, he will remember the instructional capital and possibly be able to restart activities without the help of his former group. Instructional capital is a term used in educational administration after the 1960s to reflect capital resulting from investment in producing learning materials To curtail this possibility, most groups have very powerful means of coercion to prevent breakaway factions (or, in religions, "heresies") from competing directly with the old group. Coercion (co-er-shion is the practice of compelling a person or manipulating them to behave in an involuntary way (whether through action or inaction by use of threats Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief

See also