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For other uses, see Seinfeld (disambiguation). Seinfeld may refer to Jerry Seinfeld, a comedian ''Seinfeld'', by the comedian Jerry Seinfeld (character, eponymous
Seinfeld
Image:Seinfeld logo.png
Format Sitcom
Created by Larry David
Jerry Seinfeld
Starring Jerry Seinfeld
Jason Alexander
Julia Louis-Dreyfus
Michael Richards
Country of origin Flag of the United States United States
No. Lawrence Eugene "Larry" David (born July 2 1947 is an American Emmy -winning Actor, Writer, Comedian, producer Jerome Allen "Jerry" Seinfeld (born on April 29 1954 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American comedian actor and writer Jerome Allen "Jerry" Seinfeld (born on April 29 1954 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American comedian actor and writer Jason Alexander (born September 23 1959 as Jay Scott Greenspan) is an American television cinema and Musical theatre comedic actor best known for his role Julia Scarlett Elizabeth Louis-Dreyfus (born January 13, 1961) is an American Actress and Comedienne best known for her Michael Anthony Richards (born July 24, 1949) is an American Comedian and Actor best known for his portrayal of the eccentric The United States of America —commonly referred to as the of seasons 9
No.  of episodes 180 (including two-part episodes and clip shows) (List of episodes)
Production
Executive
producer(s)		 Fred Barron (Season 1)
Larry David (Seasons 2-7)
Ben A. This is an episode list of the United States sitcom Seinfeld, created by Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David. Fred Barron is an American television producer and writer who has created shows such as the popular BBC Sitcom My Family. Lawrence Eugene "Larry" David (born July 2 1947 is an American Emmy -winning Actor, Writer, Comedian, producer Scott
Howard West
George Shapiro
Andrew Scheinman
Jerry Seinfeld (Seasons 8-9)
Location(s) New York City
Running time 21 Minutes (syndication),
22 Minutes (original)
Broadcast
Original channel NBC
Original run July 5, 1989 – May 14, 1998
External links
Official website
IMDb profile
TV.com summary

Seinfeld is an Emmy Award-winning American situation comedy that originally aired on NBC from July 5, 1989 to May 14, 1998, lasting nine seasons. George Shapiro is an American Talent manager and multiple Emmy and Golden Globe winning Television producer. Jerome Allen "Jerry" Seinfeld (born on April 29 1954 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American comedian actor and writer The City of New York The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. The year 1989 in television involved some significant eventsBelow is a list of Television -related events in 1989. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the The year 1998 in television involved some significant eventsBelow is a list of Television -related events in 1998. Television is one of the major major mass media of the United States. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. The year 1989 in television involved some significant eventsBelow is a list of Television -related events in 1989. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the The year 1998 in television involved some significant eventsBelow is a list of Television -related events in 1998. Many of its catchphrases have entered into the popular culture lexicon. A catch phrase (or catchphrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — The show led the Arthur Nielsen Media Research Ratings in its sixth and ninth seasons and finished among the top two (along with NBC's ER) every year from 1994 to 1998. Arthur Charles Nielsen Sr of Winnetka IL ( September 5, 1897 &ndash June 1, 1980) was an American market analyst of Nielsen Media Research ( NMR) is an American firm that measures media Audiences including Television, Radio Nielsen Ratings are audience measurement systems developed by Nielsen Media Research to determine the Audience size and composition of television ER is an Emmy Award -winning American Medical drama series created by Novelist Michael Crichton and airing on The year 1994 in television involved some significant eventsBelow is a list of Television -related events in 1994. [1] In 2002, TV Guide named Seinfeld as the greatest American television program of all time. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. TV Guide is the name of a North American weekly magazine about television programming [2] A 2006 sitcom industry poll conducted by the United Kingdom's Channel 4 voted Seinfeld as the third best sitcom ever, ranking behind Frasier and Fawlty Towers. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. An opinion poll is a survey of Public opinion from a particular sample. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began Frasier is an American sitcom, a Spin-off of Cheers starring Kelsey Grammer as Fawlty Towers is a British sitcom made by the BBC and first broadcast on BBC2 in 1975 [3]

The eponymous series was created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld, with the latter starring as a fictionalized version of himself. Lawrence Eugene "Larry" David (born July 2 1947 is an American Emmy -winning Actor, Writer, Comedian, producer Jerome Allen "Jerry" Seinfeld (born on April 29 1954 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American comedian actor and writer Jerome "Jerry" Seinfeld is the main Protagonist on the United States television sitcom Seinfeld ( 1989 Set predominantly in an apartment block on New York City's Upper West Side (but shot mostly in Los Angeles, California), the show features a host of Jerry's friends and acquaintances, which include George Costanza, Elaine Benes and Cosmo Kramer. The City of New York The Upper West Side is a neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City that lies between Central Park and the Hudson River Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. George Louis Costanza is a Fictional character in the United States -based television sitcom Seinfeld (1989&ndash1998 Elaine Marie Benes is a Fictional character on the American television sitcom Seinfeld (1989&ndash1998 played by Julia Louis-Dreyfus Cosmo Kramer is a character on the American television sitcom Seinfeld (1989–1998 played by Michael Richards. Seinfeld was produced by Castle Rock Entertainment and distributed by Columbia Pictures Television and Columbia TriStar Television (now Sony Pictures Television). Castle Rock Entertainment is a film and television Production company founded in 1987 by Martin Shafer, director Rob Reiner, Andy Scheinman, Columbia Pictures Television (CPT was the second name of the Columbia Pictures television division Screen Gems (SG Columbia TriStar Television Inc was the third name of the Television studio Screen Gems, adopted with the Columbia-TriStar merger of 1991 Sony Pictures Television Inc (SPT is an American Television production /distribution company It was largely co-written by David and Seinfeld with inputs from numerous script writers, including Larry Charles, Peter Mehlman, Gregg Kavet, Andy Robin, Carol Leifer, David Mandel, Jeff Schaffer, Steve Koren, Jennifer Crittenden, Tom Gammill, Max Pross, Charlie Rubin, Alec Berg, and Spike Feresten. Larry Charles ( February 20, 1956) is an American Emmy Award -winning writer director and producer Peter Mehlman is a Television Writer and producer. He attended the University of Maryland and was a brother of the Alpha Epsilon Pi Fraternity Gregg Kavet is a writer and director who worked on NBC 's Seinfeld for several seasons with collaborator Andy Robin. Andy Robin is a Writer and director who started on Saturday Night Live where he created the character "Copy Machine Guy" for actor Rob Schneider Carol Leifer (born July 27, 1956) is American comedian Jerry Seinfeld 's ex-girlfriend and is believed to be part of the basis for the character David Mandel (born 1971 is an executive producer of Curb Your Enthusiasm, and one of the producers of the teen-comedy Eurotrip. Steven Wayne Koren is an American Screenwriter. He was one of the writers for the movies Bruce Almighty, Evan Almighty, " Jennifer Crittenden (born 1969 is a Television Sitcom Writer, who was educated at The Thacher School in Ojai California and graduated from Tom Gammill (May 19 1957 - and Max Pross (March 22 1957 -) are an Emmy Award -winning American comedy writing team Tom Gammill (May 19 1957 - and Max Pross (March 22 1957 -) are an Emmy Award -winning American comedy writing team Charlie Rubin is a professional writer who has written for many television shows among them Law and Order Criminal Intent; Seinfeld (including Alec Berg is a Comedy writer best known as a writer for the Sitcom Seinfeld. Michael Donovan "Spike" Feresten Jr (born September 3 1964 is an American Television writer, Screenwriter and Television personality

Contents

Overview

Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David pitched Seinfeld as a "show about nothing," similar to the self-parodying "show within a show" of Season 4 episodes "The Pilot, Part 1" and "Part 2". Lawrence Eugene "Larry" David (born July 2 1947 is an American Emmy -winning Actor, Writer, Comedian, producer Seinfeld stood out from the typical family- or coworker-driven TV sitcoms of its time. None of the principal Seinfeld characters were related by blood or worked together. The episodes of most sitcoms revolve around a central theme or contrived comic situations, whereas most episodes of Seinfeld focused on the minutiae of daily life, such as waiting in line at the movies, going out for dinner, buying a suit, and coping with the petty injustices of life. Minutiae, in Fingerprinting terms are the points of interest in a fingerprint such as bifurcations (a ridge splitting into two and ridge endings Some viewers hold the belief that the world view presented in Seinfeld is somewhat consistent with the philosophy of nihilism, the view that life is pointless. Nihilism (from the Latin nihil, nothing is a philosophical position that argues that Existence is without objective meaning Purpose [4]

Tom's Restaurant, a diner at 112th St. and Broadway in Manhattan, referred to as Monk's Cafe in the show. Google Street View
Tom's Restaurant, a diner at 112th St. Tom's Restaurant is a Diner located at 2880 Broadway on the corner of that avenue and 112th Street in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of the borough and Broadway in Manhattan, referred to as Monk's Cafe in the show. Broadway, as the name implies is a wide avenue in New York City. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Monk's Café is a fictional Coffee shop from the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld. Google Street View

Originally, the show began with Jerry Seinfeld delivering his stand-up comedy routine, which was set in a comedy night club. Stand-up comedy is a style of comedy where the performer speaks directly to the audience with the absence of the theatrical " Fourth wall " The theme of his act is loosely based on the plot of each episode. Originally, his stand-up act would bookend an episode, for a while even functioning as cutscenes during the show. By Season 4, the cutscenes in the middle of the episodes became less common and by Season 6, the clips that ended the shows also became less common. By Season 8, the stand-up act was cut out entirely as the plots expanded and required more time. The show's main characters, and many secondary characters, were modeled after Seinfeld's and David's real-life acquaintances. Other recurring characters were based on well-known, real-life counterparts, such as the Soup Nazi (based on Soup Kitchen International manager Al Yeganeh), Jacopo Peterman of the J. "The Soup Nazi" is the title of the 116th episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld, which was the 6th episode of the 7th season Soup Kitchen International was a well-known Soup Restaurant at 259-A West 55th Street, near 8th Avenue in Manhattan, New York City Jacopo Peterman (normally referred to as J Peterman or simply Peterman) is a Secondary character on the television show Peterman catalogue (nominally based on John Peterman), and George Steinbrenner, the owner of the New York Yankees. John Peterman is a well-known Catalogue and Retail Entrepreneur from Lexington, Kentucky George Michael Steinbrenner III (born July 4, 1930 in Rocky River Ohio) is an American Billionaire businessman and the principal George Michael Steinbrenner III (born July 4, 1930 in Rocky River Ohio) is an American Billionaire businessman and the principal The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City, New York.

In most Seinfeld episodes, one story thread is presented at the beginning, involving the characters in separate and unrelated situations. Rapid scene-shifts between story lines move the story forward. By Season 4, the episodes ended by having all of the separate story lines converge—often unexpectedly. Despite the separate plot strands, the narratives reveal "consistent efforts to maintain [the] intimacy" between the small cast of characters.

The show kept a strong sense of continuity—characters and plots from past episodes were frequently referenced or expanded upon. In Fiction, continuity (also called time-scheme) is consistency of the characteristics of persons plot, objects places and events seen by the reader or Occasionally, story arcs would span multiple episodes and even entire seasons. Larry David, the show's head writer and executive producer for the first seven seasons, was praised for keeping a close eye on minor details and making sure the main characters' lives remained consistent and believable. Lawrence Eugene "Larry" David (born July 2 1947 is an American Emmy -winning Actor, Writer, Comedian, producer He would later make use of season-long story arcs in his next series, Curb Your Enthusiasm. Curb Your Enthusiasm is an American Sitcom starring Seinfeld writer co-creator and executive producer Larry David as himself and

The show stood apart from other sitcoms of the time for not placing a shred of importance on the characters learning moral lessons. In effect, the characters are often morally indifferent or callous. It was often said that the mantra of the show's producers was: "No hugging, no learning. A mantra ( Devanāgarī मन्त्र (or mantram is a religious or mystical syllable or poem typically from the Sanskrit language "[5]

Main characters

Secondary characters

Main article: Minor characters in Seinfeld

There are numerous recurring minor characters in Seinfeld. The television show Seinfeld was known for featuring many characters each with their own special quirks The most prominent are:

Notable guest appearances

See List of Seinfeld minor characters for a complete list of celebrities who played themselves and other guest stars in minor roles. The television show Seinfeld was known for featuring many characters each with their own special quirks

Besides its regularly recurring characters, Seinfeld featured numerous celebrities who appeared as themselves or as girlfriends, boyfriends, bosses and other acquaintances. Many of those who made guest appearances would become household names later in their careers, or were comedians and actors who were well-known for previous work.

Plot

Seinfeld violated several conventions of mainstream television. Mainstream is generally the common current of Thought of the Majority. The show, which (correctly or not) is often described as "about nothing",[10][11][12] became the first television series since Monty Python's Flying Circus to be widely described as postmodern. Monty Python’s Flying Circus (also known as Flying Circus or during the final series just Monty Python) is a BBC Sketch comedy Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism [13] Several elements of Seinfeld fit in with a postmodern interpretation. The show typically is driven by humor dispersed with superficial conflict and characters with strange dispositions.

The characters were "thirty-something singles . . . with no roots, vague identities, and conscious indifference to morals". [14] Usual conventions, such as isolating the characters from the actors playing them and separating the characters' world from that of the actors and audience, were broken. One such example is the story arc in which the characters promote a television sitcom series named Jerry. A story arc is an extended or continuing storyline in episodic storytelling media such as Television, Comic books Comic strips The show within the show, titled Jerry was much like Seinfeld, in which Seinfeld played himself, and that the show was "about nothing". Jerry was launched in the Season 4 finale, but unlike Seinfeld, it was not picked up as a series.

Many episodes revolved around the characters becoming involved in the lives of others to typically disastrous results. However, regardless of the damage they caused, they never gained anything from the experience and continued to be selfish, egocentric people. On the set, the notion that the characters should not develop or improve throughout the series was expressed as the "no hugging, no learning" rule. This quote is almost referenced in an episode ("The Secret Code") where Kramer says to Jerry, "Well the important thing is, you learned something," to which Jerry replies, "No I didn't. "The Secret Code" is the 117th episode of NBC sitcom Seinfeld. " Unlike most sitcoms, there are no moments of pathos; the audience is never made to feel sorry for any of the characters. Even Susan's death in the series elicits no genuine emotions from anyone in the show.

The Seinfeld community can draw on a large amount of in-slang, "a lexicon of Seinfeldian code words and recurring phrases, that evolved around particular episodes". Slang is the use of highly informal Words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's Dialect or Language. [13] The show has propelled many catchphrases such as Yada Yada Yada, master of your domain, and Festivus into daily life conversations. "The Yada Yada" is the 153rd episode of the American NBC sitcom Seinfeld. "The Contest" was the 51st overall episode of the NBC Sitcom, Seinfeld. [15][16][17]

Also, nearly every episode is based on the writers real life experiences rather than writing a typical sitcom script. For example, "The Revenge" is based on Larry's experience at Saturday Night Live [18]. "The Smelly Car" is based on Peter Mehlman's friend who is a lawyer that couldn't get the bad smell out of his car. "The Smelly Car" is the sixty-first episode of the hit sitcom Seinfeld. "The Strike" is based on Dan O'Keefe's dad who made up his own holiday Festivus [19]. The Strike (also known as Strike!) was one of the long-running series of Comic Strip Presents However other stories takes a different turn in a number of ways. "The Chinese Restaurant" is simply waiting for a table for the whole episode. "The Chinese Restaurant" was the 17th episode of Seinfeld. "The Boyfriend" revolves around Keith Hernandez extending to two episodes [20]. "The Betrayal" is based on Pinter's play in which the story uses reverse chronology[21]. "The Betrayal" is the 164th episode of the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld.

Evolution

Seasons 1 to 3: The early years

The show premiered as The Seinfeld Chronicles on July 5, 1989, on NBC. "The Seinfeld Chronicles" (also known as "Good News Bad News" for syndication is the pilot episode of the NBC Sitcom Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's The pilot was not very well received. After it aired, a pickup by the NBC network did not seem likely and the show was actually offered to Fox, which declined to pick it up. However, Rick Ludwin, head of late night and special events for NBC, diverted money from his budget, and the next four episodes ("Male Unbonding", "The Stakeout", "The Robbery", and "The Stock Tip") were filmed. "Male Unbonding" is the second Episode of the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld to be produced and aired on June 14 1990 as the fourth " The Stake Out " is the second episode of the first season of the NBC Comedy Seinfeld. "The Robbery" is the third episode of the first season of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld. [22] These episodes were highly-rated as they followed Cheers on Thursdays at 9:30 p. Cheers is an American Situation comedy television series that ran eleven seasons from 1982 to 1993 m. , and the series was finally picked up. At one point, NBC considered airing these episodes on Saturdays at 10:30PM, but instead gave that slot to a short-lived sitcom, FM. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's

Seinfeld was championed by television critics in its early seasons, even as it was yet to cultivate a substantial audience. Early episodes such as "The Chinese Restaurant", "The Pony Remark", "The Parking Garage", and "The Subway", tended to be more realistic than the later ones, and dealt with the minutiae of daily life, such as getting stuck on the subway or waiting for their turn in a Chinese restaurant. "The Chinese Restaurant" was the 17th episode of Seinfeld. "The Pony Remark" is the seventh Episode of the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld. "The Parking Garage" is the twenty-third episode of the Situation comedy Seinfeld.

Seasons 4 to 5: Seinfeld's prime

Season 4 marked the sitcom's entry into the Nielsen Ratings Top 30, coinciding with several popular episodes, such as "The Bubble Boy", "The Outing", "The Airport", and "The Junior Mint". Nielsen Ratings are audience measurement systems developed by Nielsen Media Research to determine the Audience size and composition of television "The Bubble Boy" is the 47th episode of the American sitcom Seinfeld as well as the nickname of Donald Sanger one of the characters in the episode "The Outing" is the fifty-seventh episode of the sitcom Seinfeld. "The Airport" is the 52nd episode of the sitcom Seinfeld. "The Junior Mint" is the 60th episode of the American Sitcom Seinfeld. This was the first season to use a story arc, in which Jerry and George try to create their own sitcom, Jerry.

Much publicity followed the controversial episode, "The Contest", an Emmy Award-winning episode written by co-creator Larry David, whose subject matter (masturbation) was considered inappropriate for primetime network television. "The Contest" was the 51st overall episode of the NBC Sitcom, Seinfeld. Masturbation refers to Sexual stimulation especially of one's own genitals ( self masturbation) and often to the point of Orgasm, which To circumvent this taboo, the word "masturbation" was never used in the script itself, instead substituted by a variety of oblique references. Midway through that season Seinfeld was moved from its original 9 p. m. time slot on Wednesdays to 9:30 p. m. on Thursdays, following Cheers again, which gave the show even more popularity. Cheers is an American Situation comedy television series that ran eleven seasons from 1982 to 1993 The show won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1993, beating out its family-oriented competitor Home Improvement, which at the time was a big hit for NBC's rival ABC. Home Improvement is a American television Sitcom starring actor/comedian Tim Allen, which aired 1991 to 1999 The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network.

Season 5 was also a ratings-hit as it consisted of many popular episodes such as "The Mango", "The Puffy Shirt" starring Aislinn Roberts as the low talker, "The Lip Reader" with Marlee Matlin in the title role, "The Marine Biologist", "The Hamptons", and "The Opposite". "The Mango" is the sixty-fifth episode of the sitcom Seinfeld. "The Puffy Shirt" is the second episode of the American NBC sitcom Seinfeld 's fifth season. "The Lip Reader" is the seventieth episode of the hit sitcom Seinfeld. This is about the actress For the political professional see Mary Matalin. "The Marine Biologist" is the seventy-eighth episode of the American Sitcom Seinfeld. "The Opposite" is the eighty-sixth episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld, which was also the 22nd and final episode of Season 5 Another story arc was used in which George returns to live with his parents for the entire season and later, creation of a coffee table book by Kramer. A coffee table book is a Hardcover Book that is intended to sit on a Coffee table or similar surface in an area where guests sit and are entertained thus The show was again nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series, but lost to the Cheers spin-off Frasier, which was only in its first season. Frasier is an American sitcom, a Spin-off of Cheers starring Kelsey Grammer as Seinfeld was nominated for the same award every year for the rest of its run but would keep losing to Frasier.

Seasons 6 to 7: Maintaining the top

With Season 6, Andy Ackerman replaced Tom Cherones as the director of the show. Robert Andrew “Andy” Ackerman is a director and producer who is best known for his work on Seinfeld, The New Adventures of Old Tom Cherones (born 1939 is a director and producer of several TV series. Even so, the series remained well-regarded and produced some of its most famous episodes, such as "The Fusilli Jerry", "The Chinese Woman", "The Jimmy", "The Face Painter", and "The Switch", which finally revealed Kramer's first name, Cosmo. "The Fusilli Jerry" is the 107th episode of the sitcom Seinfeld. "The Chinese Woman" is the 90th episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld. "The Jimmy" is the 105th episode of the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld. "The Face Painter" is the 109th episode of NBC sitcom Seinfeld. "The Switch" is the 97th episode of NBC sitcom Seinfeld. Story arcs used in this season was Elaine working as a personal assistant to her eccentric boss Mr. Pitt, as well as George's parents' separation which ended by the next season. This was also the first season in which Seinfeld reached Number 1 in the Nielsen Ratings.

With Season 7, the show has reached its creative peak. Another story arc created this season consisted of George getting engaged to his former girlfriend Susan Ross, whose last appearance was in Season 4. He spends most of the season regretting the engagement and trying to get out of it. Garnering its highest ratings yet, Seinfeld went on to produce some of its most famous episodes—namely "The Soup Nazi", "The Secret Code", "The Maestro", and "The Rye" among others. "The Soup Nazi" is the title of the 116th episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld, which was the 6th episode of the 7th season "The Secret Code" is the 117th episode of NBC sitcom Seinfeld. " The Maestro " is an episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld. "The Rye" is the 121st episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.

Seasons 8 to 9: Without Larry David

The show's ratings were still going very strong in its final two seasons (8 and 9), but its critical standing suffered[23]. Larry David left at the end of Season 7 (although he continued to voice Steinbrenner in Season 8), so Seinfeld assumed David's duties as showrunner, and, under the direction of a new writing staff, Seinfeld became more of a fast-paced, absurdist show. The humor began to rely heavily on slapstick, and storylines occasionally delved into fantasy, an example being "The Bizarro Jerry", when Elaine is torn between exact opposites of her friends or when Jerry dates a woman who has the now-famed "man hands". Slapstick is a type of Comedy involving exaggerated physical violence or activities which exceed the boundaries of common sense such as a character being hit in the face with "The Bizarro Jerry" is the 137th Episode of the American Television Sitcom Seinfeld. Some notable episodes from season 8 include "The Little Kicks" showing Elaine's horrible dancing, "The Yada Yada", "The Chicken Roaster", and "The Comeback". "The Little Kicks" is the 138th Episode of the American Television Sitcom Seinfeld. "The Yada Yada" is the 153rd episode of the American NBC sitcom Seinfeld. "The Chicken Roaster" is the 142nd episode of the sitcom Seinfeld.

Season 9 included episodes such as "The Merv Griffin Show", "The Butter Shave", "The Betrayal" (the backwards episode), and "The Finale", which was written by Larry David. "The Butter Shave" is the 157th episode of the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld. "The Betrayal" is the 164th episode of the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld. The last season included a story arc in which Elaine has an on/off relationship with David Puddy. David Puddy, usually just called Puddy, is a fictional character played by Patrick Warburton in the Situation comedy Seinfeld. Despite being offered to return for another season, Seinfeld decided to end the show after its ninth season.

Series Finale

Main article: The Finale (Seinfeld episode)

After nine years on the air, NBC and Jerry Seinfeld announced on December 26, 1997, that the series would end production the following spring in 1998. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The announcement made the front page of all the major New York newspapers, including the New York Times. Jerry Seinfeld was even featured on the cover of Time magazine's first issue of 1998. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and [24]

The series ended with a 75-minute episode (cut down to 60 minutes in syndication, in two parts) written by co-creator and former executive producer Larry David, which aired on May 14, 1998. In Broadcasting, syndication is the sale of the right to broadcast Radio shows and Television shows to multiple individual stations without going through Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Before the finale, a one-hour retrospective clip show was aired which included memorable scenes from the show's past nine seasons.

Jerry Seinfeld on the cover of TIME magazine in 1998.
Jerry Seinfeld on the cover of TIME magazine in 1998. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and

It was also the first episode since the finale of Season 7, "The Invitations", to feature opening and closing stand-up comedy acts by Jerry Seinfeld. The finale was filmed in front of an audience of NBC executives and additional friends of the show. The press and the public were shut out of the filming for the sake of keeping its plot secret, and all those who attended the taping of finale signed written "vows of silence". [25] The secrecy only seemed to increase speculation on how the series would end. Various accounts suggested that Jerry and Elaine get married while more cynical fans favored Julia Louis-Dreyfus' suggestion that the foursome die in a car accident after all their wishes come true. The producers of the show tweaked the media about the hype, spreading a false rumor about Newman ending up in the hospital and Jerry and Elaine sitting in a chapel, presumably to marry. [26]

The episode aired on the same day that Frank Sinatra died, and its airing may have been somewhat overshadowed by this event, but nonetheless it enjoyed a huge audience, estimated at 76 million viewers (58 percent of all viewers that night) making it the third most watched finale in television history. Francis Albert "Frank" Sinatra (December 12 1915 &ndash May 14 1998 was an American singer and actor However, the finale received mixed reviews from both critics and fans of the show. The actual finale poked fun at the many rumors that were circulating, seeming to move into several supposed plots before settling on its true storyline—a lengthy trial in which Jerry, George, Elaine and Kramer are prosecuted for violating a "Good Samaritan law" and are sentenced to jail. The last conversation in this final episode repeats the very first conversation from the pilot episode, discussing the positioning of a button on George's shirt. In the finale, the characters vaguely recall having the conversation before.

According to Forbes magazine, Seinfeld's annual earning from the show in 2004 was $267 million. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [27] He was reportedly offered $5 million per episode to continue the show into its tenth season but he refused. [1] As of July 2007, he is still the second highest earner in the television industry, earning $60 million a year. July 2007 is the seventh month of that year It began on a Sunday and 31 days later ended on a Tuesday. [28] The show itself became the first television series to command more than $1 million a minute for advertising–a mark previously attained only by the Super Bowl. professional American football, the Super Bowl is the Championship game of the National Football League (NFL [29]

Awards and nominations

Main article: Seinfeld awards and nominations

Seinfeld has received awards and nominations in various categories throughout the mid-90s. It was awarded the Emmy for "Outstanding Comedy series" in 1993, Golden Globe Award for "Best TV-Series (Comedy)" in 1994 and Screen Actors Guild Award for "Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series" in 1995, 1997 and 1998. The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and Television programs given out each year during a formal dinner The Screen Actors Guild Awards are an annual award given by the Screen Actors Guild (SAG to recognize outstanding performances by members [30][31][32][33] Apart from these, the show was also nominated for an Emmy award from 1992 to 1998 for "Outstanding Comedy series", Golden Globe award from 1994 to 1998 for "Best TV-Series (Comedy)", and Screen Actors Guild Award for "Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series" from 1995 to 1998. [34]

Ratings History

Season Ranking Viewership
Four (1992–93) 25 12,754,700[35]
Five (1993–94) 3 18,274,800[36]
Six (1994–95) 1 19,652,400[37]
Seven (1995–96) 2 20,330,800[38]
Eight (1996–97) 2 19,885,000[39]
Nine (1997–98) 1 21,266,000[40]

After Seinfeld

The "Seinfeld curse"

Louis-Dreyfus, Alexander and Richards have each attempted -- unsuccessfully -- to launch new sitcoms as title-role characters. Despite decent acclaim and even some respectable ratings, almost every show was cancelled quickly, usually within the first season. This gave rise to the term Seinfeld curse: the failure of a sitcom starring one of the three, despite the conventional wisdom that each's Seinfeld popularity should almost guarantee a strong, built-in audience for the actor's new show. Shows specifically cited regarding the Seinfeld curse are Julia Louis-Dreyfus' Watching Ellie, Jason Alexander's Bob Patterson and Listen Up!, and Michael Richards' The Michael Richards Show. Watching Ellie is an American Sitcom that starred Julia Louis-Dreyfus and was created by her husband Brad Hall. Bob Patterson is a 2001 television Sitcom starring and written by Jason Alexander, who had previously been one of the leading cast members in Listen Up is also the title of a song by British band Oasis Listen Up is also the title of a song by Hoku Listen Up! was a The Michael Richards Show is a Sitcom that debuted on NBC in 2000 This phenomenon was mocked in Larry David's hit HBO show Curb Your Enthusiasm, in which Larry David brings up the idea to Jason Alexander that he should do a show about Alexander's inability to shake the 'George' title in order to move on with his career. Lawrence Eugene "Larry" David (born July 2 1947 is an American Emmy -winning Actor, Writer, Comedian, producer Curb Your Enthusiasm is an American Sitcom starring Seinfeld writer co-creator and executive producer Larry David as himself and When David and Alexander begin feuding in the show, Larry David takes the idea to Julia Louis-Dreyfus. They plan to work on a show called Aren't you Evelyn? but Larry David blows their chances with every network they meet, causing Julia to bow out of the idea.

Since the end of the program, Alexander has acted in film, theater and television, including guest appearances on Larry David's HBO series Curb Your Enthusiasm. Curb Your Enthusiasm is an American Sitcom starring Seinfeld writer co-creator and executive producer Larry David as himself and

Louis-Dreyfus also appeared on Curb Your Enthusiasm and has received on-screen and voice credits in television (such as Arrested Development) and the Disney/Pixar animated film A Bug's Life. Arrested Development is a character-driven American television Sitcom about a formerly wealthy habitually Dysfunctional family. Pixar Animation Studios is a CGI animation production company based in Emeryville California. A Bug's Life is a 1998 CGI-animated Film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Buena Vista Distribution in the Louis-Dreyfus stars in the CBS sitcom The New Adventures of Old Christine, which debuted in March 2006 to strong ratings and has been consistent ever since. CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. The New Adventures of Old Christine is an American Sitcom starring Julia Louis-Dreyfus as a single American mother Events in March American Red Cross Month Fire Prevention month ( The Philippines) Women's History Month ( United The show was also renewed for a second season. Its 35 episodes make it the longest running show starring a Seinfeld alumnus since Seinfeld ended. Louis-Dreyfus also received an Emmy Award for best lead actress in a comedy series for her role as Christine. In her acceptance speech, Louis-Dreyfus held up her award and exclaimed, "I’m not somebody who really believes in curses, but curse this, baby!"[41] The show was also renewed for its third season, and returned as a midseason replacement through the 2007-08 season. In North American (American/Canadian television a midseason replacement is a television show that premieres in the second half of the traditional Television season, usually The "Seinfeld curse" was discussed in the opening of Saturday Night Live episode on May 13, 2006, hosted by Louis-Dreyfus; Alexander and Seinfeld also appeared in this episode. Saturday Night Live ( SNL) is a weekly late-night 90-minute American Sketch comedy / Variety show based in New York City Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Richards continues to appear in new film and television work, as well. In November 2006, controversy arose concerning racial epithets Richards shouted at African-American hecklers during a live comedy club performance in Los Angeles. Events in November All Saints' Day (formerly All Hallows Day a Christian holy day is celebrated on November 1, the day after Halloween The following is a list of ethnic slurs that are or have been used as insinuations or allegations about members of a given Ethnicity or to refer to them in a derogatory (critical A heckler is a person who shouts a disparaging comment at a performance or event or interrupting set-piece speeches for example at a political meeting Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West [42] He apologized for his statements a few days later during a rambling, impromptu appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman, which Jerry Seinfeld had arranged to take place during his interview segment. The Late Show with David Letterman is an Emmy Award -winning American late-night Talk show hosted by David Letterman on CBS

"It's so completely idiotic … It's very hard to have a successful sitcom," Larry David once said of the curse. [43]

Another scene

On the November 1, 2007, episode of The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, Jerry Seinfeld mentioned the possibility of filming one last scene, after they leave prison. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Daily Show (known in its current incarnation as The Daily Show He mentioned he is far too busy to do it now, but did not announce what the scene would entail as it is still a possibility they will do it. [44] In commentary from the final season DVD, Jerry Seinfeld outlines that he and Jason Alexander spoke about this scene being in Monks Coffee Shop, with George saying “That was brutal” in reference to their team's stint in jail. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is

Consumer products

A recurring feature of Seinfeld was its use of specific products, especially candy, as plot points. Candy, specifically sugar candy, is a confection made from a concentrated solution of sugar in water to which a variety of flavorings and colorants is added These might be a central feature of a plot (e. g. Junior Mints, Twix, Jujyfruits, Snickers, Nestlé Chunky, Oh Henry! and Pez), or an association of a candy with a guest character (e. Junior Mints are a Candy consisting of small rounds of mint filling inside a dark chocolate coating Twix is a chocolate-covered Chocolate bar made by Mars Inc, consisting of a Butter cookie centre topped with Caramel and coated in Jujyfruits are a firm chewy gumdrop-like starch-based Candy manufactured in the United States by Heide Candy Company, a subsidiary of Farley's Snickers is a Chocolate bar made by Mars Incorporated. It consists of peanut butter Nougat topped with roasted Peanuts and Caramel Nestlé Chunky is a Candy bar known for its Trapezoidal shape and consists of Milk chocolate, California Raisins and roasted Peanuts Oh Henry! is a candy bar containing Peanuts Caramel and Fudge, coated in chocolate PEZ is the brand name of an Austrian candy the pocket mechanical dispensers for such candy and an abbreviation of PEZ Candy Inc g. Oh Henry! bars), or simply a conversational aside (e. Oh Henry! is a candy bar containing Peanuts Caramel and Fudge, coated in chocolate g. Chuckles, Twinkies). This article is about the confectionery "Chuckles" is also the pseudonym of Chuck Bueche. A Twinkie is a "Golden Sponge Cake with Creamy Filling" popular in North America Non-candy products featured in Seinfeld include Rold Gold pretzels (whose advertisements at the time featured Jason Alexander), Kenny Rogers Roasters (a chicken restaurant chain), Oreo Cookies, Ben & Jerry's, H&H Bagels, Drake's Coffee Cakes, Ring Dings, Pepsi, Mello Yello, Snapple, Bosco Chocolate Syrup, Cadillac, Saab, Ford Escort, Tyler Chicken, Specialized Bicycles, BMW, Volvo, Toyota, Tupperware, Calvin Klein, Klein Bicycles, Ovaltine, Arby's, TV Guide, Trump Tower, the board games Risk, Boggle, Trivial Pursuit, Scrabble, and Battleship, Entenmann's and the J. Peterman clothing catalog. Rold Gold is the name of a brand of Pretzels, now owned by Frito-Lay. Kenny Rogers Roasters is a chicken restaurant that was started in 1991 in the United States by Country music musician Kenny Rogers and former Kentucky Oreo is a trademark for a popular sandwich Cookie currently manufactured by the Nabisco Division of Kraft Foods. B&J redirects here For the beverage company see Bartles and Jaymes. H&H Bagels is a popular Bagel company in New York City, founded in 1972 by Helmer Toro Drake's is a Baking Company in Wayne New Jersey owned by the Interstate Bakeries Corporation, which makes cake, such as Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. Mello Yello is a caffeinated, Citrus -flavored Soft drink produced and distributed by the Coca-Cola Company. Snapple is a brand of iced tea and fruit drinks owned by Dr Pepper Snapple Group and based in Rye Brook New York. Bosco Chocolate Syrup is a brand of Chocolate syrup first produced in 1928 Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors. Saab Automobile AB, better known as Saab, is a Swedish car manufacturer and currently a wholly-owned Subsidiary of General Motors. See also Ford Escort (Europe. The Ford Escort was a Compact car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. "The Muffin Tops" is the 155th episode of the sitcom Seinfeld. ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 This article is about Volvo Group - AB Volvo Volvo Cars is the passenger vehicle maker owned by Ford Motor Company, using the Volvo Trademark (pronounced) is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Japan, and is currently the world's largest Automaker. Tupperware is the brand name of a home products line that includes preparation storage and serving products for the kitchen and home which debuted in 1946 Calvin Klein Inc is an American fashion brand founded in 1968 by Calvin Klein. Ovaltine is a brand of Milk flavoring product made with Sugar (except in Switzerland Malt extract Cocoa, and Whey. Arby's is a Fast food Restaurant chain in the United States and Canada that is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wendy's/Arby's Group TV Guide is the name of a North American weekly magazine about television programming Risk is a commercial strategic Board game, produced by Parker Brothers (now a division of Hasbro) Boggle is a Word game designed by Allan Turoff and trademarked by Parker Brothers and Hasbro. Trivial Pursuit is a Board game in which progress is determined by a player's ability to answer general knowledge and Popular culture questions The verb "to scrabble" also means to scratch scramble or scrape about see Wiktionaryscrabble. A battleship is a large heavily armored Warship with a main battery consisting of the largest Calibre of Guns Battleships were Entenmann's is a Bakery brand now owned by Canadian food conglomerate George Weston Bakeries. J Peterman may refer to John Peterman, operator of the The J Peterman Company The J The computers in Jerry's apartment are always Apple Macintosh; the featured model changed every few seasons to reflect Apple's latest offerings. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics Also seen throughout the show's run were many different brands of cereal. A notable exception to this pattern is the use of a fictional whiskey brand called "Hennigan's". One product placement, for Snapple, was inserted as a parody of product placement; when offered some by Elaine in the middle of a conversation, the character Babu Bhatt's (owner of a Pakistani restaurant named as "Dream Cafe") brother declines, calling the drink "too fruity". Snapple is a brand of iced tea and fruit drinks owned by Dr Pepper Snapple Group and based in Rye Brook New York. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and

The show's creators claim that they were not engaging in a product placement strategy for commercial gain. One of the motivations for the use of real-world products, quite unrelated to commercial considerations, is the comedy value of funny-sounding phrases and words. "I knew I wanted Kramer to think of watching the operation like going to see a movie," explained Seinfeld writer/producer Andy Robin in an interview published in the Hollywood Reporter. "At first, I thought maybe a piece of popcorn falls into the patient. I ran that by my brother, and he said, 'No, Junior Mints are just funnier. '"[45]

Many advertisers capitalized on the popularity of Seinfeld. American Express created a webisode in which Jerry Seinfeld and an animated Superman (voiced by Patrick Warburton, who played the role of David Puddy) into its commercial. American Express ( sometimes known as " AmEx " or " Amex " is a diversified global Financial services company headquartered in A webisode is an episode of a Television show that airs initially as an Internet download or stream as opposed to first airing on broadcast or Cable Patrick John Warburton (born November 14, 1964) is an American Television Actor and Voice actor. Another advertisement featured Jason Alexander in a Chrysler commercial. Chrysler LLC is an American Automobile manufacturer that has been producing Automobiles since 1925 In this, Alexander behaves much like his character George, and his relationship with Lee Iacocca plays on his George's relationship with George Steinbrenner. Lido Anthony "Lee" Iacocca (born October 15, 1924) is an American businessman most commonly known for his revival of the George Michael Steinbrenner III (born July 4, 1930 in Rocky River Ohio) is an American Billionaire businessman and the principal Similarly, Michael Richards was the focus of a series of advertisements for Vodafone which ran in Australia where he dressed and behaved exactly like Kramer, including the trademark bumbling pratfalls. Vodafone is a Mobile network operator headquartered in Berkshire, England, UK. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

Media

DVD releases

Main article: Seinfeld DVD releases

On November 6, 2007, "Seinfeld: The Complete Series" was released on DVD. All seasons of Seinfeld have been released on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The set included a 2007 reunion of the four main cast members and Larry David. The list of US release dates of each season is given below:

Season Date of US release
Seasons 1 to 3[46] November 23, 2004
Season 4[46] May 17, 2005
Seasons 5 and 6[46] November 22, 2005
Season 7[46] November 21, 2006
Season 8[46] June 5, 2007
Season 9[46] November 6, 2007

Music

A signature of Seinfeld is its theme music. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Composed by Jonathan Wolff, it consists of distinct solo sampled bass guitar riffs which open the show and connect the scenes, often accompanied by a "percussion track" composed of mouth noises, such as pops and clicks. Jonathan Wolff is the composer of the theme music for numerous TV shows including Seinfeld and Will & Grace. The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the The slap bass music eventually replaced the original standard sitcom music when it was played again after the first broadcast "The Seinfeld Chronicles". "The Seinfeld Chronicles" (also known as "Good News Bad News" for syndication is the pilot episode of the NBC Sitcom

Seinfeld lacked a traditional title track and the riffs were played over the first moments of dialogue or action. They vary throughout each episode and are played in an improvised funk style with slap bass. An additional musical theme with an ensemble, led by a synthesized mid-range brass instrument, ends each episode.

In The Note, the first episode of Season Three, the bumper music featured a scatting female jazz vocalist who sang "Easy to Beat". In Vocal jazz, scat singing is vocal improvisation with random vocables and syllables or without words at all Jerry Seinfeld and executive producer Larry David both liked Wolff's additions, and three episodes were produced with the new style music. However, they had neglected to inform NBC and Castle Rock of the change, and when the season premiere aired, they were surprised and unimpressed, and requested that they return to the original style. The subsequent two episodes were redone, leaving this episode as the only one with the additional music elements[47]. In the commentary of The Note, Julia Louis-Dreyfus facetiously suggests it was removed because the lyric "Easy to Beat" related too closely to the low ratings at the time. [48]

In the final three seasons (7, 8, and 9), the bits were tweaked slightly to give them more frenetic rhythms and the occasional hint of guitar. Throughout the show, the main theme could be re-styled in different ways depending on the episode. For instance, in "The Betrayal," in which part of the episode takes place in India, the theme is heard played on a sitar. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The sitar ( Hindi: सितार Urdu: ستار Persian: سی تار) is a Plucked stringed instrument.

Non-original music featured in the show:

Song Artist Episode Notes
"Joltin' Joe DiMaggio" Les Brown "The Note" The episode ends with this song. Les Brown Sr ( March 14, 1912 – January 4, 2001) and the Band of Renown are a Big band that began in the big band era
"Vesti la giubba" Ruggero Leoncavallo "The Opera" and "The Keys" It plays close to the opera. Vesti la Giubba (Put on the costume is a famous Tenor Aria performed as part of the opera Pagliacci, written and composed by Ruggero (Ruggiero Leoncavallo (23 April 1857- 9 August 1919 was an Italian Opera Composer. "The Keys" is the fortieth episode of the sitcom Seinfeld.
The Godfather theme Nino Rota "The Bris" The episode ends with this theme. The Godfather is a 1972 Crime drama film based on the 1969 novel of the same name by Mario Puzo and directed Nino Rota ( December 3, 1911 &ndash April 10, 1979) was an Italian Composer best known for his work on Film scores "The Bris" is the sixty-ninth episode of the hit sitcom Seinfeld.
Selected music from "The Barber of Seville" Gioachino Rossini "The Barber" The music replaces Seinfeld main slap bass music. The Barber of Seville or The Useless Precaution ( Il barbiere di Siviglia ossia L'inutile precauzione) is an Opera buffa in two acts by
"Wouldn't It Be Nice" The Beach Boys "The Hamptons" Cover version performed by another band
Superman theme John Williams "The Race" and "The Clip Show, Part 1" Played when Jerry wins the race and during past reflection of Seinfeld episodes. " Wouldn't It Be Nice " is the Opening track on the 1966 album Pet Sounds and one of the most widely recognized songs by the American The Beach Boys is an American rock band Formed in 1961 the group gained popularity for its close vocal harmonies and lyrics reflecting a California Youth culture Superman (also known as Superman The Movie) is a 1978 Superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the John Towner Williams (born February 8 1932) is an American Composer, conductor and Pianist. "The Clip Show" (also known as "The Chronicle" is an hour long two-part episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.
Sonata No. 8 Op. 13 "Pathetique" Ludwig van Beethoven "The Pez Dispenser" Elaine laughs through this music. Ludwig van Beethoven 's Piano Sonata No 8 in C minor op 13 commonly known as Pathétique was published in 1799, though written the year before when Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. "The Pez Dispenser" is the thirty-first episode of the sitcom Seinfeld.
"Everybody's Talkin'" Harry Nilsson "The Mom & Pop Store" Similar to Midnight Cowboy with Kramer and Jerry. Harry Edward Nilsson III ( June 15, 1941 – January 15, 1994) was an American Songwriter, singer Pianist, and "The Mom & Pop Store" is the 94th episode of the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld. Midnight Cowboy is a 1969 Drama film based on the 1965 novel of the same name by James Leo Herlihy.
"Hello" Lionel Richie "The Voice", "The Engagement" and "The Invitations" The song shows a reflection of their life. " Hello " is a song by Lionel Richie. Taken as the third single from Richie's multi-platinum album Can't Slow Down, the song was released Lionel Brockman Richie Jr (born June 20 1949 is an Academy Award and Grammy award-winning American Singer, Songwriter,
"Downtown" Petula Clark "The Bottle Deposit, Part 1" George looks for clues about his work assignment when Wilhelm mentions the song to him. " Downtown " is a pop song composed by Tony Hatch following a first-time visit to New York City. Petula Clark, CBE (born 15 November 1932 is an English singer actress and Composer best known for her upbeat popular international hits
"Morning Train (9 to 5)" Sheena Easton "The Bizarro Jerry" and "The Butter Shave" Kramer and George in separate episodes have brief stints in going to work. " 9 to 5 " with text and lyrics by Florrie Palmer is the title of a popular song recorded by Sheena Easton in 1980, becoming her first major Sheena Easton (born Sheena Shirley Orr on April 27, 1959) is a Scottish pop singer and theatre and television actress "The Bizarro Jerry" is the 137th Episode of the American Television Sitcom Seinfeld. "The Butter Shave" is the 157th episode of the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld.
"Shining Star" Earth, Wind & Fire "The Little Kicks" and "The Bookstore" Elaine does the infamous dry heave dance to this song. " Shining Star " is a song by Earth Wind & Fire from their album and film That's the Way of the World. Earth Wind & Fire is an African - American Funk band led by Maurice White that achieved worldwide success in the 1970s "The Little Kicks" is the 138th Episode of the American Television Sitcom Seinfeld. "The Bookstore" is the 173rd episode of the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld.
"Adagio for Strings" Samuel Barber "The Fatigues" Frank Costanza has a flashback of his days as a cook in the Korean War. "Adagio for Strings" is a work for String orchestra, arranged by the American Composer Samuel Barber from his first string quartet Samuel Osborne Barber II ( March 9, 1910 – January 23, 1981) was an American Composer of Orchestral, Opera, "The Fatigues" is the 140th episode of the hit sitcom Seinfeld. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the This scene (and its music) is a reference to Platoon. Platoon is a 1986 Vietnam War film written and directed by Oliver Stone and starring Charlie Sheen, Tom Berenger
"Desperado" and "Witchy Woman" Eagles "The Checks" Elaine's boyfriend gets obsessed with "Desperado" while Elaine tries to offer "Witchy Woman" as "their" song (a doctor later "zones out" to the latter). " Desperado " is a song by the rock band Eagles, written by Glenn Frey and Don Henley. " Witchy Woman " is a song written by Don Henley and Bernie Leadon, and recorded by the American rock band Eagles. "The Checks" is the 141st episode of the sitcom Seinfeld.
The Greatest American Hero"[49] Joey Scarbury "The Susie" George's answering machine was to this tune but with different words. The Greatest American Hero is an American Television series which aired for three seasons from 1981 to 1983 on ABC. Joey Scarbury (born June 7 1955) is an Adult contemporary Singer who had a Hit song, "Theme from Greatest American "The Susie" is the 149th episode of the hit sitcom Seinfeld. An answering machine, also known as an answerphone, ansaphone or ansafone (especially in UK and British commonwealth countries or telephone answering
"Three Times a Lady" The Commodores "The Pothole" Newman sings this song. " Three Times a Lady " is a 1978 single from the funk/soul band the Commodores, from their 1978 album Natural High. The Commodores were a highly successful Funk / soul band of the 1970s and 1980s "The Pothole" is the 150th episode of the sitcom Seinfeld.
"Mañana (Is Good Enough For Me)" Jackie Davis "The Blood" Appears when Kramer and Newman are making sausages and Kramer returning the blood.
"Slow Ride" Foghat "The Slicer" Elaine tunes into her bedside radio and offers up a few characteristic dance moves. " Slow Ride " is a song composed by "Lonesome" Dave Peverett and recorded by the rock band Foghat, appearing on their fifth album Foghat are a British rock band who had their peak success in the mid- to late-1970s "The Slicer" is the 163rd episode of the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld.
"In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" Iron Butterfly "The Slicer" Elaine makes an attempt to phone the repairman. Iron Butterfly is an American Psychedelic rock and early Heavy metal band well known for their 1968 hit " In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida "The Slicer" is the 163rd episode of the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld.
"Mexican Radio" Wall of Voodoo "The Reverse Peephole" Kramer sings this as he is reversing his peephole. Mexican Radio is a song written and performed by the band Wall of Voodoo, and produced by Richard Mazda. Wall of Voodoo was a new wave group from Los Angeles best known for the 1983 hit " Mexican Radio " "The Reverse Peephole" is the 168th episode of the NBC Sitcom Seinfeld. It is also featured at the end of the episode after the credits.
"Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)" Green Day "The Clip Show, Part 2" Behind the scenes throughout the series. " Good Riddance (Time of Your Life " also called " Time of Your Life (Good Riddance " or more commonly " Time of Your Life " is a Green Day is an American rock trio "The Clip Show" (also known as "The Chronicle" is an hour long two-part episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.
"Funiculì, Funiculà" Luigi Denza "The Maestro" Plays in the scene where Elaine jumps into the Maestro's car and he begins conducting. " Funiculì Funiculà " is a famous song written by Italian journalist Peppino Turco and set to music by Italian composer Luigi Denza Luigi Denza ( February 24, 1846 - January 26, 1922) was an Italian Composer. " The Maestro " is an episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.
"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" Michael Jackson "The Clip Show, Part 2" Clips of the gang dancing in the series. " Don’t Stop 'til You Get Enough " was the first hit single from Michael Jackson ’s 1979 Off the Wall album his first Michael Joseph Jackson (born August 29 1958 is an American musician entertainer and businessman "The Clip Show" (also known as "The Chronicle" is an hour long two-part episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b CNN- Seinfeld to end show. "Must See TV" is an advertising Slogan used by the NBC Television network to brand its Prime time blocks of sitcoms during This is an episode list of the United States sitcom Seinfeld, created by Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David. CNN (1997-12-26). Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Retrieved on 2007-12-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the
  2. ^ "TV Guide Names Top 50 Shows", Associated Press, 2002-04-26. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Retrieved on 2007-11-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.  
  3. ^ Wezzo (2006-01-03). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Channel 4's Ultimate Sitcom. Listology. Retrieved on 2008-02-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor
  4. ^ "Seinfeld and nihilism", 1999-12-03. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French Retrieved on 2007-12-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian  
  5. ^ "About Seinfeld". Retrieved on 2008-01-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus.  
  6. ^ Seinfeld Cast and characters - Jerry. Sony pictures. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office
  7. ^ Seinfeld Cast and characters - George. Sony pictures. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office
  8. ^ Seinfeld Cast and characters - Elaine. Sony pictures. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office
  9. ^ Seinfeld Cast and characters - Kramer. Sony pictures. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office
  10. ^ Miller, Patrick D. (July 1998). Editorial: Good-bye Seinfeld. Theology Today. Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
  11. ^ Erickson, Hal. Seinfeld: Overview. All Movie Guide. Allmovie (previously All Movie Guide) is a commercial database of information about Movie stars movies and television shows. Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
  12. ^ Seinfeld. BBC. Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
  13. ^ a b Grenz, Stanley J. (February 1996). Stanley James Grenz ( January 7, 1950 Alpena MI - March 11, 2005) was an American Christian theologian and ethicist A Primer on Postmodernism. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. ISBN 0-8028-0864-6.  
  14. ^ Hurd, R. Wesley (June 1998). Postmodernism: A New Model of Reality. McKenzie Study Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper
  15. ^ CNN-Seinfeld. CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Retrieved on 2007-12-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies
  16. ^ Caryn James. Goodbye! Already. New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-12-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies
  17. ^ Seinfeld influence. People. com. Retrieved on 2007-12-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies
  18. ^ Seinfeld - NOW PLAYING
  19. ^ Seinfeld - NOW PLAYING
  20. ^ Seinfeld - NOW PLAYING
  21. ^ Seinfeld - NOW PLAYING
  22. ^ Boudreaux, Jonathan (2004-11-24). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Seinfeld: Season 1 & 2 DVD Review. tvdvdreviews. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil.
  23. ^ Handy, Bruce (January 12, 1998). It's All About Timing. Time. Retrieved on 2008-03-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.
  24. ^ TIME Magazine Cover: Jerry Seinfeld (1998-01-12). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
  25. ^ The 'Seinfeld' e-mail for April 8, 1998. CNN.com (1998-04-08). Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
  26. ^ Ryan, Joal (1998-03-27). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Clues to "Seinfeld" Sign Off. E! News. E! News is the E! network's nightly entertainment news show Talking about the latest in Hollywood gossip and celebrities Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
  27. ^ Forbes list. Retrieved on 2007-12-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the
  28. ^ Oprah and Seinfeld top TV's richest. Retrieved on 2007-12-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the
  29. ^ Seinfeld and advertising. Retrieved on 2007-12-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies
  30. ^ Emmy Awards official site "Sienfeld" "1993" emmys. org. Retrieved on May 8, 2008
  31. ^ 1st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards – Official Site "Sienfeld" sagawards. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common org'. Retrieved on March 14, 2008
  32. ^ 3rd Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards – Official Site "Sienfeld" sagawards. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common org'. Retrieved on March 14, 2008
  33. ^ 4th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards – Official Site "Sienfeld" sagawards. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common org'. Retrieved on March 14, 2008
  34. ^ Emmy Awards official site search "Sienfeld" and years "1992 to 1998" emmys. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common org. Retrieved on May 8, 2008
  35. ^ TV Ratings: 1992–1993. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ClassicTVHits. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
  36. ^ TV Ratings: 1993–1994. ClassicTVHits. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
  37. ^ TV Ratings: 1994–1995. ClassicTVHits. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
  38. ^ TV Ratings: 1995–1996. ClassicTVHits. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
  39. ^ TV Ratings: 1996–1997. ClassicTVHits. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
  40. ^ TV Ratings: 1997–1998. ClassicTVHits. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
  41. ^ Hall, Sarah (2006-08-27). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Emmys Clock into "24," "Office". E! News. E! News is the E! network's nightly entertainment news show Talking about the latest in Hollywood gossip and celebrities Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
  42. ^ "Kramer's" Racist Tirade -- Caught on Tape. TMZ.com (2006-11-20). TMZcom is a celebrity gossip and news website the result of a collaboration between AOL and Telepictures Productions, a division of Warner Bros Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
  43. ^ Baerg, Greg (2002-03-05). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a 'Curb's' Larry David: 'Seinfeld' Curse 'Idiotic'. Zap2it. com. Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
  44. ^ [Seinfeld on The Daily Show]. 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
  45. ^ "A look at some of the biggest hits in film and TV product placement", The Hollywood Reporter, 2005-04-28. The Hollywood Reporter is a major trade publication of the Film industry in the United States. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw  
  46. ^ a b c d e f Seinfeld region 1 DVD release dates. TVShowsOnDVD.com. TVShowsOnDVDcom is a Website dedicated to cataloging campaigning for and reporting news about Region 1 Television series releases on DVD Retrieved on 2008-03-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow.
  47. ^ Season 3 DVD: Inside Look of 'The Note'
  48. ^ Season 3 DVD: 'The Note' commentary
  49. ^ The Greatest American Hero.

General references

External links

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