Sedation is a medical procedure involving the administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure with local anaesthesia. A medical procedure is a course of action intended to achieve a result in the care of patients used by medical or paramedical personnel A sedative, or more specifically a sedative-hypnotic, is a substance that depresses the Central nervous system (CNS resulting in calmness relaxation sleepiness Local anesthesia is any technique to render part of the body insensitive to pain without affecting consciousness
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Uses
Sedation is typically used in procedures such as endoscopy, vasectomy, or minor surgery and in dentistry for reconstructive surgery, some cosmetic surgeries, removal of impacted wisdom teeth, or for high-anxiety patients. Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an instrument called an endoscope. Vasectomy is a surgical procedure in which the vasa deferentia of a man are cut for the purpose of sterilization. Dentistry' is the "evaluation diagnosis prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical surgical or related procedures of diseases disorders and/or conditions of the oral cavity Sedation methods in dentistry include inhalation sedation (using nitrous oxide), oral sedation, and intravenous (IV) sedation. Dentistry' is the "evaluation diagnosis prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical surgical or related procedures of diseases disorders and/or conditions of the oral cavity Nitrous oxide, commonly known as " laughing gas," is a Chemical compound with the Chemical formula N 2 O. Inhalation sedation is also sometimes referred to as Relative Analgesia.
Sedation is also used extensively in the intensive care unit so that patients who are being ventilated tolerate having an endotracheal tube in their trachea. An intensive care unit (ICU critical care unit (CCU intensive therapy unit or intensive treatment unit (ITU is a specialized department used in In Medicine, mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing when patients cannot do so on their own The traceartes, or windpipe, is a tube that has an inner diameter of about 20-25 mm and a length of about 10-16 cm in humans
Risks
Airway obstruction, apnoea and hypotension are not uncommon during sedation and require the presence of health professionals who are suitably trained to detect and manage these problems. Airway obstruction is a respiratory problem caused by increased resistance in the Bronchioles (usually from a decreased radius of the bronchioles that reduces the In Physiology and Medicine, hypotension refers to an abnormally low Blood pressure. A health care provider or health professional is an organization or person who delivers proper Health care in a systematic way professionally to any individual in
Levels of sedation
Sedation scales are used in medical situations in conjunction with a medical history in assessing the applicable degree of sedation in patients in order to avoid under-sedation (the patient risks experiencing pain or distress) and over-sedation (the patient risks side effects such as suppression of breathing, which might lead to death). Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Typically, levels are (i) agitation, (ii) calm, (iii) responsive to voice only, (iv) responsive to shaking only, (v) responsive to pain only, and (vi) not responsive.
Examples of sedation scales include: MSAT (Minnesota Sedation Assessment Tool), UMSS (University of Michigan Sedation Scale) and the Ramsay Scale (Ramsay, et al. 1974)
See also
- Terminal sedation
- Postprandial sedation
External links
- Sedation in the Emergency Room - Article by Steven Conrad, MD
- IV Sedation and Dentistry
- Oral Sedation and Dentistry
- Dr.A's Dental Journal - Do Anxious Dental Patients Really Need Oral Sedation?
- Sedation: What to expect
- Conscious sedation in dentistry in the UK
- Standards in Conscious Sedation for Dentistry
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