Secretary of State is a commonly used title for a government official. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless whether it carries an actual working space with it in an Organisation or The role varies between countries, and in some cases there are multiple Secretaries of State in the government.
In many countries, a secretary of state is a mid-level official. In the United Kingdom and the Holy See, a secretary of state is a senior official. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic In the federal government of the United States, the Secretary of State is the official responsible for foreign policy. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. Foreign Policy is a bimonthly American Magazine founded in 1970 by Samuel P
Contents |
Argentina
A Secretary of State (Secretario de Estado) in Argentina (federal government), is a high official with the same rank of a Minister who is responsible directly to the President. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The position must be distinguished from a "Secretary", a lower position, responsible to a Minister.
The official responsible for foreign policy is called Minister of Foreign Affairs (Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores) or "Chancellor" (Canciller). wikipedia lies so bad see im talking on it lol it lies and u suck u r a homo
Belgium
As in France, a Secretary of State in Belgium is a junior minister who is responsible to a minister or the Prime Minister. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those For example, Vincent Van Quickenborne was a Secretary of State charged with the simplification of the administration, and in this role he was accountable to the Prime Minister. Vincent Paul Marie Van Quickenborne (born August 1, 1973 in Ghent, Belgium) is a Belgian politician as a member of the Flemish Liberal This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. Secretaries of state do not fall under the constitutional provision that there should be an equal number of Francophone and Dutch-speaking ministers (with the possible exception of the prime minister). lol u suck
Canada
The Canadian Cabinet used to have a Secretary of State for External Affairs who acted as the country's Foreign Minister, but this position was abolished in 1993 and a new position of Minister of Foreign Affairs was created. The Cabinet of Canada (Cabinet du Canada plays an important role in the Government of Canada, in accordance with the Westminster System. A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a governmental cabinet minister who helps form the Foreign policy of a sovereign nation The Minister of Foreign Affairs (Ministre des Affaires étrangères is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for overseeing the federal From 1867 to 1993 there was also a Secretary of State for Canada who was a Cabinet minister whose duties varied over time but who was responsible for the Department of Secretary of State until the position was abolished. The position of Secretary of State for Canada was a Canadian Cabinet position with a corresponding department From 1993, some junior ministers are styled Secretary of State, and assigned specific policy areas to assist Cabinet ministers. From 1993 to 2003 and again since 2007 the title of Secretary of State has been given to officials in the Government of Canada. However, these junior ministers are not themselves members of Cabinet. A similar role is played by Ministers of State, however Ministers are members of the cabinet. A minister of state is a senior cabinet minister in the Canadian Cabinet, usually given specific responsibilities to assist a senior cabinet minister in a specific area
Finland
A Secretary of State, valtiosihteeri, is the highest official below each minister. Ministers, who lead ministries (government departments), comprise the Finnish Council of State. The Council of State ( Finnish: Valtioneuvosto Swedish: Statsrådet; officially rendered Finnish Government) is Finland Each Secretary of State is appointed for the term of the minister, and is responsible to the minister.
This is a new arrangement; during the introduction of this model, a secretary was called "political state secretary" (poliittinen valtiosihteeri). In contrast, previously only two ministries, ministries of finance and foreign affairs, used to have Secretaries of State, who were permanently appointed. One such example is Raimo Sailas.
France
In France, a Secretary of State is a junior minister, responsible to a minister or the Prime Minister. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. It is not to be confused with the Minister of State title given to a senior French cabinet minister of particular importance. Minister of State is a title borne by politicians or officials in certain countries governed under a Parliamentary system.
Under the Ancien Régime, Secretaries of State were Crown officers whose responsibilities were similar to those of today's governmental ministers. Ancien Régime ( pronounced: /ɑ̃sjɛ̃ ʁeʒim/ refers primarily to the aristocratic social and political system established in The Secretary of State was the name of several official governmental positions &ndash supervising war foreign affairs the navy the king's household the clergy Paris and protestant French government ministers are members of the Prime Minister 's Government or cabinet although in French the term " Cabinet " is rarely used to describe
Germany
The German Staatssekretär is a Beamter (civil servant) who is second only to the minister in a state or federal ministry. The office of Staatssekretär is similar that of vice minister or deputy minister in other countries. It is a political office, meaning that it is assigned by appointment based on political criteria such as party affiliation, rather than by career progression as a civil servant, although he is the administrative head of the ministry
A special case is the Parlamentarische Staatssekretär (parliamentary secretary of state), which is a member of parliament who is appointed to a ministry as a Staatssekretär. Such posts, which were intended to improve the connection between a ministry and the parliament, have recently become subject of some controversy. Critics claim that parliamentary secretaries of state are usually given little to no influence and responsibility within their ministry. All the while they are paid very generously due to receiving two salaries, both as secretary of state and as member of parliament. For example, when interviewed about his post as a parliamentary minister of state in the German Foreign Office during an investigation into visa abuse, Ludger Volmer claimed that he had been cut off from the workflow within the ministry, and called the Staatsminister office an "Unding" (absurdity). The visa affair is the name given by German newspapers to the controversy which arose in early 2005 over a change of procedure of issuing visas to foreign nationals The German Foreign Office and the German Chancellery are using a slightly different title, and are calling their parliamentary secretaries of state Staatsminister (Minister of State). The Chancellor's Office (Chancellery (in German Bundeskanzleramt, or more commonly Kanzleramt) is the office of the Chancellor, the head of the Minister of State is a title borne by politicians or officials in certain countries governed under a Parliamentary system.
Holy See
The Cardinal Secretary of State presides over the Secretariat of State, which is the most important dicastery of the Roman Curia, as it organizes, makes appointments to, and directs the activities of the other dicasteries. The Cardinal Secretary of State &mdashofficially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope &mdashpresides over the Vatican Secretariat of State, which The Secretariat of State is the oldest Dicastery in the Roman Curia, the government of the Roman Catholic Church. Dicastery (from Greek δικαστήριον, law-court from δικάστης, judge/juror is an Italicism sometimes used in English to refer to the The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Roman Catholic Church, together with the Pope The secretariat is also responsible for the Holy See's foreign relations. The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic During a sede vacante, the former Secretary of State (the appointment expires when the pope dies or resigns) assumes some of the functions of the head of state as a part of a temporary commission. Sede vacante is the vacancy of the Episcopal see of a Particular church in the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state
Indonesia
In Indonesia, the State Secretary (Sekretaris Negara) is a Government official of Ministerial rank who heads the State Secretariat. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The State Secretary gives technical and administrational assistance to the President and Vice President in running State affairs. In the President's case, the State Secretary also provides assistance for the President in his role as Supreme Commander of TNI. In addition, the State Secretary provides the President and Vice President with their reports, coordinates household matters and protocols, as well as assisting in the drafting of bills and/or Governmental regulations. The Bills were a youth subculture that thrived in Léopoldville (modern-day Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo) in the late
Luxembourg
Luxembourgian Secretaries of State (French: secrétaire d'Etat, Luxembourgish: Staatssekretär(in), German: Staatssekretär(in)) are members of the cabinet, and are ranked below ministers. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Luxembourgish (lb Lëtzebuergesch Luxembourgeois Luxemburgisch Luxemburgs Lussimbordjwès also called Luxembourgian, also spelled Luxemburgish, is one of The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. They are given specific briefs, covering the same briefs as the ministers, and help to assist their respective ministers to perform their functions. They often hold more than one brief or assist more than one minister. In the current cabinet, there is one Secretary of State, Octavie Modert, who is responsible for Relations with Parliament; Agriculture, Viticulture, and Rural Development; and Culture, Higher Education, and Research. The Juncker-Asselborn Ministry is the current government of Luxembourg. Octavie Modert (born 15 November 1966 in Grevenmacher) is a politician from Luxembourg. There had been two in the previous cabinet, and three between 1984 and 1989. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar)
Mexico
In Mexico a Secretary of State is a member of the Mexican Executive Cabinet who responds to the President of the Republic. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Mexican Executive Cabinet is a part of the executive branch of the Mexican government The Constitutional Citizen President of the United Mexican States (the official title in Spanish is Ciudadano Presidente Constitucional de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Netherlands
In the Netherlands a staatssecretaris (plural: staatssecretarissen; English: state secretary) is a deputy minister, junior minister or vice-minister . Staatssecretarissen are members of cabinet, who work under a minister. A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. They fall under the responsibility of the minister, but are separately responsible to parliament. They take over part of the minister's portfolio. Some staatssecretarissen have clearly defined portfolios like culture, science or the environment, while others' portfolios overlap with their minister's. Staatssecretarissen almost always have a different political affiliation than their minister. Staatssecretarissen do not attend the weekly council of ministers unless asked to do so.
Norway
A statssekretær in Norway plays more or less the same role as the French equivalent. Secretaries of State are connected to specific ministry, and serve as a de facto vice minister.
Orange Free State
In the Orange Free State (1854-1902) the Secretary of State was the original the title of the main administrative officer of the State, who worked closely with both the State President as head of state and head of government, and his cabinet, and with the Volksraad, the parliament of the Orange Free State. The Republic of the Orange Free State (Oranje-Vrystaat Dutch: Oranje-Vrijstaat) was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. South Africa The Volksraad (English " People's Council " was the Parliament of the former South African Republic (ZAR (also sometimes The Republic of the Orange Free State (Oranje-Vrystaat Dutch: Oranje-Vrijstaat) was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa The title of State Secretary was replaced by that of Government Secretary soon after the formation of the state apparatus and was thereafter never used again.
Portugal
In Portugal the term Secretário de Estado (plural: Secretários de Estado; feminine: Secretária de Estado; English: state secretary) was used to designate the heads of the government departments since the XVII century. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. In the XIX century the term Ministro (English: minister) started to be used instead. Curiously the government junior ministers continued to be known as Subsecretário de Estado (English: under-secretary of state). Although in disuse as such, only in 1958 the term Secretário de Estado became the formal meaning of a different post of that of a Ministro (cabinet minister). Since then, the Secretários de Estado are junior ministers, subordinated to a cabinet minister.
Russia
In Russia, part of the function of Secretary of State is carried on by the Foreign Minister of Russia. This page lists foreign ministers of Russian Empire, Soviet Union, and Russian Federation: Heads of Posolsky Prikaz, 1549-1699 The situation is confused by the break-up of the USSR and the fact that each member of the old USSR had a secretary (or head) for each republic. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
List of people who were Secretary of State
- Count Karl Nesselrode, State Secretary in 1814, Foreign Minister in 1816
- Count Giovanni Antonio Capo d'Istria in 1816
- M. Baltic-German Count Karl Robert Nesselrode ( December 14, 1780 - March 23, 1862) was a Russian diplomat and a leading Secretary of State is a commonly used title for a Government Official. Count Ioannis Antonios Kapodistrias (Κόμης Ιωάννης Καποδίστριας - Komis Ioannis Kapodistrias in Giovanni Capo d'Istria Conte Capo d'Istria de Freigang sometime in the 1820-1828 time period
- Sergei Witte 1903-1905
- Andrei Gromyko in 1979
- Gennady Burbulis in 1993
- Igor Ivanov until 2003
- Pavel Borodin in 2003
San Marino
In the Republic of San Marino a Secretary of State is a senior Cabinet Minister in charge of a State Department. Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte (Сергей Юльевич Витте Sergey Yul'evich Vitte) ( 29 June, 1849 - 13 March, 1915) also Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko (Андре́й Андре́евич Громы́ко Андрэй Андрэевіч Грамыка July 2 1989 was a Soviet politician Igor Sergeyevich Ivanov (И́горь Серге́евич Ивано́в (b Pavel Pavlovich Borodin (Павел Павлович Бородин (born October 25[[ 946]] is a Russian official and politician The Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino is a country in the Apennine Mountains. The Secretary of State is a member of the Council of Ministers (Congresso di Stato).
South African Republic (Transvaal)
In the South African Republic (Transvaal) the Secretary of State was the main administrative officer of the State, working closely with both the State President as head of state and head of government, and with the Volksraad, the parliament of the South African Republic. This article is about the former country in Africa For the present-day country see South Africa; for the region where both are located see Southern Africa For the Russian theme park see Transvaal Park. The Transvaal (Afrikaans lit President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. South Africa The Volksraad (English " People's Council " was the Parliament of the former South African Republic (ZAR (also sometimes This article is about the former country in Africa For the present-day country see South Africa; for the region where both are located see Southern Africa
Spain
A Secretario de Estado is a junior minister. Each ministry may have several Secretaries of State. For example the Secretary of State for Latin America works for the Minister of Foreign Affairs
Sweden
Each cabinet minister of the Swedish government has a State Secretary, who is the closest person working with the cabinet minister. The Spanish Minister for Foreign Affairs ( Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores) is the member of the Spanish Council of Ministers responsible for Spain's foreign State Secretary of Sweden, (Swedish statssekreterare Each Cabinet minister of the Swedish government has a State Secretary who is the closest person working
Switzerland
In the Swiss federal administration, secretaries of state are the most senior career officials. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The title is conferred by the Swiss Federal Council on heads of federal offices whose duties entail independent interaction with senior foreign authorities (cf. The Swiss Federal Council (Schweizerischer Bundesrat Conseil fédéral suisse Consiglio federale svizzero Cussegl federal article 46 of the Government and Administration Organisation Act). In practice, the function of a secretary of state is the same as in France.
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, a secretary of state is a cabinet minister in charge of a government department (though not all departments are headed by a Secretary of State, e. In the United Kingdom, a Secretary of State is a Cabinet Minister in charge of a Government Department (though not all departments are headed In the Politics of the United Kingdom, the Cabinet is a formal body composed of the most senior government ministers chosen by the Prime Minister A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. Her Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom contains a number of Ministers and Secretaries of State. g. HM Treasury is headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer). HM Treasury, in full Her Majesty's Treasury, informally The Treasury, is the United Kingdom government department responsible for developing and executing The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British Cabinet minister who is responsible for all Economic and Financial There is in theory only one office of Secretary of State, and legislation generally refers only to "the Secretary of State". In practice, there are a number of Secretaries of State, each of whom can exercise the functions of the Secretary of State, and formally titled "Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for . . . ". These positions can be created without primary legislation.
United States
Federal government
In the United States federal government, Secretary of State has the unique meaning of the official responsible for foreign policy. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Foreign Policy is a bimonthly American Magazine founded in 1970 by Samuel P In most other countries, this official is called the foreign secretary or foreign minister. A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a governmental cabinet minister who helps form the Foreign policy of a sovereign nation The U. S. Secretary of State is head of the United States Department of State. In the presidential line of succession the Secretary of State is the highest-ranking member of the Cabinet and fourth overall. The presidential line of succession defines who may become or act as President of the United States upon the incapacity death resignation or removal from office (by Impeachment The United States Cabinet (usually simplified as "the Cabinet" is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the Executive branch of the Federal government The Secretary of State is also the first cabinet member in the order of precedence, and there is a space between the Secretary of State and other cabinet members where the order allows room for former presidents and first ladies, and widows of U. The United States Order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the government of the United States. S. presidents. The position is widely regarded as the senior most of the cabinet. The current U. S. Secretary of State is Condoleezza Rice, the second woman to hold the position, following Madeleine Albright. Condoleezza Rice (born November 14 1954 is the 66th United States Madeleine Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana Korbelová on May 15, 1937) was the first woman to become United States Secretary of State. Secretary Rice is also the second African-American to hold the position, following President Bush's first Secretary of State, former General Colin Powell.
(The current, more general-purpose name "Department/Secretary of State" was adopted two months after the Constitution because some miscellaneous, domestic duties had been added to the existing Department of Foreign Affairs. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. The United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs was a position that existed in the United States government from January 10, 1781 to September )
U. S. States
In most of the individual states of the United States, the Secretary of State is an administrative officer responsible for certain governmental functions. Secretary of State is an official in the State governments of 47 of the 50 states of the United States, as well as Puerto Rico and other U The specifics depend on the constitution and laws of the particular state, but often include responsibility for overseeing elections within the state. In three states (Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia), the position is called "Secretary of the Commonwealth".
Dictionary
Secretary of State
-noun
- Any of several senior government positions whose function varies from nation to nation.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic