Second Intifada
Part of the Arab-Israeli conflict, Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Date September 2000 - Location West Bank, Gaza Strip, Israel Result Ongoing
Belligerents
Israel Israel Defense Forces	Palestinian people Fatah Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Hamas Islamic Jihad Popular Resistance Committees
Commanders
Ehud Barak Ariel Sharon Ehud Olmert	Yasser Arafat Mahmoud Abbas Ahmed Yasin Ismail Haniyeh Mohammed Deif
Casualties and losses
1,053 Israelis total: - 719 Israeli civilians killed by Palestinians; - 334 Israeli security force personnel killed by Palestinians[1]	5,322 Palestinians total: - 4,745 Palestinians killed by Israeli security forces;* - 44 Palestinians killed by Israeli civilians; - 577 Palestinians killed by Palestinians[1]
64 Foreign citizens total: - 54 Foreign citizens killed by Palestinians; - 10 Foreign citizens killed by Israeli security forces[1]
*For the controversial issue of the Palestinian civilian/combatant breakdown, see Casualties. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn Fatah (فتح literally opening, is a reverse Acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (حركة التحرير The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP) ( Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Tahrīr Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين - Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC are various Palestinian militant organizations which operate in the Gaza Strip and are regarded as terrorist organizations Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician former Prime Minister, and (אריאל Ehud Olmert (אהוד אולמרט ɛˈhud ˈolmeʁt born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel and the former leader Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 Mahmoud Abbas (محمود عباس (born March 26, 1935) also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (ابو مازن was elected President Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Yassin (1937 – March 22 2004 ( Arabic: ar الشيخ أحمد ياسين was the co-founder with Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, of Hamas Ismail Haniyeh ( Arabic: إسماعيل هنية sometimes transliterated as Ismail Haniya or Ismail Haniyah) (born January 1963 is a Mohammed Deif ( محمد ضيف) Born in 1960, is a commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas.

The Second Intifada, also known as the al-Aqsa Intifada (Arabic: انتفاضة الأقصى‎, Intifāḍat El Aqṣa or Intifāḍat Al Aqṣa; Hebrew: אינתיפאדת אל אקצה‎ (or hyphenated אינתיפאדת אל-אקצה), Intifādat El-Aqtzah) refers to the second Palestinian uprising which began in September 2000. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn

"Intifada" (also Romanized to Intifadah) is an Arabic word that literally translates into English as "shaking off" and "Al-Aqsa" is the name of a prominent mosque in the Old City of Jerusalem. In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Al-Aqsa Mosque ( Arabic:المسجد الاقصى /æl'mæsdʒɪd æl'ɑqsˁɑ/ {{Audio|ArAqsaMosque A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger The Old City (העיר העתיקה HaIr HaAtika, البلدة القديمة al-Balda al-Qadimah) is a 0 Most Israelis consider it to be a terrorist campaign whereas supporters describe it as a war of national liberation against foreign occupation. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion

Palestinian tactics ranged from carrying out mass protests and general strikes, as in the First Intifada, to armed attacks on security forces, mounting suicide bombing attacks, and firing Qassam rockets into Israeli residential areas. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn A general strike is a Strike action by a critical mass of the labour force in a city region or country The First Intifada (1987–1993 (also " Intifada " and "war of the stones" was a mass Palestinian uprising against Israeli This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons The Qassam rocket ( صاروخ القسام; also Kassam) is a simple steel Rocket filled with explosives produced by Hamas. Israeli tactics consisted of creating checkpoints, enforcing strict curfews in certain areas, riot control (sometimes shooting stone throwers along with better-armed rioters), returning fire, mounting incursions, constructing the West Bank barrier, demolishing houses, destroying shops without permits, conducting arrests, and implementing targeted attacks upon militant and terrorist leaders (sometimes with collateral damage and civilian casualties). A curfew can be one of the following An order by a Government for certain persons to return home daily before a certain time West bank walljpg|thumb|Aerial view looking east from the Israeli side Collateral damage is damage that is unintended or incidental to the intended outcome Civilian casualties is a Military term describing Civilian or Non-combatant persons killed or injured by military action

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) codenamed the events (prior to their outbreak) אירועי גאות ושפל ("Ebb and Tide events"). The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit This name remained an internal codename used by the Israeli Security Forces, but among Israelis at large, the Intifada is generally referred to as al-Aqsa Intifada. Security forces in Israel include a variety of organizations including law enforcement, Military, Paramilitary, governmental

It is also called the Oslo War (מלחמת אוסלו) by Israelis who consider it to be the result of concessions made by Israel following the Oslo Accords,^[2][3][4] and Arafat's War, after the late Palestinian leader whom some blame for starting it. Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 Both Israelis and Palestinians have blamed each other for the failure of the Oslo peace process.

As of 2008, this Intifada has yet to be officially ended and the Israeli NGO B'Tselem maintains a list of the casualties up to the present time. B'Tselem (בצלם "in the image of" as in Genesis) is an Israeli Non-governmental organization (NGO that describes ^[1]

The death toll, both military and civilian, over the entire period in question (2000-2008) is estimated to be over 5,300 Palestinians and over 1,000 Israelis. To date, 64 foreign citizens have also been killed. ^[1]

Contents 1 Prior events 2 Timeline 2.1 2000 2.1.1 Sharon visits the Temple Mount 2.1.2 October 2000 events 2.1.3 Ramallah Lynchings and Israeli Response 2.2 2001 2.3 2002 2.3.1 Jenin 2.3.2 Bethlehem 2.4 2003 2.5 2004 2.6 2005 2.7 2006 3 Tactics 3.1 Palestinians 3.2 Israel 4 International involvement 5 Effects on Oslo Accords 6 Casualties 6.1 Combatant versus noncombatant deaths 6.2 2006 6.3 Male versus female 6.4 Children, age 17 and under 6.5 Palestinians killed by Palestinians 7 Economic costs 8 Notes 9 See also 9.1 Violence during the Second Intifada 10 External links 10.1 Non-characterized 10.2 Pro-Palestinian 10.3 Pro-Israel

Prior events

Under the Oslo Accords, Israel committed to the phased withdrawal of its forces from parts of the Gaza Strip and West Bank, and affirmed the Palestinian right to self-government within those areas through the creation of a Palestinian Authority. Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria Self-governance is an abstract concept that refers to several scales of Organization. For their part, the Palestine Liberation Organization formally recognized Israel and committed to adopting responsibility for internal security in population centers in the areas evacuated. The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO) (منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary Palestinian self-rule was to last for a five-year interim period during which a permanent agreement would be negotiated. However, the realities on the ground left both sides deeply disappointed with the Oslo process.

In the five years immediately following the signing of the Oslo accords, 405 Palestinians were killed and 256 Israelis were killed, which for the latter represented a casualty count higher than that of the previous fifteen years combined (216, 172 of which were killed during the First Intifada). The First Intifada (1987–1993 (also " Intifada " and "war of the stones" was a mass Palestinian uprising against Israeli

In 1995, Shimon Peres took the place of Yitzhak Rabin, assassinated by Yigal Amir, a Jewish extremist opposed to the Oslo peace agreement. (שמעון פרס born Szymon Perski on August 2 1923, is the ninth President of the State of Israel. The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin took place on November 4, 1995, at 2130 at the end of a rally in support of the Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is a frequently vandalized article and vandalism is reverted immediately In the 1996 elections, Israelis elected a right-wing ^[5] coalition led by the Likud candidate, Benjamin Netanyahu who was followed in 1999 by the Labor Party leader Ehud Barak. Likud (ליכוד lit Consolidation) is the major centre-right political party in Israel. (בִּנְיָמִין "ביבי" נְתַנְיָהוּ Binyamin "Bibi" Netanyahu, born October 21 1949, Tel Aviv) was Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician former Prime Minister, and

While Rabin had limited settlement construction at the request of US Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright,^[5] Netanyahu continued construction within existing Israeli settlements,^[6] and put forward plans for the construction of a new neighborhood, Har Homa, in East Jerusalem. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Madeleine Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana Korbelová on May 15, 1937) was the first woman to become United States Secretary of State. Har Homa, (הר חומה trans: Wall Mountain; جبل أبو غنيم translit Jabal Abu Ghneim) is a Jewish neighborhood in southeastern East Jerusalem refers to the part of Jerusalem captured by Jordan in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and subsequently by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. However, he fell far short of the Shamir government's 1991-92 level and refrained from building new settlements, although the Oslo agreements stipulated no such ban. ^[5] Construction of Housing Units Before Oslo: 1991-92 13,960, After Oslo: 1994-95 3,840 1996-1997 3,570.

Barak courted moderate settler opinion, with the aim of marginalizing the more militant wing, securing agreement for the dismantlement of 12 new outposts that had been constructed since the Wye River Agreement of November 1998,^[7] but the continued expansion of existing settlements with plans for 3,000 new houses in the West Bank, drew strong condemnation from the Palestinian leadership. The Wye River Memorandum was a political agreement negotiated to implement the earlier Interim Agreement of 28 September 1995 brokered by the United States between The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria Though construction within existing settlements was permitted under the Oslo agreements, Palestinian supporters contend that any continued construction was contrary to its spirit,^[5] prejudiced the outcome of final status negotiations, and undermined confidence in Barak's desire for peace. ^[7] The Palestinians not only built in areas A & B as well as State lands that Israel ceded, but throughout area C administered by Israel.

Some have claimed that Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Authority (PA) had pre-planned the Intifada. Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 ^[8] They often quote a speech made in December 2000 by Imad Falouji, the PA Communications Minister at the time, where he explains that the violence had been planned since Arafat's return from the Camp David Summit in July, far in advance of Sharon's visit (view video of the speech). The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister He stated that the Intifada "was carefully planned since the return of (Palestinian President) Yasser Arafat from Camp David negotiations rejecting the U. Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 S. conditions. "^[9] David Samuels quotes Mamduh Nofal, former military commander of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, who supplies more evidence of pre-September 28 military preparations. David J Samuels, a Political Science Professor at the University of Minnesota, earned his PhD at the University of California at The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP ( Arabic: ' الجبهة الديموقراطية لتحرير فلسطين', transliterated Al-Jabha Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Nofal recounts that Arafat "told us, Now we are going to the fight, so we must be ready". Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 ^[10]

Following Israel's pullout from Lebanon in May 2000, the PLO official Farouk Kaddoumi told reporters: "We are optimistic. The Israeli Security Zone in southern Lebanon was a strip of territory of varying width 5 to 25km from the Israeli border and the occupied Golan Heights Farouk al-Kaddoumi (alternative transliteration Faruq al-Qaddumi) (فاروق القدومي also known as Abu al-Lutf, born in 1931 Hezbollah's resistance can be used as an example for other Arabs seeking to regain their rights. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding "^[11]

Starting as early as September 13, 2000, members of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement carried out a number of attacks on Israeli military and civilian targets, in violation of Oslo Accords. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 Fatah (فتح literally opening, is a reverse Acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (حركة التحرير Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles In addition, the Israeli agency Palestinian Media Watch alleged that the Palestinian official TV broadcasts became increasingly militant during the summer of 2000, as Camp David negotiations faltered. ^[12]

In the Mitchell Report,^[13] (the investigatory committee set up to look into the causes behind the breakdown in the peace process), the government of Israel asserted that:

the immediate catalyst for the violence was the breakdown of the Camp David negotiations on 25 July 2000 and the "widespread appreciation in the international community of Palestinian responsibility for the impasse. The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. " In this view, Palestinian violence was planned by the PA leadership, and was aimed at "provoking and incurring Palestinian casualties as a means of regaining the diplomatic initiative. "

The Palestine Liberation Organization, according to the same report, denied that the Intifada was planned, and asserted that "Camp David represented nothing less than an attempt by Israel to extend the force it exercises on the ground to negotiations. "^[13] The report also stated:

From the perspective of the PLO, Israel responded to the disturbances with excessive and illegal use of deadly force against demonstrators; behavior which, in the PLO’s view, reflected Israel’s contempt for the lives and safety of Palestinians. For Palestinians, the widely seen images of Muhammad al-Durrah in Gaza on September 30, shot as he huddled behind his father, reinforced that perception. Muhammad Jamal al-Durrah (1988-2000 محمد جمال الدرة was a Palestinian boy reported to have been killed by gunfire from the Israel Defense Forces (IDF Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the

Timeline

2000

On September 27, Sgt. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again David Biri was killed;^[14] some Israeli sources view this as the start of the Intifada. ^[15] Others view Sharon's visit to the Temple Mount/Al-Haram Al-Sharif mosque on September 28 as the initiating event. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. ^[16][17] Finally, others believe it started a day later, due to the introduction of police and military presence the day following Sharon's visit, the day of prayers. ^[18][19]

Sharon visits the Temple Mount

On September 28, the Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon, with a Likud party delegation, and surrounded by hundreds of Israeli riot police, visited the mosque compound of the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. (אריאל The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram The Old City (העיר העתיקה HaIr HaAtika, البلدة القديمة al-Balda al-Qadimah) is a 0 ^[20] The compound is the holiest site in Judaism and the third holiest site in Islam. See also Religious significance of Jerusalem Since the 10th century BCE Jerusalem in Judaism has been the holiest city, focus and spiritual centre of There are many Holy sites in various Islāmic traditions For all muslims the Ka'bah is considered the Holiest shrine followed by Masjidun Nabawi ( The Prophet's Mosque Sharon did not actually go into the al-Aqsa Mosque, and went during normal tourist hours. The Temple Mount is also the holiest site in Judaism, of which the Western Wall is the last remnant of the Jewish Temple. The stated purpose for Sharon's visit of the compound was to assert the right of all Israelis to visit the Temple Mount^[21][22]; however, according to Likud spokesman Ofir Akounis, the purpose was to "show that under a Likud government [the Temple Mount] will remain under Israeli sovereignty. " ^[23] In response to accusations by Ariel Sharon of government readiness to concede "Israeli sovereignty" over the site to Palestinians, the Israeli government gave Sharon permission to visit the area. When alerted of his intentions, senior Palestinian figures, such as Yassir Arafat, Saeb Erekat, and Faisal Husseini all asked Sharon to call off his visit. Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 Saeb Erakat (also 'Saib' 'Erakat' (Full name Sa'ib Muhammad Salih 'Urayqat Faisal Abdel Qader Al-Husseini (فيصل عبدالقادر الحسيني ( July 17, 1940 – May 31, 2001) was a Palestinian politician ^[24] The Palestinians, some 10 days earlier, had just observed their annual memorial day for the Sabra and Shatila massacre, conducted when Sharon was Defense Minister. This page is related to the 1982 events only For the 1985&ndash1987 events see War of the camps. ^[24]

His visit was condemned by the Palestinians as a provocation and an incursion, as were his armed bodyguards that arrived on the scene with him. Critics claim that Sharon knew that the visit could trigger violence, and that the purpose of his visit was political. According to Yossef Bodansky,

Clinton's proposal [. Yossef Bodansky (born in Israel) is an Israeli-American Political scientist who served as Director of the Congressional Task Force on Terrorism and . . ] included explicit guarantees that Jews would have the right to visit and pray in and around the Temple Mount. The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram . . Once Sharon was convinced that Jews had free access to the Temple Mount, there would be little the Israeli religious and nationalist Right could do to stall the peace process. When Sharon expressed interest in visiting the Temple Mount, Barak ordered GSS chief Ami Ayalon to approach Jibril Rajoub with a special request to facilitate a smooth and friendly visit [. Amihai "Ami" Ayalon (עמיחי איילון born 27 June 1945) is an Israeli politician and Knesset member representing the Labor Party Jibril Rajoub (born 1953) served as the National Security Advisor for the Preventive Security Service during the Arafat administration. . . ] Rajoub promised it would be smooth as long as Sharon would refrain from entering any of the mosques or praying publicly [. . . ] Just to be on the safe side, Barak personally approached Arafat and once again got assurances that Sharon's visit would be smooth as long as he did not attempt to enter the Holy Mosques [. Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician former Prime Minister, and Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 . . ] A group of Palestinian dignitaries came to protest the visit, as did three Arab Knesset Members. For Beit Knesset a Jewish Place of worship, see Synagogue. The Knesset (כנסת lit With the dignitaries watching from a safe distance, the Shahab (youth mob) threw rocks and attempted to get past the Israeli security personnel and reach Sharon and his entourage [. . . ] Still, Sharon's deportment was quiet and dignified. He did not pray, did not make any statement, or do anything else that might be interpreted as offensive to the sensitivities of Muslims. Even after he came back near the Wailing Wall under the hail of rocks, he remained calm. The Western Wall (הכותל המערבי translit: HaKotel HaMa'aravi) sometimes referred to as the Wailing Wall or simply the Kotel (lit "I came here as one who believes in coexistence between Jews and Arabs," Sharon told the waiting reporters. "I believe that we can build and develop together. This was a peaceful visit. Is it an instigation for Israeli Jews to come to the Jewish people's holiest site?"^[25]

Shlomo Ben-Ami, the then acting Israeli foreign minister, has maintained, however, that he received Palestinian assurances that no violence would occur, provided that Ariel Sharon not enter one of the mosques. Prof Shlomo Ben-Ami (שלמה בן עמי born 17 July 1943) is an Israeli diplomat politician and historian ^[26]

On September 29, 2000, the day after Sharon's visit, following Friday prayers, large riots broke out around the Old City of Jerusalem. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Old City (העיר העתיקה HaIr HaAtika, البلدة القديمة al-Balda al-Qadimah) is a 0 After Palestinians on the Temple Mount threw rocks over the Western Wall at Jewish worshipers and tourists below, wounding the district police commander, Israeli police stormed the Temple Mount and fired rubber-coated steel bullets at the rioters, killing four Palestinian youths and wounding as many as 200. The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram The Western Wall (הכותל המערבי translit: HaKotel HaMa'aravi) sometimes referred to as the Wailing Wall or simply the Kotel (lit ^[27] Another three Palestinians were killed in the Old City and on the Mount of Olives^[28]. The Mount of Olives (also Mount Olivet, جبل الزيتون الطور Jebel az-Zeitun הר הזיתים Har HaZeitim; is a mountain ridge in east By the end of the day, 7 Palestinians lay dead, and some 300 had been wounded ^[29]. 70 Israeli policemen were also injured in the clashes. ^{[30] [31]}

In the days that followed, demonstrations erupted all over the West Bank and Gaza, as violence escalated. The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories. In the first five days, at least 47 Palestinians were shot dead, and 1885 were wounded, as a result of both live fire and rubber-coated steel bullets used by the Israeli police. ^[32] In the West Bank city of Qalqilyah, a Palestinian police officer working with Israeli police on a joint patrol opened fire and killed his Israeli counterpart Supt. Qalqilyah ( Arabic قلقيلية Qalqīlyaḧ; Hebrew קַלְקִילִיָה) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank. Yosef Tabeja,^[33] an Israel Border Police officer. The Israel Border Police (מִשְׁמַר הַגְּבוּל Mishmar HaGvul) is the military branch ( Gendarmerie) of the Israeli Police.

According to the New York Times, many in the Arab world, including Egyptians, Palestinians, Lebanese and Jordanians, point to Sharon's visit as the beginning of the Second intifada and derailment of the peace process. ^[34]

October 2000 events

Main article: October 2000 events

The 'October 2000 events' refers to several days of disturbances and clashes inside Israel, mostly between Arab citizens and Israel Police. The October 2000 events is a term used to describe several days of protests in northern Israel that soon escalated into clashes between Arab citizens of Israel and Arab citizens of Israel refers to Arabs or Arabic -speaking people who are Citizens of Israel who are not Jewish. The Israel Police (משטרת ישראל Mishteret Yisrael) is a civilian force in the State of Israel. 13 Arab citizens of Israel and a Palestinian from the Gaza Strip were killed by the Police, while a Jewish citizen was killed when his car was hit by a rock on the Tel-Aviv-Haifa freeway. Highway 2 (כביש 2 Kvish 2) is an Israeli Highway located on the Coastal plain of the Mediterranean Sea.

A general strike and demonstrations across northern Israel began on October 1 and continued for several days. In some cases, the demonstrations escalated into clashes with the Israeli Police involving rock-throwing, firebombing, and live-fire. The Israel Police (משטרת ישראל Mishteret Yisrael) is a civilian force in the State of Israel. The Molotov cocktail, also known as the booze bomb, alcohol bomb or Molotov bomb, is a generic name used for a variety of improvised incendiary Policemen used tear-gas and opened fire with rubber-coated bullets and later live ammunition in some instances, many times in contravention with police protocol governing riot-dispersion, which was directly linked with many of the deaths by the Or Commission. Rubber bullets are Rubber or rubber-coated Projectiles fired from Firearms They are usually non-lethal, unless fired at short range but The Or Commission (ועדת אור full name ועדת החקירה הממלכתית לבירור ההתנגשויות בין כוחות הביטחון לבין אזרחים ישראלים

On October 8, thousands of Jewish Israelis participated in violent acts in Nazareth and Tel Aviv, some throwing stones at Arabs, destroying Arab property and chanting "Death to Arabs". Nazareth (ˈnæzərəθ (נָצְרַת Hebrew Natz'rat or Natzeret, الناصرة an-Nāṣira or an-Naseriyye) is the capital and largest Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel ^[35]

Following the riots, there was a high degree of tension between Jewish and Arab citizens and distrust between the Arab citizens and police. An investigation committee, headed by Supreme Court Justice Theodor Or, reviewed the violent riots and found that the police were poorly prepared to handle such riots and charged major officers with bad conduct. The Or Commission reprimanded Prime Minister Ehud Barak and recommended Shlomo Ben-Ami (then the Internal Security Minister) not serve again as Minister of Public Security. The Or Commission (ועדת אור full name ועדת החקירה הממלכתית לבירור ההתנגשויות בין כוחות הביטחון לבין אזרחים ישראלים Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician former Prime Minister, and Prof Shlomo Ben-Ami (שלמה בן עמי born 17 July 1943) is an Israeli diplomat politician and historian The committee also blamed Arab leaders and Knesset members for contributing to inflaming the atmosphere and making the violence more severe.

Ramallah Lynchings and Israeli Response

Main article: Lynching in Ramallah

On October 12, two Israeli reservists who entered Ramallah were arrested by the PA police. On October 12, 2000, two Israeli soldiers (Vadim Nurzhitz and Yossi Avrahami entered Ramallah and were arrested by the Palestinian Authority Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Ramallah ( Arabic:) (lit "Height of God" is a Palestinian city in the central West Bank adjacent to Al-Bireh with a population 118000 An agitated Palestinian mob stormed the police station, beat the soldiers to death, and threw their mutilated bodies into the street from a second floor window. The killings were captured on video by an Italian TV crew and broadcast on TV; . Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest ^[36][37] The brutality of the killings shocked the Israeli public^[38] and were condemned by Palestinian leaders.

In response, Israel launched a series of retaliatory air strikes against the Palestinian Authority.

2001

Ariel Sharon, at the time from the Likud party, ran against Ehud Barak from the Labour party. (אריאל Likud (ליכוד lit Consolidation) is the major centre-right political party in Israel. Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician former Prime Minister, and Sharon was elected Israeli Prime Minister in February in the 2001 special election to the Prime Ministership. Elections for Prime Minister were held in Israel on 6 February 2001 following the resignation of the incumbent Labour 's Ehud Barak

On May 7, 2001, the IDF naval commandos captured the vessel Santorini, which sailed in international waters towards Palestinian Authority-controlled Gaza. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Shayetet 13 (שייטת 13 lit Flotilla 13 is the Israel Defense Forces naval Special forces unit The Santorini is or was a ship which was captured in 2002 by the Israeli Shayetet 13 (13th Flotilla (Naval Commando Unit The ship was laden with weaponry. The Israeli investigation that followed alleged that the shipment had been purchased by Ahmed Jibril's Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (PFLP-GC). Ahmed Jibril (أحمد جبريل born c 1938 is the founder and leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين - القيادة The ship's value and that of its cargo was estimated at $10 million. The crew was reportedly planning to unload the cargo of weapons filled barrels — carefully sealed and waterproofed along with their contents — at a prearranged location off the Gaza coast, where the Palestinian Authority would recover them.

On June 1, 2001, a Hamas suicide bomber detonated himself in the Tel Aviv coastline Dolphinarium dancing club. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel The Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing refers to the Suicide bombing and Mass murder, carried out by a Palestinian militant of twenty-one civilians Twenty-one Israeli civilians, most of them high school students, were killed. The attack significantly hampered American attempts to negotiate cease-fire.

2002

In January, 2002, the IDF Shayetet 13 naval commando captured the Karine A, a large boat carrying weapons from Iran presumably intended to be used by Palestinian militants against Israel. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit Shayetet 13 (שייטת 13 lit Flotilla 13 is the Israel Defense Forces naval Special forces unit For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. It was discovered that top officials in the Palestinian Authority were involved in the smuggling. Israel claims that Yasser Arafat also was involved, a claim accepted by the Bush Administration. Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States.

A spate of suicide bombings launched against Israel elicited a military response. A suicide bombing dubbed the Passover Massacre (30 Israeli civilians were killed at Park hotel, Netanya) climaxed a bloody month of April 2002 (more than 130 Israelis, mostly civilians, killed in attacks). The Passover massacre (also known as the Netanya bombing) was a Suicide bombing carried out by a Palestinian terrorist in the Park Hotel at Netanya Israel launched Operation Defensive Shield. Background March and April 2002 saw a dramatic increase of Suicide bomb attacks against Israelis by Palestinian militant groups such as Hamas, The operation led to the apprehension of many members of militant groups, as well as their weaponry and equipment.

The UN estimated that 497 Palestinians were killed and 1,447 wounded during the IDF reoccupation of Palestinian areas between 1 March through 7 May and in the immediate aftermath. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses An estimated 70-80 Palestinians, including approximately 50 civilians, were killed in Nablus. Nablus ( sometimes Nābulus; Arabic:; næːblʊs is a Palestinian city in the northern West Bank, approximately north of Jerusalem Four IDF soldiers were killed there. ^[39]

Jenin

Main article: Battle of Jenin 2002

Between April 2nd and 11th, a siege and fierce fighting took place in Jenin, a Palestinian refugee camp. Jenin ( Arabic:; ג'נין a city in the West Bank 's Jenin Governorate, is a major Palestinian agricultural center The Jenin battle became a flashpoint for both sides. During the IDF's operations in the camp, Palestinian sources alleged that a massacre of hundreds people had taken place. In the ensuing controversy, the United Nations issued a report that found no evidence of hundreds of deaths, and criticized both sides for placing Palestinian civilians at risk. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security ^[40][41][42] However, based on their own investigations, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch charged that IDF personnel in Jenin had committed war crimes. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to Human Rights Watch is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Human rights. War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied Both human rights organizations called for official inquiries; the IDF disputed the charges. After the battle, most sources, including the Palestinian Authority, placed the Palestinian death toll between 52 and 56. ^[43] The IDF reported that 23 Israeli soldiers were killed. ^[44][45][46]

Bethlehem

In late April 2 to May 10, a stand-off developed between armed Fatah militants and the IDF at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Fatah (فتح literally opening, is a reverse Acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (حركة التحرير Church_of_the_nativity_bethjpg|thumb|200px|View of The Church of the Nativity from Manger Square]]The Church of the Nativity ( كنيسة المهد) in Bethlehem Bethlehem ( بيت لحم,, lit "House of Meat" Βηθλεέμ Bethleém בית לחם Beit Lehem, lit "House of Bread" is a Despite the code of conduct demanding respect for holy sites and Israel's controversial Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel, Section 3: Protection of Holy Places, the stand-off could not be resolved, and after significant delay, IDF snipers killed 7 people inside the church and wounded more than 40 people. The Jerusalem Law is a common name of Basic Law Jerusalem Capital of Israel passed by the Knesset on July 30, 1980 (17th The Jerusalem Law is a common name of Basic Law Jerusalem Capital of Israel passed by the Knesset on July 30, 1980 (17th The stand-off was resolved by the deportation of 13 Palestinian militants whom the IDF has identified as terrorists to Europe, and the IDF ended its 38 day stand-off with the militants inside the church.

2003

Following an Israeli intelligence report stating that Yasir Arafat paid $20,000 to al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, the United States demanded democratic reforms in the Palestinian Authority, as well the appointment of a prime minister independent of Arafat. The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى is a coalition of Palestinian militias in On 13 March 2003, following U. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. S. pressure, Arafat appointed the moderate Mahmoud Abbas as Palestinian prime minister. Mahmoud Abbas (محمود عباس (born March 26, 1935) also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (ابو مازن was elected President

Following the appointment of Abbas, the U. S. administration promoted the Road map for peace — the Quartet's plan to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by disbanding militant organizations, halting settlement activity and establishing a democratic and peaceful Palestinian state. The "road map" for peace is a Plan to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict proposed by a " quartet " of international entities the The Quartet on the Middle East, sometimes called the Diplomatic Quartet or Madrid Quartet or simply the Quartet, is a foursome of nations and International The first phase of the plan demanded that the PA suppress guerrilla and terrorist attacks and confiscate illegal weapons. Unable or unwilling to confront militant organizations and risk civil war, Abbas tried to reach a temporary cease-fire agreement with the militant factions and asked them to halt attacks on Israeli civilians.

On May 20, Israeli naval commandos intercepted another vessel, the Abu Hassan, on course to the Gaza Strip from Lebanon. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية It was loaded with rockets, weapons, and ammunition. Eight crew members on board were arrested including a senior Hezbollah member. Hezbollah (حزب الله, literally " party of God " is a Shi'a Islamic political and Paramilitary organisation

In June 2003, a so-called Hudna (truce) was unilaterally declared by Hamas and Islamic Jihad, which declared a ceasefire and halt to all attacks against Israel for a period of 45 days. Hudna (هدنة is an Arabic term meaning " Truce " or " Armistice " as well as "calm" or "quiet" coming Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين - Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn Although violence decreased in the following month, there were several suicide bombings against Israeli civilians as well as Israeli operations against militants.

Four Palestinians, three of them militants, were killed in gun battles during an IDF raid of Askar near Nablus involving tanks and Armoured personnel carriers (APCs); an Israeli soldier was killed by one of the militants. For the medieval Egyptian capital see Al-Askar Askar (مخيم عسكر is a Palestinian refugee camp. Armoured personnel carriers (APCs are Armoured fighting vehicles developed to transport Infantry on the Battlefield They usually have only a Machine ^[47] Nearby Palestinians claimed a squad of Israeli police disguised as Palestinian labourers opened fire on Abbedullah Qawasameh as he left a Hebron mosque. Many Hamas activists and Suicide bombers in Hebron came from the local Qawasameh tribe (Arabic القواسمة also spelled Qawasmeh ^[48] YAMAM, the Israeli counter-terrorism police unit which performed the operation stated that Qawasemah opened fire on them as they attempted to arrest him. The Yamam (ימ"מ is the acronym for Special Police Unit (יחידת משטרה מיוחדת Yeḥidat Mishtara Meyuḥedet) Israel 's elite civilian

On August 19, Hamas coordinated a suicide attack on a crowded bus in Jerusalem killing 23 Israeli civilians, including 7 children. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Hamas claimed it was a retaliation for the killing of five Palestinians (including Hamas leader Abbedullah Qawasameh) earlier in the week. Many Hamas activists and Suicide bombers in Hebron came from the local Qawasameh tribe (Arabic القواسمة also spelled Qawasmeh U. S. and Israeli media outlets frequently referred to the bus bombing as shattering the quiet and bringing an end to the ceasefire.

Following the Hamas bus attack, Israeli Defence Forces were ordered to kill or capture all Hamas leaders in Hebron and the Gaza Strip. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit Hebron ( al-Ḫalīl or al-Khalīl, Standard Hebrew: Ḥevron Tiberian Hebrew: Ḥeḇrôn is the largest city in the West Bank, located in the south The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west The plotters of the bus suicide bombing were all captured or killed and Hamas leadership in Hebron was badly damaged by the IDF. Many Hamas activists and Suicide bombers in Hebron came from the local Qawasameh tribe (Arabic القواسمة also spelled Qawasmeh Strict curfews were enforced in Nablus, Jenin, and Tulkarem; the Nablus lockdown lasted for over 100 days. In Nazlet 'Issa, over 60 shops were destroyed by Israeli civil administration bulldozers. ----A bulldozer is a crawler ( Caterpillar tracked Tractor) equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade) used to push large quantities The Israeli civil administration explained that the shops were demolished because they were built without a permit. House demolition is primarily a Military tactic which has been used in many conflicts for a variety of purposes Palestinians consider Israeli military curfews and property destruction to constitute collective punishment against innocent Palestinians. ^[49].

Unable to rule effectively under Arafat, Abbas resigned in September 2003. Ahmed Qurei (Abu Ala) was appointed to replace him. Ahmed Ali Mohammed Qurei (or Qureia; احمد علي محمد قريع also known by his Arabic ''Kunya'' Abu Alaa (أبو علاء (born March The Israeli government gave up hope for negotiated settlement to the conflict and pursued a unilateral policy of physically separating Israel from Palestinian communities by beginning construction on the Israeli West Bank barrier. West bank walljpg|thumb|Aerial view looking east from the Israeli side Israel claims the barrier is necessary to prevent Palestinian attackers from entering Israeli cities. Palestinians claim the barrier separates Palestinian communities from each other and that the construction plan is a de facto annexation of Palestinian territory.

Following an October 4 suicide bombing in Maxim restaurant, Haifa, which claimed the lives of 21 Israelis, Israel claimed that Syria and Iran sponsored the Islamic Jihad and Hezbollah, and were responsible for the terrorist attack. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas The Maxim restaurant suicide bombing occurred on October 4 2003 when Hanadi Jaradat, a 28-year-old Palestinian terrorist detonated an Explosive belt Haifa (חֵיפָה; حَيْفَا) is the largest City in Northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country with Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين - Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn Hezbollah (حزب الله, literally " party of God " is a Shi'a Islamic political and Paramilitary organisation The day after the Maxim massacre, IAF warplanes bombed an alleged former terrorist training base at Ain Saheb, Syria (abandoned since the early 80s). The Israeli Air Force ( IAF; Hebrew: זרוע האויר והחלל Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal, "Air and Space Arm" commonly known as חיל The Ain es Saheb airstrike occurred on October 5, 2003 and was the first overt Israeli military operation in Syria since the 1973 Yom Kippur

2004

In response to a repeated shelling of Israeli communities with Qassam rockets and mortar shells from Gaza, the IDF operated mainly in Rafah — to search and destroy smuggling tunnels used by militants to obtain weapons, ammunition, fugitives, cigarettes, car parts, electrical goods, foreign currency, gold, drugs, and cloth from Egypt. The Qassam rocket ( صاروخ القسام; also Kassam) is a simple steel Rocket filled with explosives produced by Hamas. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit Rafah (رفح is a Palestinian town in the Gaza Strip, on the Egyptian border and a nearby town on the Egyptian side of the border on the Sinai Smuggling tunnels are secret tunnels, usually hidden underground used for Smuggling of Goods and people. A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons Ammunition, often referred to as ammo, is a generic term derived from the French language la munition which A fugitive is a person who is fleeing from Custody, whether it be from private Slavery, a government Arrest, government or non-government questioning A cigarette ( French "small Cigar " from cigar + -ette) is a product consumed through Smoking and manufactured A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Recreational drug use is the use of Psychoactive drugs for Recreational purposes rather than for work, medical or spiritual purposes This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Between September 2000 and May 2004, ninety tunnels connecting Egypt and the Gaza Strip were found and destroyed. Raids in Rafah left many families homeless. Israel's official stance is that their houses were captured by militants and were destroyed during battles with IDF forces. Many of these houses are abandoned due to Israeli incursions and later destroyed. According to Human Rights Watch, over 1,500 houses were destroyed to create a large buffer zone in the city, many "in the absence of military necessity", displacing around sixteen thousand people. ^[50]

On 2 February 2004, Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon announced his plan to transfer all the Jewish settlers from the Gaza Strip. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " (אריאל Israeli settlements are communities inhabited by Israelis in territory that was captured as a result of Jordanian attacks during the 1967 Six-Day War. The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west The Israeli opposition dismissed his announcement as "media spin" but the Israeli Labour Party said it would support such a move. Sharon's right-wing coalition partners National Religious Party and National Union rejected the plan and vowed to quit the government if it were implemented. The National Religious Party (מפלגה דתית לאומית Miflaga Datit Leumit, commonly known in Israel by its Hebrew acronym Mafdal, (Hebrew מפד"ל The National Union (האיחוד הלאומי HaIhud HaLeumi) is a right wing political party in Israel and consists of an alliance of Surprisingly, Yossi Beilin, peace advocate and architect of the Oslo Accords and the Geneva Accord, also rejected the proposed withdrawal plan. Dr Yosef "Yossi" Beilin (יוסי ביילין born in Petah Tikva on 12 June 1948) is a Left-wing Israeli politician Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles This article is about the proposal for peace between Israel and Palestine He claimed that withdrawing from the Gaza Strip without a peace agreement would reward terror. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion

Following the declaration of the disengagement plan by Ariel Sharon and as a response to suicide attacks on Erez crossing and Ashdod seaport (10 people were killed), the IDF launched a series of armored raids on the Gaza Strip (mainly Rafah and refugee camps around Gaza), killing about 70 Hamas militants. Israel's unilateral disengagement plan ( Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תוכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in Ashdod (אַשְׁדּוֹד اشدود إسدود Isdud) located in the South District of Israel, on the Mediterranean Sea coast ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit Rafah (رفح is a Palestinian town in the Gaza Strip, on the Egyptian border and a nearby town on the Egyptian side of the border on the Sinai Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة On March 22, 2004, an Israeli helicopter gunship killed Hamas leader Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and on April 17, after several failed attempts by Hamas to commit suicide bombings, his successor, Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi was killed by IDF helicopter gunship strike. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Yassin (1937 – March 22 2004 ( Arabic: ar الشيخ أحمد ياسين was the co-founder with Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, of Hamas Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Dr Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi (عبدالعزيز الرنتيسي ( October 23, 1947 – was the co-founder of the militant Palestinian Islamist organization An attack helicopter, also known as a Helicopter Gunship, is a Military helicopter armed for attacking targets on the ground

The fighting in Gaza Strip escalated severely in May 2004 after several failed attempts to attack Israeli checkpoints such as Erez crossing and Karni crossing. The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west A Israel Defense Forces checkpoint, usually called an Israeli checkpoint (מחסום machsom) is a barrier erected by the Israel Defense Forces with the The Karni Crossing (معبر كارني or معبر المنطار מעבר קרני is a Cargo terminal on the Israeli Gaza Strip barrier. However, on May 11 and May 12, Palestinian militants destroyed two IDF M-113 APCs, killing 13 soldiers and mutilating their bodies. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Armoured personnel carriers (APCs are Armoured fighting vehicles developed to transport Infantry on the Battlefield They usually have only a Machine The IDF launched two raids to recover the bodies in which about 20-40 Palestinians were killed and great damage was caused to structures in the Zaitoun neighbourhood in Gaza and in south-west Rafah. Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories. Rafah (رفح is a Palestinian town in the Gaza Strip, on the Egyptian border and a nearby town on the Egyptian side of the border on the Sinai

Subsequently, on May 18 the IDF launched Operation Rainbow with a stated aim of striking the terror infrastructure of Rafah, destroying smuggling tunnels, and stopping a shipment of SA-7 missiles and improved anti-tank weapons. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Operation Rainbow (In Hebrew, Mivtza Keshet Be-Anan, מבצע קשת בענן is a controversial Military operation which began on May 18 Smuggling tunnels are secret tunnels, usually hidden underground used for Smuggling of Goods and people. For the STRELA computer see Strela computer. For the Apollo test mission see A-102 The 9K32 "Strela-2" Anti-tank refers to any method of combating military Armored fighting vehicles notably Tanks The most common anti-tank systems The operation ended after the IDF killed 40 Palestinian militants and 12 civilians and demolished about 45-56 structures. The great destruction and killing of 10 protesters led to a worldwide outcry against the operation.

On September 29, after a Qassam rocket hit the Israeli town of Sderot and killed two Israeli children, the IDF launched Operation Days of Penitence in the north of the Gaza Strip. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. The Qassam rocket ( صاروخ القسام; also Kassam) is a simple steel Rocket filled with explosives produced by Hamas. Sderot (שְׂדֵרוֹת a western Negev City, in the Southern District of Israel. Operation Days of Penitence (In Hebrew, מבצע ימי תשובה was the name used by Israel to describe an Israel Defense Forces operation in the northern The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west The operation's stated aim was to remove the threat of Qassam rockets from Sderot and kill the Hamas militants launching them. The operation ended on October 16, leaving widespread destruction and more than 100 Palestinians dead, at least 20 of whom were under the age of 16. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western ^[51] Thirteen-year-old Iman Darweesh Al Hams was killed by the IDF; some reports claimed a commander had deliberately fired his automatic weapon at her dead body, but the soldier was cleared of all charges. Iman Darweesh Al Hams ( Arabic ar ايمان درويش الهمص also 'Iyman' (1991 - 5 October 2004 was a 13-year-old Palestinian girl killed by Israel ^[52][53] According to Palestinian medics, Israeli forces killed at least 62 militants and 42 other Palestinians believed to be civilians. ^[54] According to a count performed by Haaretz, 87 combatants and 42 non-combatants were killed. (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. Palestinian refugee camps were heavily damaged by the Israeli assault. The IDF announced that at least 12 Qassam launchings had been thwarted and many terrorists hit during the operation. Three Israelis also were killed, including one civilian.

On October 21, the Israeli Air Force killed Adnan al-Ghoul, a senior Hamas bomb maker and the inventor of the Qassam rocket. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. The Israeli Air Force ( IAF; Hebrew: זרוע האויר והחלל Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal, "Air and Space Arm" commonly known as חיל Adnan Al-Ghoul (c 1962 - October 22, 2004) (عدنان الغول) was the assistant of Mohammed Deif, the leader of the Izz ad-Din Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The Qassam rocket ( صاروخ القسام; also Kassam) is a simple steel Rocket filled with explosives produced by Hamas.

On November 11, Yasser Arafat died in Paris. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

Escalation in Gaza began amid the visit of Mahmoud Abbas to Syria in order to achieve a Hudna between Palestinian factions and convince Hamas leadership to halt attacks against Israelis. Mahmoud Abbas (محمود عباس (born March 26, 1935) also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (ابو مازن was elected President Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Hudna (هدنة is an Arabic term meaning " Truce " or " Armistice " as well as "calm" or "quiet" coming Hamas vowed to continue the armed struggle sending numerous Qassam rockets into open fields near Nahal Oz, and hitting a kindergarten in Kfar Darom with an anti-tank missile. The Qassam rocket ( صاروخ القسام; also Kassam) is a simple steel Rocket filled with explosives produced by Hamas. ( German, literally means "children's garden" is a form of education for young children which serves as a transition from home to the commencement of more formal schooling Gush Katif (גוש קטיף "Harvest Bloc" was a bloc of 17 Israeli settlements in the southern Gaza strip.

On December 9 five weapon smugglers were killed and two were arrested in the border between Rafah and Egypt. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Rafah (رفح is a Palestinian town in the Gaza Strip, on the Egyptian border and a nearby town on the Egyptian side of the border on the Sinai This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Later that day, Jamal Abu Samhadana and two of his bodyguards were injured by a missile strike. In the first Israeli airstrike against militants in weeks, an unmanned Israeli drone plane launched one missile at Abu Samahdna's car as it traveled between Rafah and Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip. It was the fourth attempt on Samhadana's life by Israel. Samhadana is one of two leaders of the Popular Resistance Committees and one of the main forces behind the smuggling tunnels. The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC are various Palestinian militant organizations which operate in the Gaza Strip and are regarded as terrorist organizations Smuggling tunnels are secret tunnels, usually hidden underground used for Smuggling of Goods and people. Samhadana is believed to be responsible for the blast against an American diplomatic convoy in Gaza that killed three Americans. An improvised explosive device ( IED) is a Bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional Military action Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories.

On December 10, in response to Hamas firing mortar rounds into the Neveh Dekalim settlement in the Gaza Strip and wounding four Israelis (including an 8 year old boy), Israeli soldiers fired at the Khan Younis refugee camp (the origin of the mortars) killing a 7-year-old girl. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west An IDF source confirmed troops opened fire at Khan Younis, but said they aimed at Hamas mortar crews. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit The IDF insisted that it does its utmost to avoid civilian casualties.

The largest attack since the death of Yasser Arafat claimed the lives of five Israeli soldiers on December 12, wounding ten others. Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Approximately 1. 5 tons of explosives were detonated in a tunnel under an Israeli military-controlled border crossing on the Egyptian border with Gaza near Rafah, collapsing several structures and damaging others. Rafah (رفح is a Palestinian town in the Gaza Strip, on the Egyptian border and a nearby town on the Egyptian side of the border on the Sinai The explosion destroyed part of the outpost and killed three soldiers. Two Palestinian militants then penetrated the outpost and killed two other Israeli soldiers with gunfire. It is believed that Hamas and a new Fatah faction, the "Fatah Hawks," conducted the highly organized and coordinated attack. A spokesman, "Abu Majad," claimed responsibility for the attack in the name of the Fatah Hawks claiming it was in retaliation for "the assassination" of Yasser Arafat, charging he was poisoned by Israel. The Fatah Hawks is the name of two Palestinian militant groups one a popular movement of Palestinian youth in the West Bank and Gaza in the 1980s the

2005

Palestinian presidential elections were held on January 9, and Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen) was elected as the president of the PA. The 2005 Palestinian presidential election &mdash the first to be held since 1996 &mdash took place on January 9, 2005 in the West Bank and Gaza Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Mahmoud Abbas (محمود عباس (born March 26, 1935) also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (ابو مازن was elected President His platform was of a peaceful negotiation with Israel and non-violence to achieve Palestinian objectives. Although Abbas called on militants to halt attacks against Israel, he promised them protection from Israeli incursions and did not advocate disarmament by force.

Violence continued in the Gaza Strip, and Ariel Sharon froze all diplomatic and security contacts with the Palestinian National Authority. (אריאל Spokesman Assaf Shariv declared that "Israel informed international leaders today that there will be no meetings with Abbas until he makes a real effort to stop the terror". The freezing of contacts came less than one week after Mahmoud Abbas was elected, and the day before his inauguration. Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat, confirming the news, declared "You cannot hold Mahmoud Abbas accountable when he hasn't even been inaugurated yet". Saeb Erakat (also 'Saib' 'Erakat' (Full name Sa'ib Muhammad Salih 'Urayqat ^[55][56]

Following international pressure and Israeli threat of wide military operation in the Gaza Strip, Abbas ordered Palestinian police to deploy in the northern Gaza Strip to prevent Qassam rocket and mortar shelling over Israeli settlement. The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west The Preventive Security Service ( الأمن الوقائي) is the official security apparatus of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA The Qassam rocket ( صاروخ القسام; also Kassam) is a simple steel Rocket filled with explosives produced by Hamas. Although attacks on Israeli did not stop completely, they decreased sharply. On February 8, 2005, at the Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005, Sharon and Abbas declared a mutual truce between Israel and the Palestinian National Authority. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005 took place on February 8, ( 2005) when four Middle Eastern leaders gathered at Sharm el-Sheikh, a town at A ceasefire (or truce) is a temporary stoppage of a War or any Armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. They shook hands at a four-way summit which also included Jordan and Egypt at Sharm al-Sheikh. Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Sharm el Sheikh (شرم الشيخ Sharm al-Shaykh) often known simply as "Sharm" is a city situated on the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, in However, Hamas and Islamic Jihad said the truce is not binding for their members. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين - Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn Israel has not withdrawn its demand to dismantle terrorist infrastructure before moving ahead in the Road map for peace. The "road map" for peace is a Plan to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict proposed by a " quartet " of international entities the ^[57]

Many warned that truce is fragile, and progress must be done slowly while observing that the truce and quiet are kept. On February 9-February 10 night, a barrage of 25-50 Qassam rockets and mortar shells hit Neve Dekalim settlement, and another barrage hit at noon. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead The Qassam rocket ( صاروخ القسام; also Kassam) is a simple steel Rocket filled with explosives produced by Hamas. A mortar is a muzzle-loading Indirect fire weapon that fires shells at low velocities short ranges and high-arcing ballistic trajectories Neve Dekalim (נוה דקלים was an illegal Israeli settlement in the Gush Katif settlement bloc in the Gaza Strip. Hamas said it was in retaliation for an attack in which one Palestinian was killed near an Israeli settlement. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة ^[58] As a response to the mortar attack, Abbas ordered the Palestinian security forces to stop such attacks in the future. He also fired senior commanders in the Palestinian security apparatus. On February 10, Israeli security forces arrested Maharan Omar Shucat Abu Hamis, a Palestinian resident of Nablus, who was about to launch a bus suicide attack in the French Hill in Jerusalem. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Security forces in Israel include a variety of organizations including law enforcement, Military, Paramilitary, governmental Nablus ( sometimes Nābulus; Arabic:; næːblʊs is a Palestinian city in the northern West Bank, approximately north of Jerusalem This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons French Hill (הגבעה הצרפתית HaGiv'a HaTzarfatit) also Giv'at Shapira (גִּבְעַת שַׁפִּירָא (Karm el-Wiz is a predominantly Jewish neighborhood Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the

On February 13 2005, Abbas entered into talks with the leaders of the Islamic Jihad and the Hamas, for them to rally behind him and respect the truce. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Ismail Haniyah, a senior leader of the group Hamas said that "its position regarding calm will continue unchanged and Israel will bear responsibility for any new violation or aggression".

In the middle of June, Palestinian factions intensified bombardment over the city of Sderot with improvised Qassam rockets. Sderot (שְׂדֵרוֹת a western Negev City, in the Southern District of Israel. The Qassam rocket ( صاروخ القسام; also Kassam) is a simple steel Rocket filled with explosives produced by Hamas. Palestinian attacks resulted in 2 Palestinians and 1 Chinese civilian killed by a Qassam, and 2 Israelis were killed. The wave of attacks lessened support for the disengagement plan among the Israeli public. Israel's unilateral disengagement plan ( Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תוכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in Attacks on Israel by the Islamic Jihad and the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades increased in July, and on July 12 a suicide bombing hit the coastal city of Netanya, killing 5 civilians. The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين - Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى is a coalition of Palestinian militias in Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons On July 14, Hamas started to shell Israeli settlements inside and outside the Gaza Strip with dozens of Qassam rockets, killing an Israeli woman. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west The Qassam rocket ( صاروخ القسام; also Kassam) is a simple steel Rocket filled with explosives produced by Hamas. On July 15 Israel resumed its "targeted killing" policy, killing 7 Hamas militants and bombing about 4 Hamas facilities. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The continuation of shelling rockets over Israeli settlements, and street battles between Hamas militants and Palestinian policemen, threatened to shatter the truce agreed in the Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005. The Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005 took place on February 8, ( 2005) when four Middle Eastern leaders gathered at Sharm el-Sheikh, a town at The Israeli Defence Force also started to build-up armored forces around the Gaza Strip in response to the shelling.

2006

On January 25, 2006, the Palestinians held general elections for the Palestinian Legislative Council. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. On January 25 2006, elections were held for the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC the legislature of the Palestinian National Authority The Palestinian Legislative Council (sometimes referred to as the Palestinan Parliament) the Legislature of the Palestinian Authority, is a Unicameral The Islamist group Hamas won with an unexpected majority of 74 seats, compared to 45 seats for Fatah and 13 for other parties and independents. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة Fatah (فتح literally opening, is a reverse Acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (حركة التحرير Hamas is officially declared as a terrorist organization by the United States and the European Union and its gaining control over the Palestinian Authority (such as by forming the government) would jeopardize international funds to the PA, by laws which forbid sponsoring of terrorist group. Many organizations that are accused of being a terrorist organization deny using Terrorism as a Military tactic to achieve their goals and there is no international The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

On February 4 Israel launched a series of attacks against Islamic Jihad and al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades Qassam rocket-launcher squads, killing 9 Palestinians. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى is a coalition of Palestinian militias in The Qassam rocket ( صاروخ القسام; also Kassam) is a simple steel Rocket filled with explosives produced by Hamas. The air strikes came after Qassam rockets hit southern Ashkelon and Kibbutz Carmia, seriously wounding a 7-month-old baby. Ashkelon (אַשְׁקְלוֹן ٲشكلون also عسقلان; Latin: Ascalon; Akkadian: Isqalluna is a coastal city in southern A kibbutz ( Hebrew: קיבוץ קִבּוּץ lit "gathering clustering" plural kibbutzim) is a collective community in

On April 17 a suicide bomber struck in Tel Aviv killing 11 civilians and injuring 60. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel

On June 8, Jamal Abu Samhadana, the leader of the Popular Resistance Committees was assassinated along with three other PRC members in an Israeli air strike. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Jamal Abu Samhadana ( February 8, 1963 – June 8, 2006) from Rafah in the Gaza Strip, was the founder of the Popular The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC are various Palestinian militant organizations which operate in the Gaza Strip and are regarded as terrorist organizations

On June 9, seven members of the Ghalia family were killed on a Gaza beach. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits See also 2006 Israel-Gaza conflict The Gaza beach blast was an event on June 9, 2006 in which eight Palestinians were killed and Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories. The cause of the explosion remains uncertain. See also 2006 Israel-Gaza conflict The Gaza beach blast was an event on June 9, 2006 in which eight Palestinians were killed and Nevertheless, in response, Hamas declared an end to its commitment to a ceasefire declared in 2005 and announced the resumption of attacks on Israelis. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة Palestinians blame an Israeli artillery shelling of nearby locations in the northern Gaza Strip for the deaths, while an Israeli military inquiry cleared itself from the charges.

On June 25 a military outpost was attacked by Palestinian militants and a gunbattle followed that left 2 Israeli soldiers and 3 Palestinian militants dead. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Corporal Gilad Shalit, an Israeli soldier, was captured and Israel warned of an imminent military response if the soldier was not returned unharmed. In the early hours of June 28 Israeli tanks, APCs and troops entered the Gaza strip just hours after the air force had taken out two main bridges and the only powerstation in the strip, effectively shutting down electricity and water. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul.

On July 12 The Israeli Cabinet authorised "severe and harsh" retaliation on Lebanon due to the Hezbollah kidnapping of two Israeli soldiers, and the killing of three others. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. Background See also Israel-Lebanon conflict The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO had engaged in cross-border attacks from Southern Lebanon Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Hezbollah (حزب الله, literally " party of God " is a Shi'a Islamic political and Paramilitary organisation

On November 26, 2006 a truce was implemented between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A January 10, 2007 Reuters article reports: "Hamas has largely abided by a November 26 truce which has calmed Israeli-Palestinian violence in Gaza. "^[59]

Tactics

The tactics of the two sides in the conflict are largely based upon their resources and goals.

Palestinians

Militant groups involved in violence include Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين - Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP) ( Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Tahrīr The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى is a coalition of Palestinian militias in They have waged a high-intensity campaign of guerrilla warfare and suicide bombings against Israel. Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons Military equipment is mostly imported light arms and homemade weapons, such as hand grenades and explosive belts, assault rifles, and the Qassam rockets. An explosive belt (also called suicide belt, Bomberpilot Jacket, suicide vest or shaheed belt) is An assault rifle is a Selective fire Rifle or Carbine (not to be confused with a semi-automatic only replica firing Ammunition with muzzle The Qassam rocket ( صاروخ القسام; also Kassam) is a simple steel Rocket filled with explosives produced by Hamas. They also have increased use of remote-controlled landmines, a tactic which has become increasingly popular among the poorly armed groups. A land mine is an Explosive device designed to be placed on or in the ground to explode when triggered by an operator or the Proximity of a vehicle person Car bombs were often used against "lightly hardened" targets such as Israeli armored jeeps and checkpoints. A car bomb is an explosive device placed in a car or other Vehicle and then detonated.

Palestinians also adopted the tactic of suicide bombing. This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons Conducted as a single or double bombing, suicide bombings are generally conducted against "soft" targets (civilians) or "lightly hardened" targets (such as checkpoints) to try to raise the cost of the war to Israelis and demoralize the Israeli society. Most suicide bombing attacks (although not all) are targeted against civilians, and conducted on crowded places in Israeli cities, such as public transportation (buses), restaurants and markets. A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. Sao Paulo Stock Exchangejpg|thumb| Virtual market arena where buyer and seller are not present and trade via intemediates and electronical information

One recent development is the use of suicide bombs carried by children. Unlike most suicide bombings, the use of these not only earned condemnation from the United States and from human rights groups such as Amnesty International, but also from many Palestinians and much of the Middle East press. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to The youngest Palestinian suicide bomber was 16-year-old Issa Bdeir, a high school student from the village of Al Doha, who shocked his friends and family when he blew himself up in a park in Rishon LeZion, killing a teenage boy and an elderly man. Rishon LeZion (רִאשׁוֹן לְצִיּוֹן lit First to Zion is the fourth-largest city in Israel, located along the central Israeli The youngest attempted suicide bombing was by a 14 year old captured by soldiers at the Huwwara checkpoint before managing to do any harm. Howwarah Checkpoint (حاجز حوارة is the major checkpoint on one of the four main exits of Nablus city it was established on October 2000 on the main road connecting

On March 27, 2002, Israel seized an explosive belt from a Red Crescent ambulance. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. An explosive belt (also called suicide belt, Bomberpilot Jacket, suicide vest or shaheed belt) is The vest was detonated in front of TV cameras by an EOD robot. Bomb disposal is the process by which hazardous explosive devices are rendered safe

In May 2004, Israel Defence minister Shaul Mofaz claimed that United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East's ambulances were used to take the bodies of dead Israeli soldiers in order to prevent the Israel Defense Forces from recovering their dead. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " (שאול מופז born November 4, 1948 in Tehran, Iran) is the current Israeli Minister of Transportation and a Deputy United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East ( UNRWA) is a relief and human development agency providing education health care social services The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit ^[60] Reuters has provided video of healthy armed men entering ambulance with UN markings for transport. UNRWA initially denied that its ambulances carry militants but later reported that the driver was forced to comply with threats from armed men. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East ( UNRWA) is a relief and human development agency providing education health care social services UNRWA still denies that their ambulances carried body parts of dead Israeli soldiers.

In August 2004, Israel said that an advanced explosives-detection device employed by the IDF at the Hawara checkpoint near Nablus discovered a Palestinian ambulance had transported explosive material.

Some of the Palestinian reaction to Israeli policy in the West Bank and Gaza Strip has consisted of non-violent protest. The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west [1][2][3]. Groups such as the Palestinian Centre for Rapprochement which works out of Beit Sahour formally encourage and organize non-violent resistance [4]. Other groups, such as the International Solidarity Movement openly advocate for both violent and non-violent resistance. The International Solidarity Movement ( ISM) was founded in 2001 by Ghassan Andoni, a Palestinian activist Neta Golan, an Israeli activist Some of these activities are done in cooperation with internationals and Israelis, such as the weekly protests against the Israeli West Bank Barrier carried out in villages like Bi'lin, [5][6], Biddu [7] and Budrus [8] [9]. West bank walljpg|thumb|Aerial view looking east from the Israeli side This model of resistance has spread to other villages like Beit Sira [10], Hebron, Saffa, and Ni'lein [11][12]. Even during the Israeli reinvasion of Jenin and Nablus, "A Call for a Non-violent Resistance Strategy in Palestine" was issued by two Palestinian Christians in May 2002 [13].

Non-violent tactics have sometimes been met with Israeli military force. For example, Amnesty International notes that "10-year-old Walid Naji Abu Qamar, 11-year old Mubarak Salim al-Hashash and 13-year-old Mahmoud Tariq Mansour were among eight unarmed demonstrators killed in the early afternoon of 19 May 2004 in Rafah, in the Gaza Strip, when the Israeli army open fire on a non-violent demonstration with tank shells and a missile launched from a helicopter gunship. Dozens of other unarmed demonstrators were wounded in the attack. ". According to Israeli army and government officials, the tanks shelled a nearby empty building and a helicopter fired a missile in a nearby open space in order to deter the demonstrators from proceeding towards Israeli army positions. [14]

Israel

The IDF adopted tactics appropriate to the enclosed, urban environment in which the IDF is frequently fighting. Urban warfare is modern warfare conducted in Urban areas such as Towns and cities. The Israeli Defense Forces stress the safety of their troops, using such heavily armored equipment as the Merkava tank and various military aircraft including F-16s, drone aircraft and helicopter gunships that can often lead to civilian casualties when used in urban areas. The Merkava ( Hebrew:, Chariot) is the Main battle tank of the Israel Defense Forces. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV is an unpiloted Aircraft. UAVs can be remote controlled or fly autonomously based on pre-programmed flight plans or more complex dynamic An attack helicopter, also known as a Helicopter Gunship, is a Military helicopter armed for attacking targets on the ground Sniper towers were used extensively in the Gaza Strip before the Israeli pullout and are being increasingly employed in the West Bank. Israel's unilateral disengagement plan ( Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תוכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in Heavily armored IDF Caterpillar D9 bulldozers were routinely employed to detonate booby traps and IEDs, and clear houses along the border with Egypt used to fire at Israeli troops, in "buffer zones", and during military operations in the West Bank. The armored Bulldozer is a basic tool of Combat engineering. These Combat engineering vehicles combine the earth moving capabilities of the bulldozer ----A bulldozer is a crawler ( Caterpillar tracked Tractor) equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade) used to push large quantities A booby trap is a device set up to be triggered by an unsuspecting victim An improvised explosive device ( IED) is a Bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional Military action Until February 2005, Israel had in place a policy to demolish the family homes of suicide bombers. Due to the considerable number of Palestinians living in single homes, the large quantity of homes destroyed, and collateral damage from house demolitions, it become an increasingly controversial tactic. House demolition is primarily a Military tactic which has been used in many conflicts for a variety of purposes Families have provided timely information to Israeli forces regarding suicide bombing activities in order to prevent the demolition of their houses, although families doing so risk being executed or otherwise punished for collaboration, either by the Palestinian Authority or extra-judicially by Palestinian militants. Collaborationism, can describe the Treason of cooperating with enemy Forces occupying one's Country. The IDF committee studying the issue recommended ending the practice because the policy was not effective enough to justify its costs to Israel's image internationally and the backlash it created among Palestinians.

With complete ground and air superiority, mass detentions are regularly conducted; at any given time, there are about 6,000 Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails, about half of them held temporarily without a final indictment, in accordance with Israeli law. Security Checkpoints divide most Palestinian cities and interconnections between cities. A Israel Defense Forces checkpoint, usually called an Israeli checkpoint (מחסום machsom) is a barrier erected by the Israel Defense Forces with the The Israeli position is that those checkpoints are necessary to stop militants and limit the ability to move weapons around, while Palestinians and Israeli and International observers and organizations perceive those checkpoints as excessive, humiliating, and a major cause of the severe humanitarian situation in the Occupied Territories. Transit across checkpoints can take several hours, depending on the current security situation in Israel. Palestinian metalworking shops and other business facilities suspected by Israel of being used to manufacture weapons are regularly destroyed by airstrikes. The tactic of military "curfew" - long-term lockdown of civilian areas - has been used routinely. A curfew can be one of the following An order by a Government for certain persons to return home daily before a certain time Nablus was kept under curfew for over 100 consecutive days, with generally under two hours per day allowed for people to get food or conduct other business. Nablus ( sometimes Nābulus; Arabic:; næːblʊs is a Palestinian city in the northern West Bank, approximately north of Jerusalem

Although these tactics also have been condemned internationally, Israel insists they are vital for security reasons in order to thwart terrorist attacks. Some cite figures, such as those published in Haaretz newspaper, to prove the effectiveness of these methods (Graph 1: Thwarted attacks (yellow) vs successful attacks (red) - Graph 2: Suicide bombing within the "green line" per quarter). (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. The Israeli secret services Shabak enable the Israeli Security Forces (IDF, Magav, police YAMAM and Mistaravim SF units) to thwart suicide bombings by providing real-time warnings and reliable intelligence reports. Security forces in Israel include a variety of organizations including law enforcement, Military, Paramilitary, governmental The Yamam (ימ"מ is the acronym for Special Police Unit (יחידת משטרה מיוחדת Yeḥidat Mishtara Meyuḥedet) Israel 's elite civilian

Israel also pursues a policy of "targeted killings", the killing of militants and especially prominent leaders who are involved in perpetrating attacks against Israelis, to eliminate imminent threats and to deter others from following suit. AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media. This tactic has been condemned as extra-judicial assassination by some international human rights organizations and the United Nations,^[61] while others (such as the United States) see it as a legitimate measure of self-defense against terrorism. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Self-defense (or self-defence &mdash see spelling differences) is the act of defending oneself one's property or the well-being of another from physical harm Many criticize the targeted killings for placing civilians at risk, though its supporters believe it reduces civilian casualties on both sides. Israel has been criticized for the use of helicopter gunship missiles in urban assassinations which often results in civilian casualties. An attack helicopter, also known as a Helicopter Gunship, is a Military helicopter armed for attacking targets on the ground A missile (see also pronunciation differences) is a self-propelled explosive Projectile used as a weapon towards a target A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces. Israel in turn has criticized what it describes as a practice of militant leaders hiding among civilians in densely populated areas, thus turning them into unwitting human shields. Human shield is a military and political term describing the presence of civilians in or around combat targets to deter an enemy from attacking those targets Regardless of the would be ethical problems, targeted assassinations have been extensively employed by the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia and some other armies in Chechnya, Afghanistan and Iraq since Israel has begun using this technique. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics.

International involvement

See also: Israel, Palestinians, and the United Nations, Israel-United States relations, International Solidarity Movement, American Israel Public Affairs Committee, and International aid to Palestinians

The international community has long taken an involvement in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and this involvement has only increased during the al-Aqsa Intifada. United Nations article Please do not remove -->Issues relating to the Israel–United States relations have evolved from an initial United States policy of sympathy and support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in 1947 The International Solidarity Movement ( ISM) was founded in 2001 by Ghassan Andoni, a Palestinian activist Neta Golan, an Israeli activist The American Israel Public Affairs Committee ( AIPAC) is an American Lobbying group that advocates for pro- Israel policies to the Congress and International aid has played a major role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as it has been used as a means to keep the peace process going Israel annually receives $1. 2 billion in economic aid and $1. 8 billion in military aid from the United States, excluding loan guarantees. To put this figure in a regional context, the U. S. gives Egypt about 2 billion dollars in foreign aid, each year, much of which is military aid. Much of this is as a result of the Camp David Accords and the associated peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, The Palestinian Authority generally receives about $100 million in economic aid from the United States, and the Palestinian territories are among the major humanitarian aid recipients.

Additionally, private groups have become increasingly involved in the conflict, such as the International Solidarity Movement on the side of the Palestinians, and the American Israel Public Affairs Committee on the side of the Israelis. The International Solidarity Movement ( ISM) was founded in 2001 by Ghassan Andoni, a Palestinian activist Neta Golan, an Israeli activist The American Israel Public Affairs Committee ( AIPAC) is an American Lobbying group that advocates for pro- Israel policies to the Congress and

Effects on Oslo Accords

Since the start of the al-Aqsa Intifada and its emphasis on suicide bombers deliberately targeting civilians riding public transportation (buses), the Oslo Accords are viewed with increasing disfavor by the Israeli public. This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces. Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles

In May 2000, seven years after the Oslo Accords and five months before the start of the al-Aqsa Intifada, a survey^[62] by the Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research at the Tel Aviv University found that 39% of all Israelis support the Accords and that 32% believe that the Accords will result in peace in the next few years. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Tel Aviv University (TAU אוניברסיטת תל־אביב את"א is Israel 's largest on-site University, located in Tel Aviv. In contrast, the May 2004 survey found that 26% of all Israelis support the Accords and 18% believe that the Accords will result in peace in the next few years; decreases of 13% and 16% respectively. Furthermore, later survey found that 80% of all Israelis believe the Israel Defense Forces have succeeded in dealing with the al-Aqsa Intifada militarily. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit

A survey of Palestinian political attitudes conducted by the Jerusalem Media and Communication Centre in August 1998 found that over 60% of Palestinians either cautiously (50%+) or strongly (about 10%) supported the Oslo peace process. ^[63] In 2006, 51. 7% thought a government headed by Hamas should continue with the Oslo Agreement, while 42% said Hamas does not have to. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة When asked if a Hamas led government should continue with the political negotiations that the PA is committed to, 66. 3% agreed and 29. 6% disagreed. ^[64]

Casualties

See also: Category:Second Intifada casualties

The casualty data for the Second Intifada has been reported by a variety of sources and though there is general agreement regarding the overall number of dead, the statistical picture is blurred by disparities in how different types of casualties are counted and categorized.

The sources do not vary widely over the data on Israeli casualties. B'Tselem reports that 1,053 Israelis were killed by Palestinian attacks through April 30, 2008. B'Tselem (בצלם "in the image of" as in Genesis) is an Israeli Non-governmental organization (NGO that describes Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[1] Israeli journalist Zeev Schiff reported similar numbers citing the Shin Bet as his source^[65] in an August 2004 Haaretz article where he notes that:

The number of Israeli fatalities in the current conflict with the Palestinians exceeded 1,000 last week. (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. Only two of the country's wars - the War of Independence and the Yom Kippur War - have claimed more Israeli lives than this intifada, which began on September 29, 2000. The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (מלחמת יום הכיפורים transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום In the Six-Day War, 803 Israelis lost their lives, while the War of Attrition claimed 738 Israeli lives along the borders with Egypt, Syria and Lebanon. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt The War of Attrition (מלחמת ההתשה حرب الاستنزاف was a Limited war fought between the Israeli military and forces of the Egyptian Republic This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية ^[65]

There is little dispute as to the total number of Palestinians killed by Israelis. B'Tselem reports that through April 30, 2008, there were 4,745 Palestinians killed by Israeli security forces, and 44 Palestinians killed by Israeli civilians. ^[1]

B'Tselem also reports 577 Palestinians killed by Palestinians through April 30, 2008. ^[1]

Combatant versus noncombatant deaths

See also: Civilian casualties in the Second Intifada

Regarding the numbers of Israeli civilian versus combatant deaths, B'Tselem reports that through April 30, 2008 there were 719 Israeli civilians killed and 334 Israeli security force personnel killed. For details on civilian casualties of the Second intifada, see Second Intifada — Casualties List of Israeli civilian casualties in the Second B'Tselem (בצלם "in the image of" as in Genesis) is an Israeli Non-governmental organization (NGO that describes ^[1] In other words, 31. 7% of those killed were Israeli security force personnel, while 68. 3% were civilians.

The number of noncombatant casualties among Palestinians is more difficult to determine, due to the different criteria applied by various institutes to determine who and who is not to be considered a civilian or non-combatant.

The Israeli non-governmental organization B'Tselem reports^[1] that through April 30, 2008, out of 4,745 Palestinians killed by Israeli security forces, there were 1,671 "Palestinians who took part in the hostilities and were killed by Israeli security forces," or 35. B'Tselem (בצלם "in the image of" as in Genesis) is an Israeli Non-governmental organization (NGO that describes 2%. According to their statistics, 2,204 of those killed by Israeli security forces "did not take part in the hostilities," or 46. 4%. There were 870 (18. 5%) who B'Tselem defines as "Palestinians who were killed by Israeli security forces and it is not known if they were taking part in the hostilities. "

The Israeli International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism (IPICT), on the other hand, in a "Statistical Report Summary" for September 27, 2000 through January 1, 2005 indicates that 56% (1542) of the 2773 Palestinians killed by Israelis were combatants. The International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT is a Non-profit organization located at the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC Herzliya, Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. According to their data, an additional 406 Palestinians were killed by actions of their own side. 22% (215) of the 988 Israelis killed by Palestinians were combatants. An additional 22 Israelis were killed by actions of their own side. ^[66]

IPICT counts "probable combatants" in its total of combatants. From their full report in September 2002:

A “probable combatant” is someone killed at a location and at a time during which an armed confrontation was going on, who appears most likely – but not certain – to have been an active participant in the fighting. For example, in many cases where an incident has resulted in a large number of Palestinian casualties, the only information available is that an individual was killed when Israeli soldiers returned fire in response to shots fired from a particular location. While it is possible that the person killed had not been active in the fighting and just happened to be in the vicinity of people who were, it is reasonable to assume that the number of such coincidental deaths is not particularly high. Where the accounts of an incident appear to support such a coincidence, the individual casualty has been given the benefit of the doubt, and assigned a non-combatant status. ^[66]

In the same 2002 IPICT full report there is a pie chart (Graph 2. 9) that lists the IPICT combatant breakdown for Palestinian deaths through September 2002. Here follow the statistics in that pie chart used to come up with the total combatant percentage through September 2002:

Combatants	Percent of all Palestinian deaths
Full Combatants	44. 8%
Probable Combatants	8. 3%
Violent Protesters	1. 6%
Total Combatants	54. 7%

On August 24, 2004, Haaretz reporter Zeev Schiff published casualty figures based on Shin Bet data. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. ^[65] The Haaretz article reported: "There is a discrepancy of two or three casualties with the figures tabulated by the Israel Defense Forces. "

Here is a summary of the figures presented in the article:

• Over 1,000 Israelis were killed by Palestinian attacks in the al-Aqsa Intifada.
• Palestinians sources claim 2,736 Palestinians killed in the Intifada.
• The Shin Bet has the names of 2,124 Palestinian dead.
• Out of the figure of 2,124 dead, Shin Bet assigned them to these organizations:
  • 466 Hamas members
  • 408 Fatah's Tanzim and al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
  • 205 Palestinian Islamic Jihad
  • 334 of "Palestinian security forces - for example, Force 17, the Palestinian police, General Intelligence, and the counter security apparatus"

The article does not say whether those killed were combatants or not. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة Fatah (فتح literally opening, is a reverse Acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (حركة التحرير Tanzim (Arabic تنظيم Organization in Arabic) is a faction of the Palestinian Fatah movement The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى is a coalition of Palestinian militias in The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين - Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn Force 17 is an elite commando and special operations unit of the Palestinian Fatah movement and later of the Office of the Chairman of the Palestinian Authority Here is a quote:

The Palestinian security forces - for example, Force 17, the Palestinian police, General Intelligence, and the counter security apparatus - have lost 334 of its members during the current conflict, the Shin Bet figures show. ^[65]

As a response to IDF statistics about Palestinian casualties in the West Bank, the Israeli human rights organization B'Tselem reported that two thirds of the Palestinians killed in 2004 did not participate in the fighting. Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled B'Tselem (בצלם "in the image of" as in Genesis) is an Israeli Non-governmental organization (NGO that describes ^[67]

Prior to 2003, B'Tselem's methodology differentiated between civilians and members of Palestinian military groups, rather than between combatants and non-combatants, leading to criticism from some pro-Israel sources. ^[68][69] B'Tselem no longer uses the term "civilian" and instead describes those killed as "participating" or "not participating in fighting at the time of death",^[70]

Others argue that Palestinian National Authority has, throughout the Intifada, placed unarmed men, women, children and the elderly in the line of fire, and that announcing the time and place of anti-occupation demonstrations via television, radio, sermons, and calls from mosque loudspeaker systems is done for this purpose. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger ^[71]

2006

The violence continued on both sides throughout 2006. On December 27 the Israeli Human Rights Organization B'Tselem released its annual report on the Intifada. B'Tselem (בצלם "in the image of" as in Genesis) is an Israeli Non-governmental organization (NGO that describes According to which, 660 Palestinians, a figure more than three times the number of Palestinians killed in 2005, and 23 Israelis, have been killed in 2006. From a December 28 Haaretz article:^[72] "According to the report, about half of the Palestinians killed, 322, did not take part in the hostilities at the time they were killed. (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. 22 of those killed were targets of assassinations, and 141 were minors. " 405 of 660 Palestinians were killed in the 2006 Israel-Gaza conflict, which lasted from 28 June till 26 November. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"

Male versus female

Between September 2000 and January 2005, 69 percent of Israeli fatalities were male, while over 95 percent of the Palestinian fatalities were male. ^[66]

Children, age 17 and under

"Remember These Children" reports that as of 1 February 2008, 119 Israeli children, age 17 and under, had been killed by Palestinians. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Over the same time period, 982 Palestinian children, age 17 and under, were killed by Israelis. ^[73]

See also: Children and minors in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Palestinians killed by Palestinians

B'Tselem reports that through April 30, 2008 there were 577 Palestinians killed by Palestinians. B'Tselem (בצלם "in the image of" as in Genesis) is an Israeli Non-governmental organization (NGO that describes Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Of those, 120 were "Palestinians killed by Palestinians for suspected collaboration with Israel. "^[1] B'Tselem maintains a list of deaths of Palestinians killed by Palestinians with details about the circumstances of the deaths. B'Tselem (בצלם "in the image of" as in Genesis) is an Israeli Non-governmental organization (NGO that describes Some of the many causes of death are crossfire, factional fighting, kidnappings, collaboration, etc. . ^[74]

Concerning the killing of Palestinians by other Palestinians a January 2003 Humanist magazine article^[75] reports:

For over a decade the PA has violated Palestinian human rights and civil liberties by routinely killing civilians—including collaborators, demonstrators, journalists, and others—without charge or fair trial. Of the total number of Palestinian civilians killed during this period by both Israeli and Palestinian security forces, 16 percent were the victims of Palestinian security forces. . . . According to Freedom House's annual survey of political rights and civil liberties, Freedom in the World 2001-2002, the chaotic nature of the Intifada along with strong Israeli reprisals has resulted in a deterioration of living conditions for Palestinians in Israeli-administered areas. Freedom House is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Democracy, political The survey states: "Civil liberties declined due to: shooting deaths of Palestinian civilians by Palestinian security personnel; the summary trial and executions of alleged collaborators by the Palestinian Authority (PA); extra-judicial killings of suspected collaborators by militias; and the apparent official encouragement of Palestinian youth to confront Israeli soldiers, thus placing them directly in harm's way. "

The Humanist article also states:

It isn’t, however, surprising that such conditions should prevail. Subject, oppressed, or embattled peoples throughout history have commonly turned on themselves. The occupation and war conditions under which Palestinians currently live readily foster internal hostility and the loss of civil liberties.

Internal Palestinian violence has been called an ‘Intra’fada during this Intifada and the previous one. ^[76]

Economic costs

The Israeli commerce has experienced much hardship, in particular because of the sharp drop in tourism. A representative of Israel's Chamber of Commerce has estimated the cumulative economic damage caused by the crisis at 150 to 200 billion Shekels, or 35 to 45 billion US $ - against an annual GDP of 122 billion dollars in 2002. Since the end of 2003 however, Israel has experienced a strong economic recovery.

Sixteen square kilometers of land in the Gaza Strip, most of it agricultural, was razed by Israeli military forces and more than 601 houses were completely destroyed. The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west The Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator in the Occupied Territories (UNSCO) estimates the damage done to the Palestinian economy at over 1. 1 billion dollars in the first quarter of 2002, compared to an annual GDP of 4. 5 billion dollars.

Notes

See also

• Israeli-Palestinian conflict, an overview
• First Intifada
• Oslo Accords
• Israel's unilateral disengagement plan
• Israeli West Bank barrier
• Unconventional warfare
• House demolition in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Violence during the Second Intifada

• Violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006
• List of massacres committed during the al-Aqsa Intifada
• Child suicide bombers in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
• The lynch in Ramallah
• The shooting on Gilo neighborhood
• Palestinian factional violence

External links

Non-characterized

• Palestinian Military Performance and the 2000 Intifada
• Has Israel beaten the suicide bombers? The Telegraph
• "There must be peace between symbols" and "Monsters in the shadows of a Palestinian plebiscite" - Thinking-East analyses
• (Hebrew) Or Commission report
• Harvest-time Killing Fuels Hatred Between Palestinians and Jewish Settlers
• BBC News: Analysis: Palestinian suicide attacks
• BBC News: "Al-Aqsa Intifada timeline"
• The Palestinian Red Crescent Society - Includes weekly reports of injuries, deaths, military detention of ambulances, and many other statistics. The First Intifada (1987–1993 (also " Intifada " and "war of the stones" was a mass Palestinian uprising against Israeli Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles Israel's unilateral disengagement plan ( Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תוכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in West bank walljpg|thumb|Aerial view looking east from the Israeli side Unconventional warfare (abbreviated UW) is the opposite of Conventional warfare. For details on civilian casualties of the Second intifada, see Second Intifada — Casualties List of Israeli civilian casualties in the Second On October 12, 2000, two Israeli soldiers (Vadim Nurzhitz and Yossi Avrahami entered Ramallah and were arrested by the Palestinian Authority Gilo (גילֹה is a neighborhood in southern Jerusalem built on land De facto annexed to Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War.
• Ariel Sharon's Visit to the Temple Mount - From Ariel Sharon's Life Story, a biography
• Lessons from the Palestinian 'War' against Israel, by Lt. Gen. (ret. ) Moshe Yaalon, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 2007
• Settlers attacking a Palestinian woman - picture
• Boy vs Tank: Faris Odeh - famous picture stoning a tank

Pro-Palestinian

• Palestinian National Authority State Information Service
• History of Palestine mp3 lecture (listen or download)
• Palestinian Center For Human Rights
• Palestinian casualties of the Intifada up to 2004
• The Electronic Intifada
• Intifada.com
• Jewish Settlers Receive Hundreds of Thousands in Compensation for Leaving Gaza While Palestinians Working for Them Get Nothing
• Israel must end the hatred now
• Israeli Settler Violence Exposes Jewish Fundamentalism
• "Helplessness, deprivation and hatred"
• Committee on economic, social, and cultural rights hears from NGOs on conditions in Israel and Brazil
• Palestine Since the Intifada began video

Pro-Israel

• Jerusalem Newswire
• Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000
• Jewish Virtual Library: Myths & Facts Online
• Israel War against Terror
• Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center
• Who shot Mohammed al-Dura?
• The Second Draft
• Special: Gaza kidnapping Israeli News - Ynetnews English version of Yedioth Ahronoth

The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (TWI known informally as WINEP is a Washington DC-based Think tank which concerns itself with U Yedioth Ahronoth (ידיעות אחרונות, lit Latest News) is a major Hebrew language Daily newspaper published in Israel.

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