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This article is about the animal. For other uses, see Seahorse (disambiguation).
Hippocampus
Fossil range: Pliocene to Present
Hippocampus sp.
Hippocampus sp. The Pliocene epoch (spelled Pleiocene in some older texts is the period in the Geologic timescale that extends
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Syngnathiformes
Family: Syngnathidae
Genus: Hippocampus
Cuvier, 1816[1]
Species

See text for species. Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes. Syngnathiformes is an order of Ray-finned fishes that includes the Pipefishes and Seahorses These fishes have elongate narrow bodies Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes the Seahorses the Pipefishes and the weedy and Leafy sea dragons Fish of this family have

Seahorses are a genus (Hippocampus) of fish belonging to the family Syngnathidae, which also includes pipefish and leafy sea dragons. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic The hippocamp or hippocampus (plural hippocampi Greek: ἵπποκαμπος from ἵππος "horse" and κάμπος, "monster" Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes the Seahorses the Pipefishes and the weedy and Leafy sea dragons Fish of this family have Pipefishes or pipe-fishes ( Syngnathinae) are a subfamily of small Fishes which with the Seahorses form a distinct family The leafy sea dragon, Phycodurus eques, is a marine Fish related to the Seahorse. There are over 32 species of seahorse, mainly found in shallow tropical and temperate waters throughout the world. They prefer to live in sheltered areas such as sea grass beds, coral reefs, or mangroves. Colonies have been found in European waters such as the Thames Estuary. The Thames Estuary is the area in which the River Thames meets the waters of the North Sea. [2] From North America down to South America there are approximately four species, ranging from very small in size (dwarf seahorses are only about an inch long) to those much larger, found off the Pacific Coast of Central America (the foot-long Hippocampus ingens). South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a UserPolbot. -->The Pacific seahorse ( Hippocampus ingens) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae Hippocampus erectus are larger seahorses found anywhere from Nova Scotia down to around Uruguay. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America [3] These fish form territories, with males staying in about one square meter of their habitat while females range about one hundred times that area. They bob around in sea grass meadows, mangrove stands, and coral reefs where they are camouflaged by murky brown and grey patterns that blend into the sea grass backgrounds. During social moments or in unusual surroundings, seahorses turn bright colors. According to co-founder of Project Seahorse, Amanda J. Vincent, mates can blush a shade of creamy yellow when meeting each other in the morning. She even encountered one male who took the shade of the orange tape she used to mark the grid in the study area. [4]

Contents

Physical description

Seahorses are so named for their equine appearance. Although they are fish, they do not have scales, rather a thin skin stretched over a series of bony plates arranged in rings throughout their body. Each species has a distinct number of rings. Seahorses swim upright, another characteristic that is not shared by their fish relatives who swim horizontally. Seahorses have a coronet on their head, which is distinct to each seahorse, much like a human fingerprint. They swim very poorly by using a dorsal fin, which they rapidly flutter to propel them, and pectoral fins, located behind their eyes, which they use to steer. Because they are poor swimmers, they are most likely to be found resting in sea grasses or coral reefs with their prehensile tails wound around a stationary object. They have long snouts, which they use to suck up food, and eyes that can move independently of each other. Seahorses eat small shrimp, tiny fish and plankton. Because they camouflage, it is very hard for scientists to find them as well as predators.

Courtship

When two parties discover a mutual interest at the beginning of breeding season, they court for several days, even while others try to interfere. During this time they have been known to change color, swim side by side holding tails or grip the same strand of sea grass with their tails and wheel around in unison in what is known as their “pre-dawn dance”. They eventually engage in their “true courtship dance” lasting about 8 hours, during which the male pumps water through the egg pouch on his trunk which expands and cleaves open to display an appealing emptiness. When the female’s eggs reach maturity, she and her mate let go of any anchors and snout-to-snout, drift upward out of the seagrass, often spiraling as they rise. "The female inserts her ovipositor into the male’s brood pouch, where she deposits her eggs, which the male fertilizes. The ovipositor is an organ used by some of the Animals for Oviposition, i The fertilized eggs then embed in the pouch wall and become enveloped with tissues. "[5] New research indicates the male releases sperm into the surrounding sea water during fertilization, and not directly into the pouch as was previously thought. [6] Most seahorse species' pregnancies lasts approximately two to three weeks.

As the female squirts anywhere from dozens to thousands of eggs from a chamber in her trunk into his pouch, her body slims while his swells. Both seahorses then sink back to the bottom and she swims off. Scientists believe the courtship behavior serves to synchronize the movements of the two animals so that the male can receive the eggs when the female is ready to deposit them. Courtship is the traditional dating period before engagement and marriage The eggs are then fertilized in the father’s pouch which is coursed with prolactin, the same hormone responsible for milk production in pregnant women. Prolactin ( PRL) or Luteotropic hormone ( LTH) is a Peptide hormone primarily associated with Lactation. He doesn’t supply milk, but his pouch provides oxygen as well as a controlled environment incubator. The eggs then hatch in the pouch where the salinity of the water is regulated. This prepares the newborns for life in the sea. [7] [8] Throughout the male’s pregnancy, his mate visits him daily for “morning greetings”. The female seahorse swims over for about 6 minutes of interaction reminiscent of courtship. “They change color, wheel around sea grass fronds, and finally promenade, holding each other’s tails. Then, the female swims away until the next morning, and the male goes back to vacuuming up food through his snout. ” [9]

Birth

The male seahorse can give birth to as many as 2,000 "fry" at a time and pregnancies last anywhere from 40 to 50 days, depending on the species. When the fry are ready to be born, the male undergoes muscular contractions to expel them from his pouch. He typically gives birth at night and is ready for the next batch of eggs by morning when his mate returns. Like almost all other fish species, seahorses do not care for their young once they are born. Infants are susceptible to death from predators or being swept into ocean currents, where they drift away from rich feeding grounds or into temperatures too extreme for their delicate bodies. Fewer than five infants of every 1,000 born survive to adulthood, helping to explain why litters are so large. The survival rates of these infants are actually fairly high compared to fish standards, because they are initially sheltered in their father’s pouch during the earliest stages of development, while the eggs of most other fish are abandoned immediately after fertilization. [10] This makes the process worth the great cost to the father of incubating his offspring.

Costs

This entire process costs the male a great amount of energy. This brings into question why the sexual role reversal even takes place. In an environment where one partner incurs more energy costs than the other, you would expect the lesser of the two to be the aggressor. Within the seahorse species, males are shown to be the more aggressive sex and sometimes “fight” for female attention. According to Amanda Vincent of Project Seahorse, only males tail-wrestled and even snap their heads toward each other. This discovery prompted further study in finding out whether males actually are incurring more costs than their female counterparts. To estimate the female’s direct contribution, researcher Heather D. Masonjones of Amherst College performed a chemical analysis of the energy stored in each egg. Furthermore, to measure the toll that pregnancy takes on a male, Masonjones built a tiny respirator that records oxygen concentrations in water flowing into and out of a chamber. Before a male became pregnant, she checked his baseline need for oxygen. Then, she monitored the increase as pregnancy progressed. The male’s body had to work hard by the end of the pregnancy, consuming almost a third again as much oxygen as he did before mating. To correct for oxygen used by the growing brood, Masonjones managed to keep ¼ inch-high preemie seahorses alive outside the pouch so she could measure their oxygen needs. Although they undergo weeks of pregnancy, males directly contribute only half as much energy for offspring as females do. [11]Therefore, they do in fact fit into the widespread pattern of the less-invested sex being the less-choosy.

Adaptations

The question of why it is the males who undergo pregnancy rather than the females is actually not entirely known, though some researchers believe male pregnancy allows for shorter birthing intervals, hence more offspring. When looking at which sex has the ability to produce more young if they had an unlimited number of ready and willing partners, males have the potential to produce 17 percent more in a breeding season. Also, females have “time-outs” from the reproductive cycle that are 1. 2 times longer than those of males. This does not seem to be based on physiology, rather mate choice. When the female’s eggs are ready, she must lay them in a few hours or else she has to eject them onto the sea floor which is a huge cost to her physically, as her eggs amount to about a third of her body weight. To protect against unwillingly losing a clutch, the female demands a long courtship period. Furthermore, the daily greetings help to cement the bond between the pair. Another study conducted by Amanda Vincent of Project Seahorse shows the importance of this daily ritual. She kept a female in a tank with two males and when the female filled one male’s pouch with eggs he was then taken away, while she was left with the other male (the one not impregnated). During the weeks of her mate’s pregnancy, the female and her tankmate greeted each other daily, clinging to the same bit of grass and changing color, but according to Vincent did not display signs of serious courtship. When the original mate had given birth he was returned to the tank. The female then had a choice between him and the other tankmate. While both males expressed enthusiasm for her attention, even tail wrestling and whacking each other, in all six tests the female rejected her original mate and presented the next clutch of eggs to the tankmate that she had greeted each day. [12] The importance of the daily meeting is extremely high in maintaining their monogamous relationship. Monogamy is the custom or condition of having only one mate in a Relationship, thus forming a Couple. Although monogamy within species is not common, it does appear to exist for some. Monogamy is the custom or condition of having only one mate in a Relationship, thus forming a Couple. In this case, the mate-guarding hypothesis may be an explanation. This hypothesis states that “males remain with a single female because of ecological factors that make male parental care and protection of offspring especially advantageous. ” [13] Because the rates of survival for newborn seahorses are so low, incubation is essential at the beginning stages of life. Though not proven, males could have taken on this role because of the time period in which it takes females to produce their eggs. If the males carry the offspring while the females gather the nutrients needed to produce new eggs (which is again, 1/3 of their body weight), then they can continually reproduce batch after batch together, depending on one another for efficiency in spreading both of their genes.

Pets

Seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) at the New England Aquarium.
Seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) at the New England Aquarium. The New England Aquarium, located in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, is one of the most prominent and popular public aquariums in the United States

While many aquarium hobbyists will keep seahorses as pets, seahorses collected from the wild tend to fare poorly in a home aquarium. An aquarium (plural aquariums or aquaria) is a Vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which Water -dwelling Plants A hobby is a spare-time Recreational pursuit Etymology A Hobby horse is a wooden or Wickerwork toy made to be They will eat only live foods such as brine shrimp and are prone to stress in an aquarium, which lowers the efficiency of their immune systems and makes them susceptible to disease. Brine shrimp are a species of aquatic Crustaceans of the Genus Artemia.

In recent years, however, captive breeding of seahorses has become increasingly widespread. Captive breeding is the process of breeding rare or Endangered species in human controlled environments with restricted settings such as wildlife preserves Zoos These seahorses survive better in captivity, and they are less likely to carry diseases. These seahorses will eat mysis shrimp, and they do not experience the shock and stress of being taken out of the wild and placed in a small aquarium. The Mysidacea is a group of small Shrimp -like creatures comprising the two related orders Mysida and Lophogastrida. Although captive-bred seahorses are more expensive, they survive better than wild seahorses, and take no toll on wild populations.

Seahorses should be kept in an aquarium to themselves, or with compatible tank-mates. Seahorses are slow feeders, and in an aquarium with fast, aggressive feeders, the seahorses will be edged out in the competition for food. Special care should be given to ensure that all individuals obtain enough food at feeding times.

Seahorses can co-exist with many species of shrimp and other bottom-feeding creatures. True shrimp are swimming decapod Crustaceans classified in the Infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh A bottom feeder is an Aquatic animal that feeds on or near the bottom of a body of water Fish from the goby family also make good tank-mates. gobies form the family Gobiidae, which is one of the largest families of Fish, with more than 2000 Species in more than 200 Genera Some species are especially dangerous to the slow-moving seahorses and should be avoided completely: eels, tangs, triggerfish, squid, octopus, and sea anemones. True eels ( Anguilliformes) are an order of Fish, which consists of four suborders 19 families 110 Genera and approximately 600 Triggerfishes are brightly colored Fish of the family Balistidae. Squid are marine Cephalopods of the order Teuthida, which comprises around 300 species The Sea anemones are a group of water dwelling predatory animals of the order Actiniaria; they are named after the Anemone, a terrestrial Flower

Animals sold as "freshwater seahorses" are usually the closely related pipefish, of which a few species live in the lower reaches of rivers. Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved Pipefishes or pipe-fishes ( Syngnathinae) are a subfamily of small Fishes which with the Seahorses form a distinct family The supposed true "freshwater seahorse" called Hippocampus aimei was not a real species, but a name sometimes used for individuals of Barbour's seahorse and Hedgehog seahorse. UserPolbot. --> Barbour's seahorse ( Hippocampus barbouri) is a type of seahorse in the Syngnathidae family UserPolbot. -->The hedgehog seahorse ( Hippocampus spinosissimus) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae The latter is a species commonly found in brackish waters, but not actually a freshwater fish.

Use in Chinese medicine

Medicinal seahorse.
Medicinal seahorse.

Seahorse populations have been endangered in recent years by overfishing. An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation Therefore, seahorse fishing is strictly illegal. The seahorse is used in traditional Chinese herbology, and as many as 20 million seahorses may be caught each year and sold for this purpose. See Herbalism for the non-Chinese tradition of herbology Chinese Herbology ( is the common name for the subject of Chinese [14] Medicinal seahorses are not readily bred in captivity as they are susceptible to disease and have somewhat different energetics than aquarium seahorses.

Import and export of seahorses has been controlled under CITES since May 15, 2004. CITES (the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments drafted Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

The problem may be exacerbated by the growth of pills and capsules as the preferred method of ingesting medication as they are cheaper and more available than traditional, individually tailored prescriptions of raw medicinals but the contents are harder to track. Seahorses once had to be of a certain size and quality before they were accepted by TCM practitioners and consumers. Traditional Chinese medicine (also known as TCM,) includes a range of traditional medical practices originating in China. But declining availability of the preferred large, pale and smooth seahorses has been offset by the shift towards prepackaged medicines, which make it possible for TCM merchants to sell previously unused juvenile, spiny and dark-coloured animals. Today almost a third of the seahorses sold in China are prepackaged. This adds to the pressure on the species. [15]

Philippine luminous seahorse sanctuary

Getafe, Jandayan Island off Bohol is a marine sanctuary, since 1995 to the luminous seahorses swimming among corals in the dark waters. For the island see Bohol Island. Bohol is an island province of the Philippines located in the Central On December 9, 2007, the sanctuary was awarded the most outstanding marine protected area (MPA) in the Philippines by the MPA Support Network (MSN), a multisectoral alliance of organizations seeking to protect the marine environment. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The 50-hectare Handumon marine sanctuary is part of a large barrier reef in the waters of Bohol, teeming with fish, seashells and thick mangroves. Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics. The Haribon Foundation set up a Project Seahorse Foundation in Handumon to protect seahorses. The Haribon Foundation for the Conservation of Natural Resources, simply known as Haribon Foundation, is a membership organization dedicated to the conservation of [16]

Species

'Fucus like seahorse' from Lydekker's The Royal Natural History
'Fucus like seahorse' from Lydekker's The Royal Natural History

Cultural references

A sculpture of a heraldic seahorse that adorned an 18th or 19th century French naval vessel
A sculpture of a heraldic seahorse that adorned an 18th or 19th century French naval vessel

In heraldry, a seahorse is depicted as a creature with the foreparts of a horse and the hindparts of a fish. Richard Lydekker ( July 25, 1849 - April 16, 1915) was an English naturalist, Geologist and writer of numerous The big-belly seahorse or pot bellied seahorse, Hippocampus abdominalis, is one of the largest seahorse species in the world with a length of up to 35 cm The big-belly seahorse or pot bellied seahorse, Hippocampus abdominalis, is one of the largest seahorse species in the world with a length of up to 35 cm New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. UserPolbot. -->The West African seahorse ( Hippocampus algiricus) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The West African seahorse ( Hippocampus algiricus) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. --> The narrow-bellied seahorse, Hippocampus angustus, is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. --> The narrow-bellied seahorse, Hippocampus angustus, is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. --> Barbour's seahorse ( Hippocampus barbouri) is a type of seahorse in the Syngnathidae family UserPolbot. --> Barbour's seahorse ( Hippocampus barbouri) is a type of seahorse in the Syngnathidae family The pygmy seahorse, Hippocampus bargibanti, is a Seahorse of the family Syngnathidae in the western central Pacific. The pygmy seahorse, Hippocampus bargibanti, is a Seahorse of the family Syngnathidae in the western central Pacific. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania The Solomon Islands is a country in Melanesia, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands UserPolbot. -->The Réunion seahorse ( Hippocampus borboniensis) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The Réunion seahorse ( Hippocampus borboniensis) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. --> The knobby seahorse or short-head seahorse (not to be confused with the Short-snouted seahorse UserPolbot. --> The knobby seahorse or short-head seahorse (not to be confused with the Short-snouted seahorse UserPolbot. --> The knobby seahorse or short-head seahorse (not to be confused with the Short-snouted seahorse For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. UserPolbot. -->The giraffe seahorse ( Hippocampus camelopardalis) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The giraffe seahorse ( Hippocampus camelopardalis) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The cape seahorse or knysna seahorse ( Hippocampus capensis) is a species of Fish UserPolbot. -->The cape seahorse or knysna seahorse ( Hippocampus capensis) is a species of Fish UserPolbot. -->The tiger tail seahorse ( Hippocampus comes) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The tiger tail seahorse ( Hippocampus comes) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. --> The crowned seahorse, Hippocampus coronatus, is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. --> The crowned seahorse, Hippocampus coronatus, is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. --> Denise's pygmy seahorse ( Hippocampus denise) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. --> Denise's pygmy seahorse ( Hippocampus denise) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America UserPolbot. --> Fisher's seahorse ( Hippocampus fisheri) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. --> Fisher's seahorse ( Hippocampus fisheri) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The sea pony ( Hippocampus fuscus) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The sea pony ( Hippocampus fuscus) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface UserPolbot. -->The long-snouted seahorse ( Hippocampus guttulatus) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The long-snouted seahorse ( Hippocampus guttulatus) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae The short-snouted seahorse, Hippocampus hippocampus, is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae family The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the The Red Sea is a Salt water Inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. The Far East is a term often used by people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia. UserPolbot. -->The Pacific seahorse ( Hippocampus ingens) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The Pacific seahorse ( Hippocampus ingens) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a UserPolbot. --> Jayakar's seahorse ( Hippocampus jayakari) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. --> Jayakar's seahorse ( Hippocampus jayakari) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The great seahorse, Kellogg's seahorse, or offshore seahorse ( Hippocampus kelloggi UserPolbot. -->The great seahorse, Kellogg's seahorse, or offshore seahorse ( Hippocampus kelloggi UserPolbot. -->The common seahorse, estuary seahorse, spotted seahorse, or yellow seahorse ( UserPolbot. -->The common seahorse, estuary seahorse, spotted seahorse, or yellow seahorse ( UserPolbot. --> Lichtenstein's seahorse, Hippocampus lichtensteinii, is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. --> Lichtenstein's seahorse, Hippocampus lichtensteinii, is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The bullneck seahorse ( Hippocampus minotaur) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The bullneck seahorse ( Hippocampus minotaur) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The Japanese seahorse or lemur-tail seahorse ( Hippocampus mohnikei) is a species of UserPolbot. -->The Japanese seahorse or lemur-tail seahorse ( Hippocampus mohnikei) is a species of UserPolbot. -->The longsnout seahorse or slender seahorse ( Hippocampus reidi) is a species of Fish UserPolbot. -->The longsnout seahorse or slender seahorse ( Hippocampus reidi) is a species of Fish The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting UserPolbot. --> Shiho's seahorse, Hippocampus sindonis, is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. --> Shiho's seahorse, Hippocampus sindonis, is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The hedgehog seahorse ( Hippocampus spinosissimus) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The hedgehog seahorse ( Hippocampus spinosissimus) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The tiger snout seahorse or West Australian seahorse ( Hippocampus subelongatus) is a UserPolbot. -->The tiger snout seahorse or West Australian seahorse ( Hippocampus subelongatus) is a UserPolbot. --> The flat-faced seahorse, longnose seahorse, low-crowned seahorse, or three-spot seahorse UserPolbot. --> The flat-faced seahorse, longnose seahorse, low-crowned seahorse, or three-spot seahorse UserPolbot. -->The New Holland seahorse, Sydney seahorse, or White's seahorse ( Hippocampus whitei UserPolbot. -->The New Holland seahorse, Sydney seahorse, or White's seahorse ( Hippocampus whitei For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. UserPolbot. -->The zebra seahorse ( Hippocampus zebra) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The zebra seahorse ( Hippocampus zebra) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The dwarf seahorse ( Hippocampus zosterae) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae UserPolbot. -->The dwarf seahorse ( Hippocampus zosterae) is a species of Fish in the Syngnathidae The Gulf of Mexico ( Spanish: Golfo de México) is the ninth largest Body of water in the world The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. See, for example, the right supporter of the Isle of Wight Arms, the supporters on either side of the crest of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, or the coincidental arms of the University of Newcastle, Australia. The Coat of arms of the Isle of Wight were granted to the former Isle of Wight County Council in 1938 Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England The University of Newcastle is an Australian public university that was established in 1965 and is located in Callaghan, a suburb of Newcastle New South For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

The seahorse is prominent in the logo of Waterford Crystal and the logotype of illustrator W. W. Denslow. Waterford Crystal is a Trademark brand of crystal Glassware produced in Waterford, Ireland, and in recent years (largely as sub-brands William Wallace Denslow ( May 5, 1856 &ndash March 29, 1915) &ndash usually credited as W

In the Seri culture of northwestern Mexico, the legend is that the seahorse is a person who, to escape his pursuers, fled into the sea, placing his sandals in his waistbelt at his back. The Seris are an indigenous group of the Mexican state of Sonora. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. [17]

The National Society for Epilepsy has a seahorse for its mascot named Caesar (after the Roman emperor, Julius Caesar, who was believed to have had epilepsy). National Society for Epilepsy (NSE is the largest medical charity in the field of Epilepsy in the UK, providing services for people with epilepsy for over Epilepsy is a common chronic Neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. The seahorse mascot was chosen because the hippocampus, a part of the brain that is resistant to damage from epileptic seizures, resembles a seahorse in shape. The hippocampus is a part of the Forebrain, located in the medial Temporal lobe. The brain is the center of the Nervous system in animals All Vertebrates and the majority of Invertebrates have a brain

In the Hawaiian culture the seahorse has long be a sign of eternal friendship.

Gallery

Seahorse, Turneffe Island, Belize

Seahorse, St. Croix, Virgin Islands

Potbelly seahorse pair link tails at the Tennessee Aquarium. Belize (bəˈliːz formerly British Honduras, is a country in Central America. The Tennessee Aquarium, located in Chattanooga Tennessee, is the second largest (next to the Georgia Aquarium) freshwater aquarium in the world

Notes

  1. ^ "Hippocampus". FishBase. FishBase is a comprehensive Database of information about Fish. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. May 2006 version. N. p. : FishBase, 2006.
  2. ^ BBC News - Rare seahorses breeding in Thames
  3. ^ NOVA Online | Kingdom of the Seahorse
  4. ^ Pregnant—and Still Macho - seahorses | Science News | Find Articles at BNET.com
  5. ^ The biology of seahorses: Reproduction. The Seahorse Project. Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
  6. ^ Sex and the seahorse - Science, News - Independent.co.uk
  7. ^ Pregnant—and Still Macho - seahorses | Science News | Find Articles at BNET.com
  8. ^ Seahorse Fathers Take Reins in Childbirth
  9. ^ Pregnant—and Still Macho - seahorses | Science News | Find Articles at BNET.com
  10. ^ Seahorse Fathers Take Reins in Childbirth
  11. ^ Pregnant—and Still Macho - seahorses | Science News | Find Articles at BNET.com
  12. ^ Pregnant—and Still Macho - seahorses | Science News | Find Articles at BNET.com
  13. ^ Alcock, John. (2005). Animal Behavior: 8th Edition. (pp. 370-371). Massachusetts:Sinauer.
  14. ^ "Seahorse Crusader Amanda Vincent" on Nova television show
  15. ^ Project Seahorse | Can we tame wild medicine?
  16. ^ Inquirer.net, Seahorse sanctuary in Bohol judged the best in RP
  17. ^ http://lengamer.org/admin/language_folders/seri/user_uploaded_files/links/File/Textos/Hipocampo/Hipocampo_Metadata.htm

Further reading

External links

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