In computer graphics and television, scrolling or text crawling is the act of sliding a horizontal or vertical presentation of content, such as text, drawings, or images, across a screen or display window. Computer graphics are Graphics created by Computers and more generally the Representation and Manipulation of Pictorial Data Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Scrolling is often used to show large amounts of data that could not fit on the viewport all at the same time, this is commonly used in window-based computer displays. The word scroll is derived from the way in which people read scrolls of paper, by rolling up the top of the page and allowing objects lower on the page to move up. A scroll is a roll of Papyrus, Parchment, or Paper which has been written drawn or painted upon for the purpose of transmitting information or using as Smooth scrolling refers to a scrolling display where text appears smoothly, rather than appearing as a whole line at a time.
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Computing
On a computer, scrolling may be performed by software running on a computer's CPU, or it may be done by performing some operation on a dedicated 2D computer graphics chip. 2D computer graphics is the Computer -based generation of Digital images mdashmostly from two-dimensional models (such as 2D geometric models text and digital
In a WIMP-style graphical user interface, scrolling is done with the help of a scrollbar or using keyboard shortcuts, often the arrow keys. In Human–computer interaction, WIMP stands for " window, icon, menu, Pointing device " denoting a style of interaction A scrollbar is a graphical widget in a GUI with which continuous text pictures or anything else can be scrolled including time in video applications i Cursor movement keys or arrow keys are buttons on a Computer keyboard that are either programmed or designated to move the cursor in a specified direction Scrolling is often a key feature in text user interfaces and command line interfaces, though some older computer terminals used a paging mode instead, akin to flipping through a series of pages in a book, usually using the PgUp/PgDn keys or the space bar. TUI short for Text User Interface or Textual User Interface (and sometimes Terminal User Interface) is a Retronym that was coined sometime A computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into and displaying data from a Computer or a Computing The Page Up and Page Down keys are two keys commonly found on Computer keyboards The two keys are primarily used to scroll up or down in documents but the scrolling The space bar, spacebar, or space key, is a key on an Alphanumeric keyboard in the form of a horizontal bar in the lowermost row significantly wider Modern computer mice may also have a scroll wheel, which scrolls text vertically when rolled. In Computing, a mouse (plural mice, mouse devices, or mouses) A scroll wheel (or mouse wheel) is a hard Plastic or Rubbery disc (the " Wheel " on a Computer mouse that is perpendicular
There are also more advanced scrolling functionalities available with the mouse, though they vary widely between different pieces of software. Most scroll wheels can be pressed down, functioning like a button. Depending on the software, this typically allows scrolling in both the horizontal and vertical directions by dragging in the direction desired; when the mouse is moved to the original position, scrolling stops. A few scroll wheels can also be tilted, scrolling horizontally in one direction until released. Software like Adobe Reader can also be scrolled with the hand tool. Adobe Acrobat is a family of computer programs developed by Adobe Systems, designed to view create manipulate and manage files in Adobe's Portable Document A hand tool is a device for performing work on a Material or a physical system using only Hands The hand tools can be manually used employing Mechanical force In this case, the document is dragged and moved around like a piece of paper.
If any content is too wide to fit on a display, horizontal scrolling is required to view all of it. In applications like graphics and spreadsheets, the content often has a 2D structure, and horizontal scrolling can be useful and necessary. Graphics (from Greek grc [[wiktγραφικός γραφικός]] see -graphy) are Visual presentations on some surface such as a wall A spreadsheet is a Computer application that simulates a paper worksheet
One-dimensional content
Plain text is essentially linear, it does not have a 2D structure. For text in most scripts (with line-by-line ordering of characters on horizontal lines, as opposed to vertical writing), horizontal scrolling is much more inconvenient than vertical scrolling, because when reading the text in order, back-and-forth scrolling is needed for every line, as opposed to vertical scrolling, which is needed only after reading a whole window or column of text. Many East Asian scripts can be written horizontally or vertically.
A web browser normally places as many words in a single line as will fit the width of the browser window. A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a Special HTML-code may instruct the browser to divide the window into columns, in which case it places as many words in a single line as will fit the width of the column.
Demos
Scrolling texts, also referred to as scrolltexts or scrollers, were an integral feature of the majority of the demos written for home computers in the 1980s. A demo is a non-interactive multimedia presentation made within the computer Subculture known as the Demoscene. A home computer was a class of Personal computer entering the market in 1977 and becoming common during the 1980s The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. They were particularly important in crack intros programmed by software crackers, where they were used to convey messages between groups involved in the activity. A crack intro, also known as a cracktro, loader, or just intro, is a small introduction sequence added to cracked software, designed to Software cracking is the modification of Software to remove protection methods Copy prevention, trial/demo version serial number hardware key CD check
Many scrollers were plain horizontal scrollers, but demo coders also paid a lot of attention in finding new and different types of scrolling. The demoscene is a Computer art Subculture that specializes in producing demos, which are non-interactive audio-visual presentations that run in The characters could, for example, continuously alter their shape, take unusual flying paths or incorporate color effects such as raster bars. The raster bar (also referred to as rasterbar or copperbar) is an effect used in demos that displays animated horizontal bars of colour that
Movies
One of the most famous scrolling texts in movies is the Star Wars opening crawl. Each film in the Star Wars series opens with a crawl (also known as a roll-up) of text which provides an explanation of the backstory The text appears at the bottom of the screen and slowly moves upwards and into the distance as the audience reads it.
Television
Scrolling is commonly used to display the credits at the end of television shows.
Scrolling is also used in television news when a news ticker is employed, scrolling news stories horizontally across the bottom of the screen. News broadcasting (also known as newscast or newsbreak) is the Broadcasting of various news events and other Information via A news ticker (sometimes referred to as a "crawler" is a small screen space on News Television networks
Video games
In computer and video games, scrolling of a playing field allows the player to control an object in a large contiguous area. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. Super Bug pioneered this method. Parallax scrolling, which was first featured in Moon Patrol, involves several semi-transparent layers, which scroll on top of each other at varying rates in order to give the illusion of depth. Parallax scrolling is a special Scrolling technique in Computer graphics, seen first in the 1982 Arcade game Moon Patrol Moon Patrol is a classic Arcade game by Irem that was first released in 1982. In Optics, transparency (also called pellucidity) is the Material property of allowing
A previously much used alternative to video game scrolling is the flip-screen method. In Computer and video games, the term flip-screen (sometimes also known as flick-screen or page-flipping) refers to games in which the playing environment
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