| Nerve: Sciatic nerve | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Left gluteal region, showing surface markings for arteries and sciatic nerve. | |
| Latin | nervus ischiadicus |
| Gray's | subject #213 960 |
| Innervates | Lateral rotator group (except Piriformis and Quadratus femoris), Posterior compartment of thigh |
| From | lumbar plexus and sacral plexus: L4-S3 |
| To | tibial nerve, common fibular nerve |
| Dorlands / Elsevier | n_05/12566006 |
The sciatic nerve (also known as the ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve that starts in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. This is a list of the subjects in Gray's Anatomy: IX Neurology The Lateral rotator group are a group of Muscles of the hip consisting of the following muscles Piriformis Gemellus superior The piriformis (from Latin piriformis = " Pear shaped" is a Muscle in the gluteal region of the Lower limb. The quadratus femoris is as its name implies a flat quadrilateral Skeletal muscle. The posterior fascial compartment of the thigh contains the Knee Flexors and Hip Extensors. The lumbar plexus is a Nervous plexus in the Lumbar region of the body In human Anatomy, the sacral plexus is a Nerve plexus emerging from the Sacral vertebrae (S1-S4 and which provides nerves for the Pelvis and The tibial nerve is a branch of the Sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the Popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus The common peroneal nerve ( common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve) about one-half the size of the Tibial nerve, is derived Elsevier, the world's largest Publisher of Medical and Scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group A nerve is an enclosed cable-like bundle of peripheral Axons (the long slender projections of Neurons. A leg is a limb on an Animal 's Body that supports the rest of the animal above the ground between the Ankle and the Hip and is used for It is the longest and widest single nerve in the body.
The sciatic supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot.
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Anatomical course
The nerve enters the lower limb by exiting the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, below the Piriformis muscle. The pelvis (pl pelvises or pelves) or pelvic girdle is the irregular bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known The greater sciatic foramen is a major Foramen of the Pelvis. The piriformis (from Latin piriformis = " Pear shaped" is a Muscle in the gluteal region of the Lower limb.
It descends midway in the greater trochanter of the femur and the tuberosity of the ischium, and along the back of the thigh to about its lower third, where it divides into two large branches, the tibial and common peroneal nerves. The greater trochanter (great trochanter of the Femur is a large irregular quadrilateral eminence The femur is the thigh bone In Humans, it is the longest, most voluminous and strongest Bone. Posteriorly the superior ramus of the Ischium forms a large swelling the tuberosity of the ischium (or ischial tuberosity) The tibial nerve is a branch of the Sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the Popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus The common peroneal nerve ( common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve) about one-half the size of the Tibial nerve, is derived This division may take place at any point between the sacral plexus and the lower third of the thigh. When it occurs at the plexus, the common peroneal nerve usually pierces the Piriformis muscles. The piriformis (from Latin piriformis = " Pear shaped" is a Muscle in the gluteal region of the Lower limb.
In the upper part of its course, the nerve rests upon the posterior surface of the ischium, the nerve to the Quadratus femoris, the Obturator internus and Gemelli; it is accompanied by the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and the inferior gluteal artery, and is covered by the Gluteus maximus. The nerve to quadratus femoris is a Nerve that provides innervation to the Quadratus femoris and Gemellus inferior muscles The obturator internus muscle originates on the medial surface of the Obturator membrane, the Ischium near the membrane and the rim of the pubis. The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (also called the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve) provides innervation to the Skin of the posterior surface of the The inferior gluteal artery ( sciatic artery) the larger of the two terminal branches of the anterior trunk of the Internal iliac artery, is distributed chiefly to The gluteus maximus' (or glutæus maximus) is the largest and most Superficial of the three Gluteal muscles.
Lower down, it lies upon the Adductor magnus, and is crossed obliquely by the long head of the Biceps femoris. The adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle situated on the Medial side of the Thigh. The biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior (the back Thigh.
Branches
The nerve gives off articular and muscular branches.
- The articular branches (rami articulares) arise from the upper part of the nerve and supply the hip-joint, perforating the posterior part of its capsule; they are sometimes derived from the sacral plexus. In human Anatomy, the sacral plexus is a Nerve plexus emerging from the Sacral vertebrae (S1-S4 and which provides nerves for the Pelvis and
- The muscular branches (rami musculares) are distributed to the following muscles of the lower limb: Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, and Adductor magnus. The biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior (the back Thigh. The semitendinosus is a Muscle in the back of the Thigh; it is one of the Hamstrings Structure The semitendinosus remarkable for the great The semimembranosus is a Muscle in the back of the Thigh. It is the most medial of the three Hamstring muscles The adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle situated on the Medial side of the Thigh. The nerve to the short head of the Biceps femoris comes from the common peroneal part of the sciatic, while the other muscular branches arise from the tibial portion, as may be seen in those cases where there is a high division of the sciatic nerve.
The muscular branch eventually gives off the tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve, which innervates the muscles of the (lower) leg. The tibial nerve is a branch of the Sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the Popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus The common peroneal nerve ( common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve) about one-half the size of the Tibial nerve, is derived The tibial nerve goes on to innervate all muscles of the foot except the extensor digitorum brevis (peroneal nerve).
Pathology
Pain caused by a compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve by a problem in the lower back is called sciatica. Sciatica is a set of symptoms including Pain that may be caused by general compression and/or irritation of one of five nerve roots that give rise to the Sciatic nerve Common causes of sciatica include the following low back conditions: spinal disc herniation, degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis. Degeneration of the Intervertebral disc, which is often called " degenerative disc disease " (DDD of the spine, is a condition that can be painful and can Spinal stenosis is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the spinal cord and nerves Spondylolisthesis describes the anterior displacement of a Vertebra or the vertebral column in relation to the vertebrae below
In religion
In the Jewish religion, consumption of the sciatic nerve is forbidden, even from otherwise kosher and properly slaughtered animals. This traditionally traces back to the Biblical account of Jacob being wounded when wrestling with the angel. Jacob ( Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard Yaʿaqov Tiberian Yaʿăqōḇ; An angel is a Spiritual Supernatural being found in many Religions Although the nature of angels and the tasks given to them vary from tradition to tradition [1] The sciatic nerve is known in Hebrew as gid hanasheh. The process of removing the sciatic nerve (as well as certain large blood vessels and forbidden fats) from the surrounding meat is known as nikkur, or "deveining. " Since this is a difficult and delicate process, cuts from an animal's hindquarters are generally not sold as kosher. [2]
Additional images
 Structures surrounding right hip-joint. |  Plan of sacral and pudendal plexuses. |  Nerves of the right lower extremity Posterior view. |
References
See also
External links
- Duke Orthopedics sciatic_nerve
- MedlinePlus Image 19503
- Norman/Georgetown pelvis (pelvicnerves)
- Norman/Georgetown glutealregion (glutealner)
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. Sciatica is a set of symptoms including Pain that may be caused by general compression and/or irritation of one of five nerve roots that give rise to the Sciatic nerve Duke University is a private Research University located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. MedlinePlus, with the MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, is a website network containing Health information from the world's largest medical Library Georgetown University is a Jesuit Private university located in Georgetown Washington D Georgetown University is a Jesuit Private university located in Georgetown Washington D The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened is an English-language Human anatomy Textbook As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
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