The Schools of Buddhism. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices The History of Buddhism spans the 6th century BCE to the present starting with the birth of the Buddha Siddhartha Gautama. Foundation to the Common Era Some sources give the date of the Buddha's birth as 563 BCE and others as 624 BCE Theravada Buddhist countries tend to use the latter figure Lists and numbering of Buddhist councils vary between and even within schools Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term Background Why the Buddha is said to have taught in this way is illuminated by the social context of the time in which he lived In sramanic philosophy Nirvana (निर्वाण| Nirvāṇa; निब्बान Nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण The Three Jewels, also called the Three Treasures, the Three Refuges, or the Triple Gem, are the three things that Buddhists take refuge Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term According to the Buddhist tradition all phenomena other than Nirvana, ( sankhara) are marked by three characteristics sometimes referred to as the Dharma seals In Buddhist phenomenology and Soteriology, the five skandhas ( Sanskrit) or khandhas ( Pāli) are five "aggregates" Buddhist cosmology is the description of the shape and evolution of the universe according to the canonical Buddhist scriptures and commentaries Rebirth in Buddhism is the doctrine that the consciousness of a person (as conventionally regarded upon the death or dissolution of the aggregates ( Skandhas Dhamma ( Pāli: धम्म or Dharma (धर्म in Buddhism has two primary meanings the teachings of the Buddha which lead to enlightenment The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda (Sanskrit paticcasamuppāda; rten Karma ( Sanskrit: कर्मन karman, Pāli: कमा Kamma) means "action" or "doing" whatever A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the In Buddhism, buddhahood ( Sanskrit: buddhatva. Pali: buddhatta. In the Buddhist context a bodhisattva (बोधिसत्त्व bodhisattva;; Vietnamese Bồ Tát; बोधिसत्त bodhisatta The four stages of Enlightenment in Buddhism are the four degrees of approach to full enlightenment as an Arahant which a person can attain in this life Theravada Buddhism Theravada Buddhism 's teachings on the paramitas can be found in late canonical books and post-canonical commentaries Buddhist meditation encompasses a variety of Meditation techniques that develop Mindfulness, concentration, tranquility and insight In English translations of Buddhist literature, householder denotes a variety of terms Obtaining exact numbers of practicing Buddhists can be difficult and may be reliant on the definition used Buddhist beliefs and practices vary according to region There are distinctions between and within the Buddhism practised in various regions including In South Asia Mahayana Buddhism is the State religion of Bhutan, and Buddhists comprise 98% of its population. History See also History of Buddhism in Cambodia Unconfirmed Singhalese sources assert that missionaries of King Asohka introduced Buddhism into Chinese Buddhism ( Pinyin fójiào refers collectively to the various schools of Buddhism that have flourished in China proper since ancient times Buddhism is a world religion which arose in Bihar, India and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who is known as the Buddha (literally Among the five official religions of Indonesia, according to the state ideology of Pancasila According to Suharto, Buddhism and Hinduism were Indonesia's classical The history of Buddhism in Japan can be roughly divided into three periods namely the Nara period (up to 784 the Heian period (794–1185 and the post-Heian period Korean Buddhism is distinguished from other forms of Buddhism by its attempt to resolve what it sees as inconsistencies in Mahayana Buddhism Buddhism is the primary religion of Laos. The Buddhism practiced in Laos is of the Theravada tradition Buddhism is the second largest religion in Malaysia after Islam, with 19 Buddhism in Mongolia is essentially Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelugpa school History The history of Buddhism in Burmaextends nearly a millennium Buddha was born in Shakya kingdom which lies in Rupandehi district Lumbini zone of Nepal As of 2000 425% of the Singaporeans register themselves as Buddhist by religion General Buddhism in Sri Lanka is primarily of the Theravada school and constitutes the religious faith of about 70% of the populationAccording to traditional Buddhism in Thailand is largely of the Theravada school Nearly 95% of Thailand 's population is Buddhist of the Theravada school though Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including Buddhism came to Vietnam in the first century CE By the end of the second century Vietnam developed a major Buddhist centre in the region commonly known as the Luy Lâu Buddhism in the West broadly encompasses the knowledge and practice of Buddhism outside of Asia. History Origin of the school The Theravāda school is ultimately derived from the Vibhajjavāda (or 'doctrine of analysis' grouping which was a continuation Mahayana ( Sanskrit: mahāyāna, Devanagari: महायान 'Great Vehicle' is one of the two main existing schools of Buddhism and a term for Vajrayana Buddhism is also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Mantrayana, Mantranaya, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and The Early Buddhist schools are those schools into which according to most scholars the Buddhist monastic Sangha initially split due originally to differences in The term pre-sectarian Buddhism is used by some scholars to refer to the Buddhism that existed before the various subsects of Buddhism came into being Buddhist texts can be categorized in a number of ways The Western terms "scripture" and "canonical" are applied to Buddhism in inconsistent ways by Western scholars Historicity and Background Place in the Canon Various Mahayana Sutras have been included in the Tibetan Canon and the Chinese Canon. The Tibetan Buddhist canon is a loosely defined list of Sacred texts recognized by various sects of Tibetan Buddhism. The cultural elements of Buddhism vary by region and include Buddhist Festivals and Observances Vesak The following is a List of Buddhist topics: A Abhidharma Aggañña Sutta Ahimsa Buddhism is classified in various ways. The normal English-language usage, as given in dictionaries, divides it into Theravada (also known by the derogatory name Hinayana) and Mahayana. The most common classification among scholars is threefold, with Mahayana split into East Asian (also known simply as Mahayana) and Tibetan traditions (Lamaism, or Vajrayana; this latter term is often used so as to include also the Japanese Shingon school). Mahayana ( Sanskrit: mahāyāna, Devanagari: महायान 'Great Vehicle' is one of the two main existing schools of Buddhism and a term for Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including Vajrayana Buddhism is also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Mantrayana, Mantranaya, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and

Classifications

The article "Buddhism, schools of" in the Macmillan Encyclopedia of Religion distinguishes three different types of classification:

• movements:
  • Hinayana
  • Mahayana
  • Vajrayana
• nikayas or monastic fraternities; three of these survive at the present day:
  • Theravada, in Southeast Asia
  • Dharmaguptaka, in China, Korea and Vietnam
  • Mulasarvastivada, in the Tibetan tradition
• doctrinal schools

Terminology

The terminology for the major divisions of Buddhism can be confusing, as Buddhism is variously divided by scholars and practitioners according to geographic, historical, and philosophical criteria, with different terms often being used in different contexts. Hīnayāna ( Chinese: 小乘 Xiǎochèng; Korean: 소승 Soseung; Japanese: Shōjō; Vietnamese: Tiểu Mahayana ( Sanskrit: mahāyāna, Devanagari: महायान 'Great Vehicle' is one of the two main existing schools of Buddhism and a term for Vajrayana Buddhism is also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Mantrayana, Mantranaya, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and History Origin of the school The Theravāda school is ultimately derived from the Vibhajjavāda (or 'doctrine of analysis' grouping which was a continuation The Dharmaguptaka are one of the eighteen or twenty schools of Early Buddhism, depending on one's source Sarvastivada is an early school of Buddhism that held to 'the existence of all Dharmas in the past present and future the 'three times' The following terms may be encountered in descriptions of the major Buddhist divisions:

Conservative Buddhism

An alternative name for the early Buddhist schools.

Early Buddhist Schools

The schools into which Buddhism became divided in its first few centuries; only one of these survives as an independent school, Theravada

East Asian Buddhism

A term used by scholars^[1] to cover the Buddhist traditions of Japan, Korea, Singapore and most of China and Vietnam

Eastern Buddhism

An alternative name used by some scholars^[2] for East Asian Buddhism; also sometimes used to refer to all traditional forms of Buddhism, as distinct from Western(ized) forms. The Early Buddhist schools are those schools into which according to most scholars the Buddhist monastic Sangha initially split due originally to differences in See also Chinese Buddhism, Korean Buddhism, Japanese Buddhism, Vietnamese Buddhism East Asian Buddhism is a collective term for

Esoteric Buddhism

Usually considered synonymous with Vajrayana. ^[3] Some scholars have applied the term to certain practices found within the Theravada, particularly in Cambodia. ^[4]

Hinayana

Often interpreted as a pejorative term, used in Mahayana doctrine to denigrate its opponents. Mahayana ( Sanskrit: mahāyāna, Devanagari: महायान 'Great Vehicle' is one of the two main existing schools of Buddhism and a term for ^[5] It is sometimes used to refer to the early Buddhist schools, including the contemporary Theravada, although the legitimacy of this is disputed. The Early Buddhist schools are those schools into which according to most scholars the Buddhist monastic Sangha initially split due originally to differences in History Origin of the school The Theravāda school is ultimately derived from the Vibhajjavāda (or 'doctrine of analysis' grouping which was a continuation ^[6] Its use in scholarly publications is controversial. ^[7] By the Mahayana schools and groups in China, Korea, Tibet, and Japan the term is felt to be only slightly pejorative, or not pejorative at all. ^[8] By some it is used with respect proper to teachings coming direct from the Buddha. Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder The main use of the term in East Asian and Tibetan traditions is in reference to spiritual levels^[9] regardless of school. The literal meaning of Hinayana can also be interpreted as "the small vehicle," referring to a raft meant to carry one person, as an arhat, to nirvana through their own effort, in contrast to the "large vehicle" of Mahayana meant to carry many there at once, piloted by a bodhisattva. In the sramanic traditions of ancient India (most notably those of Mahavira and Gautama Buddha) arhat ( Sanskrit) or arahant In sramanic philosophy Nirvana (निर्वाण| Nirvāṇa; निब्बान Nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण In the Buddhist context a bodhisattva (बोधिसत्त्व bodhisattva;; Vietnamese Bồ Tát; बोधिसत्त bodhisatta

Lamaism

An old term, still sometimes used, synonymous with Tibetan Buddhism; widely considered derogatory.

Mahayana

A movement that emerged out of early Buddhist schools, together with its later descendants, East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism. Mahayana ( Sanskrit: mahāyāna, Devanagari: महायान 'Great Vehicle' is one of the two main existing schools of Buddhism and a term for The Early Buddhist schools are those schools into which according to most scholars the Buddhist monastic Sangha initially split due originally to differences in Vajrayana traditions are sometimes listed separately. The main use of the term in East Asian and Tibetan traditions is in reference to spiritual levels^[10] regardless of school.

Mainstream Buddhism

A term used by some scholars for the early Buddhist schools.

Mantrayana

Usually considered synonymous with Vajrayana. ^[11] The Tendai school in Japan has been described as influenced by Mantrayana. ^[12]

Nikaya Buddhism or schools

An alternative term for the early Buddhist schools.

Non-Mahayana

An alternative term for the early Buddhist schools.

Northern Buddhism

An alternative term used by some scholars^[13] for Tibetan Buddhism. Also, an older term still sometimes used to encompass both East Asian and Tibetan traditions. It has even been used to refer to East Asian Buddhism alone, without Tibetan Buddhism.

Sectarian Buddhism

An alternative name for the early Buddhist schools.

Southeast Asian Buddhism

An alternative name used by some scholars^[14] for Theravada.

Southern Buddhism

An alternative name used by some scholars^[15] for Theravada.

Sravakayana

An alternative term sometimes used for the early Buddhist schools.

Tantrayana or Tantric Buddhism

Usually considered synonymous with Vajrayana. ^[16] However, one scholar describes the tantra divisions of some editions of the Tibetan scriptures as including Sravakayana, Mahayana and Vajrayana texts^[17] (see Buddhist texts). The Tibetan Buddhist canon is a loosely defined list of sacred texts recognized by various schools of Tibetan Buddhism, made up of the Kangyur or Kanjur Buddhist texts can be categorized in a number of ways The Western terms "scripture" and "canonical" are applied to Buddhism in inconsistent ways by Western scholars Some scholars^[18] have used the term tantric Theravada to refer to certain practices found particularly in Cambodia.

Theravada

The traditional Buddhism of Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and parts of Vietnam, China, India, Bangladesh and Malaysia. History Origin of the school The Theravāda school is ultimately derived from the Vibhajjavāda (or 'doctrine of analysis' grouping which was a continuation It is the only surviving representative of the historical early Buddhist schools. The Early Buddhist schools are those schools into which according to most scholars the Buddhist monastic Sangha initially split due originally to differences in The term 'Theravada' is also sometimes used to refer to all the early Buddhist schools. ^[19]

Tibetan Buddhism

Usually understood as including the Buddhism of Tibet, Mongolia, Bhutan and parts of China, India and Russia, which follow the Tibetan tradition. Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including

Vajrayana

A movement that developed out of Indian Mahayana, together with its later descendants. Vajrayana Buddhism is also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Mantrayana, Mantranaya, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and There is some disagreement on exactly which traditions fall into this category. Tibetan Buddhism is universally recognized as falling under this heading; many also include also the Japanese Shingon school. Shingon Buddhism (眞言 真言 " true words " is a major school of Japanese Buddhism, and is the other branch of Vajrayana Buddhism Some scholars^[20]also apply the term to the Korean milgyo tradition, which is not a separate school. One scholar says, "Despite the efforts of generations of Buddhist thinkers, it remains exceedingly difficult to identify precisely what it is that sets the Vajrayana apart. "^[21]

Early schools

An image of Gautama Buddha with a Manji, traditionally a Buddhist symbol of infinity, on his chest. Ananda, the Buddha's disciple, appears in the background. Ānanda was one of many principal disciples and a devout attendant of the Buddha. This statue is from Hsi Lai Temple. Hsi Lai Temple ( TC: 西來寺 PY: Xīlái Sì) (approximate pronunciation She Lye) is a traditional Chinese Buddhist mountain monastery

Main articles: Nikaya Buddhism and Early Buddhist schools

Numerous attempts have been made to tabulate these schools. The term Nikāya Buddhism was invented by Mahayanist scholars in order to find a more acceptable (less derogatory term than Hinayana to refer to the Early Buddhist schools The Early Buddhist schools are those schools into which according to most scholars the Buddhist monastic Sangha initially split due originally to differences in Here is one.

• Sthaviravāda
  • Pudgalavāda ('Personalist') (c. Sthaviravāda ( Sanskrit; Chinese 上座部 literally means "Teaching Of The Elders" The Pudgalavāda or "Personalist" school of Buddhism broke off from the orthodox Sthaviravāda (elders school around 280 BCE 280 BCE)
  • Sarvāstivāda
    • Vibhajjavāda (prior to 240 BCE; during Aśoka)
      • Theravāda (c. Sarvastivada is an early school of Buddhism that held to 'the existence of all Dharmas in the past present and future the 'three times' Vibhajjavāda is an umbrella classification for Buddhist denominations that promote analysis as a primary tool for developing 'insight' (Sanskrit Prajñā Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi History Origin of the school The Theravāda school is ultimately derived from the Vibhajjavāda (or 'doctrine of analysis' grouping which was a continuation 240 BCE)
        • Theravada subschools (see below)
      • Mahīśāsaka (after 232 BCE)
        • Dharmaguptaka (after 232 BCE)
      • Kāśyapīya (after 232 BCE)
      • Vatsīputrīya (under Aśoka) later name: Saṃmitīya
        • Dharmottarīya
        • Bhadrayānīya
        • Sannāgarika
    • Mūlasarvāstivāda (third and fourth centuries)
    • Sautrāntika (between 50 BCE and c. Mahisasaka is one of the twenty schools of early Buddhism according to a Mahayana record The Dharmaguptaka are one of the eighteen or twenty schools of Early Buddhism, depending on one's source Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi Sammitiya is an offshoot of Vatsiputriya and one of 20 Early schools of Buddhism. Sarvastivada is an early school of Buddhism that held to 'the existence of all Dharmas in the past present and future the 'three times' The 3rd century is the period from 201 to 300 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century The Sautrāntika were an early school of Buddhist philosophy. 100 CE)
• Mahāsaṃghika ('Majority', c. The Mahāsāṃghika ( Devanagari महासांघिक also transliterated "Mahasanghika" and "Mahasamghika" (lit 380 BCE)
  • Ekavyahārikas (under Aśoka)
    • Lokottaravāda
  • Golulika (during Aśoka)
    • Bahuśrutīya (late third century BCE)
    • Prajñaptivāda (late third century BCE)
      • Cetiyavāda
  • Caitika (mid-first century BCE)
    • Apara Śaila
    • Uttara Śaila

Twenty sects

The following lists the twenty sects described as Hinayana in some Mahayana texts:

Sthaviravada (上座部) was split into 11 sects. The Ekavyahāraka school of Buddhism split from the {{IAST|Mahāsaṃghikas}} during the reign of Aśoka. Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi Lokottaravada was one of the twenty schools of early Buddhism according to Mahayana doxological sources compiled by Bhavyaviveka Vinitadeva and others and was a sub-group The Golulaka (Cinder sect of Buddhism split from the Mahāsaṃghika during the reign of Aśoka. Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC The Prajñaptivāda (Conceptualist school of Buddhism split from Golulikas in late third century BCE The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC The Caitika school of Buddhism split from Mahāsaṃghaka in the middle of the first century BCE The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. Hīnayāna ( Chinese: 小乘 Xiǎochèng; Korean: 소승 Soseung; Japanese: Shōjō; Vietnamese: Tiểu Mahayana ( Sanskrit: mahāyāna, Devanagari: महायान 'Great Vehicle' is one of the two main existing schools of Buddhism and a term for Sthaviravāda ( Sanskrit; Chinese 上座部 literally means "Teaching Of The Elders" These were:

說一切有部(Sarvastivadin)、雪山部(Haimavata)、犢子部(Vatsiputriya)、法上部 (Dharmottara)、賢冑部(Bhadrayaniya)、正量部(Sammitiya)、密林山部(Channagirika)、化地部 (Mahisasaka)、法藏部(Dharmaguptaka)、飲光部(Kasyapiya)、經量部(Sautrāntika). Sarvastivada is an early school of Buddhism that held to 'the existence of all Dharmas in the past present and future the 'three times' Sammitiya is an offshoot of Vatsiputriya and one of 20 Early schools of Buddhism. Mahisasaka is one of the twenty schools of early Buddhism according to a Mahayana record The Dharmaguptaka are one of the eighteen or twenty schools of Early Buddhism, depending on one's source The Sautrāntika were an early school of Buddhist philosophy.

 Sthaviravada─┬─ Haimavata────────────────────────────────────────────
              └─ Sarvastivadin─┬───────────────────────────────────
                               ├ Vatsiputriya ─┬────────────────────
                               │               ├ Dharmottara───────
                               │               ├ Bhadrayaniya─────
                               │               ├ Sammitiya──────── 
                               │               └ Channagirika─────
                               ├ Mahisasaka─┬─────────────────────
                               │            └ Dharmaguptaka──────
                               ├ Kasyapiya────────────────────────
                               └ Sautrāntika──────────────────────

Mahasanghika (大眾部) was split into 9 sects. Sthaviravāda ( Sanskrit; Chinese 上座部 literally means "Teaching Of The Elders" Sarvastivada is an early school of Buddhism that held to 'the existence of all Dharmas in the past present and future the 'three times' Sammitiya is an offshoot of Vatsiputriya and one of 20 Early schools of Buddhism. Mahisasaka is one of the twenty schools of early Buddhism according to a Mahayana record The Dharmaguptaka are one of the eighteen or twenty schools of Early Buddhism, depending on one's source The Sautrāntika were an early school of Buddhist philosophy. The Mahāsāṃghika ( Devanagari महासांघिक also transliterated "Mahasanghika" and "Mahasamghika" (lit There were:

一說部(Ekavyaharaka)、說出世部(Lokottaravadin)、雞胤部 (Kaukkutika)、多聞部(Bahussrutiya)、說假部(Prajnaptivada)、制多山部(Caitika)、西山住部 (Aparasaila)、北山住部(Uttarasaila). The Ekavyahāraka school of Buddhism split from the {{IAST|Mahāsaṃghikas}} during the reign of Aśoka. Lokottaravada was one of the twenty schools of early Buddhism according to Mahayana doxological sources compiled by Bhavyaviveka Vinitadeva and others and was a sub-group The Prajñaptivāda (Conceptualist school of Buddhism split from Golulikas in late third century BCE The Caitika school of Buddhism split from Mahāsaṃghaka in the middle of the first century BCE

Mahasanghika─┬──────────────────────┬─────
             ├ Ekavyaharaka         ├ Caitika
             ├ Lokottaravadin       ├ Aparasaila
             ├ Kaukkutika           └ Uttarasaila
             ├ Bahussrutiya
             └ Prajnaptivada

Influences on East Asian schools

The following later schools used the Vinaya of the Dharmaguptaka:

• Chinese Buddhism, especially the Vinaya School
• Korean buddhism, especially Gyeyul
• Vietnamese Buddhism
• Japanese Ritsu

The following involve philosophical influence:

• The Japanese Jojitsu is considered by some an offshoot of Sautrāntika; others consider it to be derived from Bahusrutiya
• The Chinese/Japanese Kusha school is considered an offshoot of Sarvastivada, influenced by Vasubandhu. The Mahāsāṃghika ( Devanagari महासांघिक also transliterated "Mahasanghika" and "Mahasamghika" (lit The Ekavyahāraka school of Buddhism split from the {{IAST|Mahāsaṃghikas}} during the reign of Aśoka. The Caitika school of Buddhism split from Mahāsaṃghaka in the middle of the first century BCE Lokottaravada was one of the twenty schools of early Buddhism according to Mahayana doxological sources compiled by Bhavyaviveka Vinitadeva and others and was a sub-group The Prajñaptivāda (Conceptualist school of Buddhism split from Golulikas in late third century BCE The Vinaya (a word in Pāli as well as in Sanskrit, with literal meaning 'leading out' 'education' 'discipline' is the regulatory framework for the Buddhist The Dharmaguptaka are one of the eighteen or twenty schools of Early Buddhism, depending on one's source Gyeyul is the Korean name applied to a branch of Buddhism that specializes in the study of monastic discipline or Vinaya. This page is about the school of Buddhism You may have meant Ritsu Sohma, the anime character The Sautrāntika were an early school of Buddhist philosophy. Sarvastivada is an early school of Buddhism that held to 'the existence of all Dharmas in the past present and future the 'three times' Vasubandhu ( fl 4th c was according to Mahayana Buddhist tradition an Indian Buddhist scholar-monk and along with his half-brother Asanga

Theravada subschools

Samadhi Buddha statue at Mahamevuna Park in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka carved in the 4th century AD. History Origin of the school The Theravāda school is ultimately derived from the Vibhajjavāda (or 'doctrine of analysis' grouping which was a continuation Buddharūpa (बुद्धरूप literally 'Form of the Awakened One' is the Sanskrit and Pali term used in Buddhism for statues or models of the Anuradhapura, (අනුරාධපුර in Sinhala, அனுராதபுரம் in Tamil) is one of the ancient capitals of Sri Lanka, famous Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island

The different schools in Theravada often emphasize different aspects (or parts) of the Pali Canon and the later commentaries, or differ in the focus on (and recommended way of) practice. There are also significant differences in strictness or interpretation of the Vinaya. The Vinaya (a word in Pāli as well as in Sanskrit, with literal meaning 'leading out' 'education' 'discipline' is the regulatory framework for the Buddhist

• Bangladesh:
  • Sangharaj Nikaya
  • Mahasthabir Nikaya
• Burma:
  • Thudhamma Nikaya
    • Vipassana tradition of Mahasi Sayadaw and disciples
  • Shwekyin Nikaya
  • Dvaya Nikaya or Dvara Nikaya (see Mendelson, Sangha and State in Burma, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1975)
• Sri Lanka:
  • Siam Nikaya
    • Waturawila (or Mahavihara Vamshika Shyamopali Vanavasa Nikaya)
  • Amarapura Nikaya
    • Kanduboda (or Swejin Nikaya)
    • Tapovana (or Kalyanavamsa)
  • Ramañña Nikaya
    • Galduwa (or Kalyana Yogashramaya Samsthava)
    • Delduwa
  • forest nikaya
• Thailand
  • Maha Nikaya
    • Dhammakaya Movement
  • Thammayut Nikaya
    • Thai Forest Tradition
      • Tradition of Ajahn Chah

Mahāyāna schools

Chinese Glazed stoneware of a Buddhist monk, or Future Buddha, dated to the 20th year of the Chenghua Emperor, or 1468 AD. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially The Sangharaja Nikaya is a tradition of Theravada Buddhism, located in Bangladesh. The Mahasthabir Nikaya is a Bengali order of Buddhist monks They were anti-reformists who attempted to stifle the movement led by Saramitra Mahasthabir ("Saramedha Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Vipassanā ( Pāli) or vipaśyanā (विपश्यना Sanskrit) means Insight into the impermanent nature or Anicca, Mahāsi Sayādaw (1904-1982 was a famous Burmese Buddhist Monk and Meditation master who had a significant impact on the teaching of Vipassana Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The Siam (also Siyamopali and Siyam) Nikaya is a monastic order within Sri Lanka, founded by Upali Thera and located predominantly The Amarapura Nikaya is a Sri Lankan monastic fraternity (a lineage of ordained monks founded in 1800 Ramanna Nikaya (or Ramanya Nikaya) is one of the most orthodox Buddhist orders in Sri Lanka. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Maha Nikaya (literal translation Great collection is the largest order of Theravada Buddhist Monks in Thailand. The Dhammakāya Movement is a Buddhist movement founded in Thailand in The Dhammayuttika Nikaya or Thammayut Nikaya (ธรรมยุต (ทำมะยุด นิกาย ធម្មយុត្តិក និកាយ is an order The Thai Forest Tradition is a tradition of Buddhist monasticism within Thai Theravada Buddhism, which uses remote wilderness and forest Venerable Ajahn Chah Subhaddo (Chao Khun Bodhinyanathera (Thaiชา สุภัทโท, alternatively spelled Achaan Chah, occasionally with honorific titles Mahayana ( Sanskrit: mahāyāna, Devanagari: महायान 'Great Vehicle' is one of the two main existing schools of Buddhism and a term for Stoneware a Vitreous or semivitreous ceramic ware of fine texture made primarily from nonrefactory fire clay The Chenghua Emperor ( December 9, 1447 &ndash September 9, 1487) was Emperor of the Ming dynasty in China

• Madhyamaka
  • Prāsangaka
  • Svatantrika
  • Sanlun (Three Treatise school)
    • Sanron
  • Maha-Madhyamaka (Jonangpa)
• Yogācāra
  • Cittamatra in Tibet
  • Wei-Shi (Consciousness-only school) or Faxiang (Dharma-character school)
    • Beopsang
    • Hossō
• Tathagatagarbha
  • Daśabhūmikā (absorbed in to Huayan)
  • Huayan (Avataṃsaka)
    • Hwaeom
    • Kegon
• Chan / Zen / Seon / Thien
  • Caodong
    • Soto
  • Linji
    • Rinzai
    • Ōbaku
    • Fuke
    • Won Buddhism: Korean Reformed Buddhism
• Pure Land (Amidism)
  • Jodo
  • Jodo Shin
• Tiantai (Lotus Sutra School)
  • Cheontae
  • Tendai (also contained Vajrayana elements)
• Nichiren
  • Nichiren Shū
  • Nichiren Shōshū
  • Nipponzan Myōhōji
  • Soka Gakkai

Tantric schools

see also: Vajrayāna Subcategorised according to predecessors

• Tibetan Buddhism
  • Nyingma
  • New Bön (synthesis of Yungdrung Bön and Nyingmapa)
  • Kadam
  • Sakya
    • Jonang
  • Gelug
  • Kagyu
    • Shangpa Kagyu
    • Rechung Kagyu
    • Dagpo Kagyu
      • Karma Kagyu (or Kamtshang Kagyu)
      • Tsalpa Kagyu
      • Baram Kagyu
      • Pagtru Kagyu (or Phagmo Drugpa Kagyu)
        • Taglung Kagyu
        • Trophu Kagyu
        • Drukpa Kagyu
        • Martsang Kagyu
        • Yerpa Kagyu
        • Yazang Kagyu
        • Shugseb Kagyu
        • Drikung Kagyu

• • Rime movement (ecumenical movement)
• Japanese Mikkyo
  • Shingon
  • Tendai (derived from Tiantai but added tantric practices)

See also

• Buddhism by region
• Humanistic Buddhism
• Northern and Southern Buddhism
• Early Buddhist Schools

References

Coleman, Graham, ed. (1993). A Handbook of Tibetan Culture. Boston: Shambhala Publications, Inc. . ISBN 1-57062-002-4.

Warder, A.K. (1970). Anthony Kennedy Warder is a scholar of Indology, mostly in Buddhist studies and related fields such as the Pāli and Sanskrit languages Indian Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

External links

• Mahayana vs. Theravada: a Multiform Comparison
• The Sects of the Buddhists by T. W. Rhys Davids, in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1891. pp. 409-422
• Sects & Sectarianism - The origins of Buddhist Schools
• Schools of Buddhism - The Origin of Early Buddhist Schools in Ancient India